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TABLES

Table 1.

2000 U.S. Census Data for Vieques

Parameter	Number of Residents	Percent of Total Residents
Total residents	9,106	100%
Men	4,512	50%
Women	4,594	50%
Women of childbearing age (15-44)	1,701	19%
Children (age 6 and under)	1,001	11%
Elderly (age 65 and over)	1,263	14%

Source: US Bureau of the Census 2000

Notes:

According to the 2000 census data, 2,366 families lived on Vieques.
The 2000 census data include residents living on Navy lands and in the residential area.

Table 2.

Ranges and Averages of the Chemicals Detected in Soil on Vieques, Sediments on the Mainland of Puerto Rico, and Soil on the United States

Chemical	Vieques		Puerto Rico		United States
	Range (ppm)	Average† (ppm)	Range (ppm)	Average† (ppm)	Range (ppm)	Average (ppm)
Metals
Aluminum	660-39,000	16,000	NS	NS	700->100,000	72,000
Antimony*	0.56-3.3	1.21	1-4.1	1.4	<1-8.8	0.66
Arsenic*	0.96-36	8.91	1-22	2.95	<0.1-97	7.2
Barium	10-3,000	594	20-5,000	617	10-5,000	580
Beryllium	0.075-2	0.394	1	1	<1-15	0.92
Bismuth	15	15	1.9	1.9	NS	NS
Boron	10-100	11.6	10-500	12.9	<20-300	33
Cadmium*	0.37-3.4	1.6	0.05-0.95	0.139	NS	NS
Chromium	3-700	58.2	10-5,000	681	1-2,000	54
Cobalt	0.35-32	12.8	5-1,500	31.4	<3-70	9.1
Copper	2.1-1,500	72.6	10-7,000	80	<1-700	25
Gold	0.06-0.46	0.223	0.002-13	0.0846	NS	NS
Iron	1,000-150,000	45,600	7,000-200,000	55,500	100->100,000	26,000
Lanthanum	30-50	40	50	50	<30-200	37
Lead	0.52-1,000	17.1	10-1,000	20.9	<10-700	19
Manganese*	30-5,000	1,220	70-5,000	1,040	<2-7,000	550
Mercury	0.0041-0.12	0.0275	NS	NS	<0.01-4.6	0.09
Molybdenum*	5-7	5.2	0.1-20	2.08	<3-15	0.97
Nickel	0.75-150	18	5-5,000	97.7	<5-700	19
Niobium	ND	ND	20	20	<10-100	11
Scandium	5-30	16.3	5-70	22.7	<5-50	8.9
Selenium	0.52-2.1	1.23	NS	NS	<0.1-4.3	0.39
Silver*	0.5-1.5	0.742	0.1-30	0.903	NS	NS
Strontium*	100-700	254	100-5,000	238	<5-3,000	240
Thallium	ND	ND	NS	NS	NS	NS
Thorium	ND	ND	ND	ND	2.2-31	9.4
Tin	4.6-30	12.6	10-300	27.1	<0.1-10	1.3
Titanium	200-15,000	3,740	500-30,000	4,660	70-20,000	2,900
Tungsten	50	50	ND	ND	NS	NS
Vanadium	3.6-500	162	30-1,500	250	<7-500	80
Yttrium*	10-50	23	10-70	21	<10-200	25
Zinc	2.4-3,000	78.5	6-700	113	<5-2,900	60
Zirconium	10-300	85.3	10-1,000	83.8	<20-2,000	230
Inorganics
Ammonia	0.37-3	1.49	NS	NS	NS	NS
Ammonium perchlorate	0.123	0.123	NS	NS	NS	NS
Calcium*	500-200,000	26,400	500-200,000	15,200	100-320,000	24,000
Cyanide	0.06-0.1	0.075	NS	NS	NS	NS
Magnesium	1,000-30,000	11,700	500-100,000	12,700	50->100,000	9,000
Nitrate and nitrite	0.04-10.6	2.63	NS	NS	NS	NS
Potassium	426-3,700	1650	NS	NS	50-63,000	15,000
Sodium	113-411	220	2,000-50,000	14,900	<500-100,000	12,000
Organic Compounds
Acetone	0.04-0.091	0.068	NS	NS	NS	NS
Benzene	0.0007	0.0007	NS	NS	NS	NS
2-Butanone	0.014-0.032	0.025	NS	NS	NS	NS
Carbazole	0.0011	0.0011	NS	NS	NS	NS
Carbon disulfide	0.0014	0.0014	NS	NS	NS	NS
Methylene chloride	0.0012-0.0023	0.0019	NS	NS	NS	NS
Toluene	0.0006-0.0007	0.00067	NS	NS	NS	NS
Xylene	0.0007-0.0015	0.00097	NS	NS	NS	NS
Explosives
Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX)	0.35-0.42a	0.385a	NS	NS	NS	NS
Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)	0.003-2.8b	0.411b	NS	NS	NS	NS
2-amino-4,6-Dinitrotoluene	0.62a	0.62a	NS	NS	NS	NS
Nitroglycerin	1.6-19c	8.1c	NS	NS	NS	NS
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)	0.0004-13d	2.85d	NS	NS	NS	NS

