Excluding moderate and severe TBI, what may cause concussion symptoms?

• A

  Neuron disruption in the cerebral cortex

• B

  Neurometabolic cascade and axonal dysfunction

• C

  Interruption between Broca's area in the cerebrum and Wernicke's area

• D

  Hippocampus injury and limbic system impairment

Why are kids and teens at increased risk for concussion?

• A

  Susceptibility to chemical and metabolic changes

• B

  Axons not as myelinated or insulated

• C

  Less developed cervical and shoulder musculature

• D

  A and C only

• E

  All the above

According to the concussion in Sports Group, concussion will show abnormality on standard structural neuroimaging studies?

• A

  True

• B

  False

What are the four categories of concussion symptoms?

• A

  Somatic, Cognitive, Affective, Sleep

• B

  Cognitive, Affective, Effective, Peripheral

• C

  Cognitive, Affective, Consciousness, Balance

• D

  Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound

Which of the following should prompt immediate transport of an athlete with a concussion for emergency evaluation?

• A

  Increase in severity of signs and symptoms that may indicate neurological deterioration

• B

  Decreasing level of consciousness

• C

  Persistent focal neurologic deficit

• D

  All of the above

What 4 components should your concussion plan cover?

• A

  Pre-Injury, Injury, Post-Injury, Lifelong impairment

• B

  Sport, Season, Gender, Geographic Area

• C

  Exertion, Contact, Rest, Symptom Checklist

• D

  Pre-Season Planning, On-field Exam, Sideline Evaluation, Removal from Play

How often does a concussion result in loss of consciousness?

• A

  Often - 85% or more of the time

• B

  Moderately - 50% of the time

• C

  Mildly - 25% of the time

• D

  Seldom - 10% of the time

A prior personal and/or family history of diagnosis of which of the following may lead to protracted recovery or complicate the recovery process?

• A

  Depression/mood disorder or anxiety

• B

  Learning disabilities

• C

  Developmental disorders

• D

  B and C only

• E

  All of the above

Appropriate management of concussion injury can help:

• A

  Speed of recovery

• B

  Prevent further injury

• C

  Safely return an athlete to play sooner

• D

  All the above

When should you refer to a concussion specialist?

• A

  When an athlete's symptoms have not gone away after 10-14 days

• B

  When an athlete does not match their baseline after 3 days

• C

  When an athlete fails to be asymptomatic during Step 3 of the 5-Step return to play process

• D

  All the above

The younger the athlete, the more conservative the treatment.

• A

  True

• B

  False

What happens when an athlete's symptoms return after they've initiated the 5-Step return to play process?

• A

  The athlete should progress to the next level so long as they do not lose consciousness

• B

  The athlete should drop back to the previous asymptomatic level and try to progress agin after a further 24-hour period of rest has passed and they are again asymptomatic.

• C

  The athlete should repeat the 5-Step process, starting at Step 1

• D

  The athlete should rest for 15 days

An athlete with a suspected concussion can return to play the same day if his or her symptoms that are present at 5 minutes post injury, but are no longer present at 15 and 20 minutes post injury.

• A

  True

• B

  False

What activities might an athlete returning to school need to limit or avoid to achieve cognitive rest?

• A

  Academic activities (reading, homework, studying at pre-injury levels, etc)

• B

  Technological activities (using computers, phones, etc)

• C

  Entertainment activities (television, video games, etc)

• D

  All the above

Tolerance for cognitive activity increases as the student recovers, but the rate my vary from one student to another.

• A

  True

• B

  False

Research suggests that Post concussive syndrome occurs in approximately:?

• A

  1-3% of patients with concussion

• B

  5-8% of patients with concussion

• C

  10-13% of patients with concussion

• D

  21-24% of patients with concussion

Which of the following can help reduce the risk for concussion?

• A

  Good sportsmanship

• B

  Awareness of coaches, parents, leagues, and schools

• C

  All the above

Which of the following is true about concussion?

• A

  Protective equipment will make you "invincible" to concussion

• B

  You must lose consciousness to have a concussion

• C

  Kids and teens are more susceptible to concussion

• D

  Teaching kids to "shake it off" and keep playing is the right thing to do