ABCs Report: group A Streptococcus, 2001

February 2, 2010: Content on this page kept for historical reasons.

Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs): Emerging Infections Program Network

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ABCs Areas

California (3 county San Francisco Bay area); Colorado (5 county Denver area); Connecticut; Georgia; Maryland (6 county Baltimore area); Minnesota; New York (7 county Rochester and 8 county Albany area); Oregon (3 county Portland area); Tennessee (11 urban counties)

ABCs Population

The surveillance areas represent 31,190,632 persons. Source: National Center for Health Statistics bridged-race vintage 2001 postcensal file

ABCs Case Definition

Invasive group A streptococcal disease: isolation of group A Streptococcus from a normally sterile site or from a wound culture accompanied by necrotizing fasciitis or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in a resident of a surveillance area in 2001.

ABCs Methodology

contacts in all microbiology laboratories serving acute care hospitals in their area to identify cases. Standardized case report forms that include information on demographic characteristics, clinical syndrome, and outcome of illness were completed for each identified case. Strains were typed by the emm system at CDC. Regular laboratory audits assess completeness of active surveillance and detect additional cases.

All rates of invasive group A Streptococcal disease were calculated using population estimates for 2001. For national projections of cases, race- and age-specific rates of disease were applied from the aggregate surveillance area to the age and racial distribution of the 2001 U.S. population. Cases with unknown race were distributed by site based on reported race distribution for known cases within the eight age categories.

Reported ABCs Profiles

Race	No.	(Rate*)
White	837	(3.5)
Black	263	(5.0)
Other	65	(3.7)

Unknown race (n=162) distributed among knowns

^* Cases per 100,000 population for ABCs areas

Ethnicity	No.	(Rate*)
Hispanic	77	(3.3)
Non-Hispanic	509	------
Unknown	579	------

^*Cases per 100,000 population for ABCs areas

Age (years)	Cases No. (Rate*)	Deaths No. (Rate*)
<1	23 (5.1)	0 (0.0)
1	11 (2.6)	1 (0.2)
2-4	31 (2.5)	1 (0.1)
5-17	73 (1.3)	2 (0.03)
18-34	149 (2.0)	6 (0.1)
35-49	307 (4.1)	31 (0.4)
50-64	228 (4.8)	38 (0.8)
≥ 65	343 (9.8)	76 (2.2)
Total	1,165 (3.7)	155 (0.5)

^*Cases or deaths per 100,000 population for ABCs areas

ABCs Area	Most common emm types*	% of area isolates
California	1, 49, 28, 12, 92	59.8
Colorado	1, 89, 28, 114, 12, 3	70.0
Connecticut	1, 3, 12, 28, 89, 18	65.3
Georgia	3, 1, 12, 83, 28, 73, 77, 89	75.8
Maryland	1, 82, 73, 3	52.3
Minnesota	1, 28, 3, 75, 12, 89, 82	78.2
New York	28, 1, 12, 89, 3, 5, 11	81.5
Oregon	1, 28, 3, 12, 73	75.0
Tennessee	1, 12, 114, 28, 83	63.4
Total	1, 3, 28, 12, 89	56.0

^*Requires a minimum of 3 or more isolates and ≥ 5% of isolates typed

Syndrome	No.	(%)
Cellulitis	411	(35.3)
Necrotizing fasciitis	81	(7.0)
Pneumonia	150	(12.9)
Primary bacteremia	334	(28.7)
Streptococcal toxic shock	69	(5.9)

Note: Some cases had more than one syndrome.

Potentially preventable invasive group A streptococcal disease

During 2001, 6 cases (ages 9 months and 1, 5, 34, 49, and 56 years) of invasive GAS disease were detected in patients with varicella.

National Estimates of Invasive Disease

Cases: 10,650 (3.7/100,000)
Deaths: 1,450 (0.5/100,000)

Citation

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Report, Emerging Infections Program Network, Group A Streptococcus, 2001.

 

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