a - HMX and 2-amino-4,6-Dinitrotoluene were only detected on the LIA.
b - RDX was detected on the LIA, near Bahia de la Chiva, and near Bahia Tapon.
c - Nitroglycerin was detected on the LIA and in the North Coast Conservation Zone.
d - TNT was detected on the LIA and near Bahia de la Chiva.

Sources:
CH2MHILL 2000a
Lai 1978
Learned et al. 1973
PMC 1998
Hoffsommer and Glover 1978
Marsh 1992
Shacklette and Boerngen 1984

† Average concentrations were calculated using detected values only.
* Averages are significantly different between Vieques and Puerto Rico, p <0.05.
ND = not detected
NS = not sampled

Table 3.

Ranges and Averages for Chemicals Detected in Sediment on the Former NASD Compared to the Mainland of Puerto Rico

Chemical	Former NASD		Mainland of Puerto Rico
	Range(ppm)	Average (ppm)	Range (ppm)	Average† (ppm)
Metals
Aluminum	2,600-10,000	5,867	NS	NS
Antimony	0.59-0.59	0.61	1-4.1	1.4
Arsenic	ND	ND	1-22	2.95
Barium	6.9-69	28	20-5,000	617
Beryllium	0.17-0.24	0.16	1	1
Cadmium	ND	ND	0.05-0.95	0.139
Chromium	2.3-7.8	4.5	10-5,000	681
Cobalt	0.96-4.7	2.5	5-1,500	31.4
Copper	3.3-26	14	10-7,000	80
Iron	2,300-14,000	7,300	7,000-200,000	55,500
Lead	0.56-8.0	4.4	10-1,000	20.9
Manganese	24-350	118	70-5,000	1,040
Mercury	0.013-0.052	0.014	NS	NS
Nickel	0.5-4.1	1.7	5-5,000	97.7
Selenium	0.78-1.1	1.1	NS	NS
Silver	ND	ND	0.1-30	0.903
Thallium	ND	ND	NS	NS
Vanadium	7.2-40	21	30-1,500	250
Zinc	4.9-48	22	6-700	113
Inorganics
Calcium	8,900-160,000	79,483	500-200,000	15,200
Magnesium	2,200-14,000	8,317	500-100,000	12,700
Potassium	1,300-5,200	2,867	NS	NS
Sodium	7,800-67,000	22,217	2,000-50,000	14,900

Sources:

CH2MHILL 2001
Marsh 1992

† Average concentrations were calculated using detected values only.
ND = not detected
NS = not sampled

Table 4.

Ranges and Averages for Chemicals Detected in Soil at the LIA Compared to the Remainder of Vieques

Chemical	Live Impact Area		Remainder of Vieques §
	Range (ppm)	Average† (ppm)	Range (ppm)	Average† (ppm)
Metals
Aluminum	660-31,000	16,200	2,100-19,000	10,500
Antimony	0.56-3.3	1.14	ND	ND
Arsenic	1-20	7.87	0.96-6.7	3.45
Barium	10-360	105	26-3,000	656
Beryllium	0.075-0.48	0.241	0.12-2	0.547
Bismuth	ND	ND	15	15
Boron*	10-50	15.7	10-100	11.3
Cadmium	0.37-3.4	1.71	ND	ND
Chromium	7.2-120	37.8	3-700	60.8
Cobalt	0.35-32	14.6	1.4-30	12.7
Copper	2.1-120	39.1	5-1,500	76.8
Gold	ND	ND	0.06-0.46	0.22
Iron	1,000-70,000	33,500	5,000-150,000	46,900
Lanthanum	ND	ND	30-50	40
Lead	0.52-33	8.49	1.2-1,000	18.1
Manganese	36-1,500	723	30-5,000	1,280
Mercury	0.0041-0.086	0.0216	0.0089-0.069	0.0268
Molybdenum	ND	ND	5-7	5.2
Nickel	0.75-75	15.9	2.4-150	16.2
Scandium	5-30	12.5	5-30	16.4
Selenium	0.52-2.1	1.23	ND	ND
Silver	ND	ND	0.5-1.5	0.742
Strontium	100-300	156	100-700	256
Tin	4.6-5	4.87	10-30	14.3
Titanium	300-5,000	1,650	200-15,000	3,820
Tungsten	ND	ND	50	50
Vanadium	3.6-300	106	7.3-500	168
Yttrium	10-30	20.8	10-50	23
Zinc	2.4-180	47.5	5-3,000	81.1
Zirconium	10-150	59	10-300	86.3
Inorganics
Ammonia	0.37-3	1.18	NS	NS
Ammonia perchlorate	ND	ND	0.123	0.123
Calcium*	3,000-200,000	114,000	500-200,000	22,800
Cyanide	0.06-0.1	0.075	NS	NS
Magnesium	3,000-15,000	9,000	1,000-30,000	11,900
Nitrate and nitrite	0.04-10.6	3.12	NS	NS
Explosives
Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX)	0.35-0.42	0.385	ND	ND
Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)	0.003-2.8	0.527	0.003-0.0037a	0.00335a
2-amino-4,6-Dinitrotoluene	0.62	0.62	ND	ND
Nitroglycerin	1.6-3.6	2.6	19b	19b
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)	0.0004-13	3.42	0.006c	0.006c

a - RDX was detected near Bahia de la Chiva and Bahia Tapon.
b - Nitroglycerin was detected in the North Coast Conservation Zone.
c - TNT was detected near Bahia de la Chiva.

Sources:

CH2MHILL 2000a
Hoffsommer and Glover 1978
Lai 1978 PMC 1998
Learned et al. 1973
Marsh 1992

§ Does not include detections from the Punta Este Conservation Zone.
† Average concentrations were calculated using detected values only.
* Averages are significantly different between the LIA and the remainder of Vieques, p <0.05.
ND = not detected
NS = not sampled

Table 5.

Comparison of Tl Geologic Units Within the LIA and Outside the LIA

Chemical	Live Impact Area		Remainder of Vieques §
	Range (ppm)	Average† (ppm)	Range (ppm)	Average† (ppm)
Metals
Antimony	0.56-1.3	0.83	ND	ND
Arsenic	3.5-18	8.97	ND	ND
Barium	15-360	93.2	70-200	155
Beryllium	0.075-0.39	0.24	1.0-2.0	1.5
Boron	10-30	14.5	10-30	17.2
Cadmium	0.37-2.6	1.65	ND	ND
Chromium	7.2-100	34.2	30-150	56.7
Cobalt*	2.9-25	14.6	5-10	6.8
Copper	5-120	40.7	5-50	20.9
Iron	5,000-70,000	30,700	7,000-70,000	27,100
Lanthanum	ND	ND	50	50
Lead	0.97-33	9.79	10-20	13.3
Manganese	70-1,500	673	50-1,500	639
Nickel	3.5-34	12.9	5-50	16.4
Scandium	5-30	11.1	7-20	13.4
Strontium	100-200	138	200-200	200
Tin	4.6-5.0	4.9	10	10
Titanium	300-3,000	1,000	700-7,000	2,200
Vanadium	20-300	106	15-200	84.4
Yttrium	10-30	17.9	10-30	22.5
Zinc	8-81	37.9	9-46	23.3
Zirconium	10-70	41.5	10-200	80
Inorganics
Calcium	50,000-200,000	149,000	10,000-200,000	157,000
Magnesium	3,000-15,000	8,100	7,000-7,000	7,000

Sources:

CH2MHILL 2000a
Learned et al. 1973
Marsh 1992
PMC 1998

§ Does not include detections from the Punta Este Conservation Zone.
† Average concentrations were calculated using detected values only.
* Averages are significantly different between the Tl geologic units in the LIA compared to Tl geologic units in the remainder of Vieques, p <0.05.
ND = not detected
NS = not sampled

Table 6.

Comparison of Kv Geologic Units Within the LIA and Outside the LIA

Chemical	Live Impact Area		Remainder of Vieques §
	Range (ppm)	Average† (ppm)	Range (ppm)	Average† (ppm)
Metals
Aluminum	660-28,000	15,300	2,100-19,000	11,600
Antimony	3.3	3.3	ND	ND
Arsenic	1-20	5.9	2.4-6.7	4.4
Barium	10-300	127	26-2,000	386
Beryllium	0.09-0.48	0.24	0.12-0.48	0.31
Boron	10-50	18	10-100	12.4
Cadmium	0.98-3.4	2.0	ND	ND
Chromium	7.2-120	44.3	11-700	73.6
Cobalt	0.35-32	14.6	1.4-30	15.7
Copper	2.1-72	36.1	5-1,000	80.1
Gold	ND	ND	0.15	0.15
Iron	1,000-70,000	38,800	5,000-100,000	55,600
Lanthanum	ND	ND	30	30
Lead	0.52-11	6.1	2.6-1,000	27.6
Manganese	36-1,500	816	70-5,000	1,410
Mercury	0.004-0.074	0.020	0.009-0.069	0.027
Molybdenum	ND	ND	5-7	5.29
Nickel	0.75-75	21.5	2.4-150	24
Scandium	5-20	15	7-30	19.3
Selenium	0.72-2.1	1.4	ND	ND
Silver	ND	ND	0.5-1.5	0.74
Strontium	300	300	100-700	195
Tin	ND	ND	10-20	15
Titanium	700-5,000	2,940	2,000-7,000	4,640
Tungsten	ND	ND	50	50
Vanadium	3.6-300	108	7.3-500	202
Yttrium	15-30	25	10-50	26.1
Zinc	2.4-180	62	11-3,000	142
Zirconium	50-150	94	20-300	95.9
Inorganics
Calcium*	3,000-200,000	44,600	500-70,000	15,500
Magnesium	7,000-15,000	10,800	1,500-30,000	14,800
Explosives
Nitroglycerin	ND	ND	19	19
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)	4.1	4.1	ND	ND

Sources:

CH2MHILL 2000a
Learned et al. 1973
Marsh 1992
PMC 1998

§ Does not include detections from the Punta Este Conservation Zone.
† Average concentrations were calculated using detected values only.
* Averages are significantly different between the Tl geologic units in the LIA compared to Tl geologic units in the remainder of Vieques, p <0.05.
ND = not detected
NS = not sampled

Table 7.

Ranges and Averages for Chemicals Detected in Soil at the LIA Compared to the Former NASD

Chemical	Live Impact Area (Tl geologic unit)		Former NASD (KTd geologic unit)
	Range (ppm)	Average (ppm)	Range (ppm)	Average (ppm)
Metals
Aluminum	3,400-31,000	16,416	6,900-18,000	11,346
Antimony	0.56-2.7	1.8	0.52-1.4	0.68
Arsenic	3.5-20	9.5	0.57-1.2	0.65
Barium*	13-360	88	20-190	84
Beryllium	0.075-0.41	0.24	0.13-0.27	0.17
Cadmium	0.37-2.6	1.6	ND	ND
Chromium	7.2-53	23.6	2.2-52	13
Cobalt*	2.9-24	15	6.7-13	9.1
Copper	11-120	51	15-47	28
Iron*	5,200-52,000	33,263	14,000-28,000	20,692
Lead	0.81-33	9.2	1.1-5.7	3.2
Manganese*	160-1,500	778	290-1,200	626
Mercury	0.0044-0.086	0.02	0.0037-0.024	0.011
Nickel	3.5-34	14	1.3-18	5.1
Selenium	0.52-1.5	1.1	0.73-0.73	0.54
Thallium	ND	ND	0.45-0.46	0.39
Vanadium*	26-220	111	29-80	53
Zinc	14-81	55	23-53	36

Sources:

CH2MHILL 2000a
CH2MHILL 2001

*Inherently different between the Tl and KTd geologic units.
ND = not detected

Table 8.

Summary of Pathways Evaluated in this Public Health Assessment

Pathway Name	Exposure Pathway Elements						Comments
	Potential Source of Contamination	Environmental Media	Point of Exposure	Route of Exposure	Exposed Population	Time of Exposure
Exposures in the Residential Area	Navy training activities at the LIA	LIA Soil → Air → Residential Soil	Residential Area	Incidental Ingestion Dermal Contact	Residents and visitors of Vieques	Past, current, and future	The levels of metals and other chemicals detected on Vieques are too low to be of health concern for both adults and children.
Exposures in the LIA	Navy training activities at the LIA	LIA Soil	LIA	Incidental Ingestion Dermal Contact	Trespassers on the LIA	April 1999 to May 2000	Neither adults nor children were exposed to harmful levels of chemicals present in the soil on the LIA.

Table 9.

Chemicals Detected in the Soil on Vieques

Chemical	Chemical Concentration Range (ppm)	Frequency of Detections	Frequency above Comparison Values	Comparison Value (ppm)	Type of Comparison Value
Metals
Aluminum	660-39,000	43/43	0	100,000	I-EMEG-child
Antimony	0.56-3.3	10/457	0	20	RMEG-child
Arsenic	0.96-36	41/463	41 4	0.5 20	CREG C-EMEG-child
Barium	10-3,000	463/463	0	4,000	RMEG-child
Beryllium	0.075-2	44/461	0	100	RMEG-child
Bismuth	15	1/420	NA	NA	NA
Boron	10-100	420/420	0	500	I-EMEG-child
Cadmium	0.37-31.3	28/459	2	10	C-EMEG-child
Chromium	3-700	402/463	10	200	RMEG-child (chromium VI)
Cobalt	0.35-32	444/463	0	4,700	RBC
Copper	2.1-1,500	463/463	0	3,100	RBC
Gold	0.06-0.46	3/420	NA	NA	NA
Iron	1,000-150,000	463/463	415	23,000	RBC
Lanthanum	30-50	2/420	NA	NA	NA
Lead	0.52-1,000	461/463	2	400	SSL
Manganese	30-5,000	463/463	1	3,000	RMEG-child
Mercury	0.0041-4.21	36/39	NA	NA	NA
Molybdenum	5-7	10/420	0	300	RMEG-child
Nickel	0.75-150	461/463	0	1,000	RMEG-child
Scandium	5-30	411/420	NA	NA	NA
Selenium	0.52-2.1	19/39	0	300	C-EMEG-child
Silver	0.5-1.5	14/459	0	300	RMEG-child
Strontium	100-700	359/420	0	30,000	RMEG-child
Tin	4.6-30	17/457	0	47,000	RBC
Titanium	200-15,000	420/420	0	310,000	RBC
Tungsten	50	2/420	NA	NA	NA
Vanadium	3.6-500	463/463	91	200	I-EMEG-child
Yttrium	10-50	411/420	NA	NA	NA
Zinc	2.4-3,000	444/445	0	20,000	C-EMEG-child
Zirconium	10-300	419/420	NA	NA	NA
Inorganics
Ammonia	0.37-50.1	9/9	0	20,000	I-EMEG-child
Ammonium perchlorate	0.123	1/37	NA	NA	NA
Calcium	500-200,000	424/424	NA	NA	NA
Cyanide	0.06-0.1	4/7	0	1,000	RMEG-child
Magnesium	1,000-30,000	424/424	NA	NA	NA
Nitrate and nitrite	0.04-50.8	9/9	0	80,000/5,000	RMEG-child (nitrate/nitrite)
Phosphorus	16-40.4	2/2	NA	NA	NA
Potassium	426-3,700	4/4	NA	NA	NA
Sodium	113-411	4/4	NA	NA	NA
Organic Compounds
Acetone	0.04-0.091	4/4	0	5,000	RMEG-child
Benzene	0.0007	1/4	0	10	CREG
2-Butanone	0.014-0.032	3/4	0	30,000	RMEG-child
Carbazole	0.011	1/4	0	32	RBC
Carbon disulfide	0.0014	1/4	0	5,000	RMEG-child
Methylene chloride	0.0012-0.0023	4/4	0	90	CREG
Toluene	0.0006-0.0007	3/4	0	1,000	I-EMEG-child
Xylene	0.0007-0.0015	3/4	0	10,000	I-EMEG-child
Explosives
Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX)	0.35-0.42	2/69	0	3,000	I-EMEG-child
Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)	0.003-2.8	15/81	0	6	CREG
2-amino-4,6-Dinitrotoluene	0.62	1/69	0	0.96	RBC
Nitroglycerin	1.6-3.6	3/69	0	46	RBC
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)	0.0004-13	10/81	0	20	CREG

Note: A few tentatively identified compounds were reported from the sampling conducted at the former NASD for the airport expansion (PMC 1998). These chemicals are not included in this table because their identity and quantity are not certain. Carbazole was estimated to be present in a duplicate sample.

Abbreviations:

CREG = Cancer Risk Evaluation Guide
C-EMEG = Chronic Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
I-EMEG = Intermediate Environmental Media Evaluation Guide
RBC = Risk-based Concentration
RMEG = Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guide
SSL = Soil Screening Level

Sources:

CH2MHILL and Baker 1999
CH2MHILL 2000a
Hoffsommer and Glover 1978
Lai 1978
Learned et al. 1973
Marsh 1992
PMC 1998
Garcia et al. 2000

Boldface = chemical was detected above the comparison value
NA = not available

Table 10.

Chemicals Detected on the LIA in Areas Where Protestors Lived (April 1999 to May 2000)

Chemical	Chemical Concentration Range (ppm)	Frequency of Detections	Frequency above Comparison Values	Comparison Value (ppm)	Type of Comparison Value
Metals
Aluminum	660-15,000	5/5	0	100,000	I-EMEG-child
Arsenic	1.0-6.7	5/5	5 0	0.5 20	CREG C-EMEG-child
Barium	10-1,100	6/6	0	4,000	RMEG-child
Beryllium	0.087-0.23	5/5	0	100	RMEG-child
Cadmium	2.3	1/5	0	10	C-EMEG-child
Chromium	7.2-27	5/5	0	200	RMEG-child (chromium VI)
Cobalt	0.35-13	5/5	0	4,700	RBC
Copper	2.1-501	6/6	0	3,100	RBC
Iron	1,000-67,900	7/7	3	23,000	RBC
Lead	0.52-31	5/5	0	400	SSL
Manganese	36-840	6/6	0	3,000	RMEG-child
Mercury	0.0041-0.017	4/5	NA	NA	NA
Nickel	0.75-13	5/5	0	1,000	RMEG-child
Selenium	1.3-1.48	2/6	0	300	C-EMEG-child
Vanadium	3.6-178	6/6	0	200	I-EMEG-child
Zinc	2.4-52	4/4	0	20,000	C-EMEG-child
Inorganics
Nitrate and nitrite	30.2	1/1	0	80,000/5,000	RMEG-child (nitrate/nitrite)
Phosphorus	16-40.4	2/2	NA	NA	NA
Explosives
Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX)	0.42	1/5	0	3,000	I-EMEG-child
Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)	0.29	1/5	0	6	CREG

Sources:

CH2MHILL 2000a
Garcia et al. 2000

Boldface = chemical was detected above the comparison value
NA = not available

Figures