Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings (2007)
Type and Duration of Precautions Recommended for Selected Infections and Conditions1
A
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Abscess
Draining, major
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
No dressing or containment of drainage; until drainage stops or can be contained by dressing.
|
Abscess
Draining, minor or limited
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Dressing covers and contains drainage.
|
Acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Post-exposure chemoprophylaxis for some blood exposures [866].
|
Actinomycosis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
n/a | n/a | n/a | |
Amebiasis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Person to person transmission is rare. Transmission in settings for the mentally challenged and in a family group has been reported [1045]. Use care when handling diapered infants and mentally challenged persons [1046].
|
Anthrax
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Infected patients do not generally pose a transmission risk.
|
Anthrax
Cutaneous
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Transmission through non-intact skin contact with draining lesions possible, therefore use Contact Precautions if large amount of uncontained drainage. Handwashing with soap and water preferable to use of waterless alcohol based antiseptics since alcohol does not have sporicidal activity [983].
|
Anthrax
Pulmonary
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Anthrax
Environmental: aerosolizable spore-containing powder or other substance
|
n/a |
Until environment completely decontaminated
|
Until decontamination of environment complete [203]. Wear respirator (N95 mask or PAPRs), protective clothing; decontaminate persons with powder on them (Notice to Readers: Occupational Health Guidelines for Remediation Workers at Bacillus anthracis-Contaminated Sites — United States, 2001–2002 )
Hand hygiene: Handwashing for 30-60 seconds with soap and water or 2% chlorhexidene gluconate after spore contact (alcohol handrubs inactive against spores [983].
Post-exposure prophylaxis following environmental exposure: 60 days of antimicrobials (either doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, or levofloxacin) and post-exposure vaccine under IND.
|
Antibiotic-associated colitis (see Clostridium difficile)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Arthropod-borne
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person except rarely by transfusion, and for West Nile virus by organ transplant, breastmilk or transplacentally [530, 1047]. Install screens in windows and doors in endemic areas.
Use DEET-containing mosquito repellants and clothing to cover extremities.
|
Ascariasis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Aspergillosis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Contact Precautions and Airborne if massive soft tissue infection with copious drainage and repeated irrigations required [154].
|
Avian influenza (see influenza, avian below)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
B
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Babesiosis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person except rarely by transfusion.
|
Blastomycosis, North American, cutaneous or pulmonary
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Botulism
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Bronchiolitis (see respiratory infections in infants and young children)
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness
|
Use mask according to Standard Precautions.
|
Brucellosis (undulant, Malta, Mediterranean fever)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person except rarely via banked spermatozoa and sexual contact [1048, 1049]. Provide antimicrobial prophylaxis following laboratory exposure [1050].
|
C
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Campylobacter gastroenteritis (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Candidiasis, all forms including mucocutaneous
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Cat-scratch fever (benign inoculation lymphoreticulosis)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Cellulitis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Chancroid (soft chancre) (H. ducreyi)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Transmitted sexually from person to person.
|
Chickenpox (see varicella)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Chlamydia trachomatis
Conjunctivitis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Chlamydia trachomatis
Genital (lymphogranuloma venereum)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Chlamydia trachomatis
Pneumonia (infants ≤3 mos. of age)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Chlamydia pneumoniae
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Outbreaks in institutionalized populations reported, rarely [1051, 1052].
|
Cholera (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Closed-cavity infection
Open drain in place; limited or minor drainage
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Contact Precautions if there is copious uncontained drainage.
|
Closed-cavity infection
No drain or closed drainage system in place
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Clostridium botulinum
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Clostridium difficile (see gastroenteritis, C. difficile)
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness
|
n/a |
Clostridium perfringens
Food poisoning
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Clostridium perfringens
Gas gangrene
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Transmission from person to person rare; one outbreak in a surgical setting reported [1053]. Use Contact Precautions if wound drainage is extensive.
|
Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)
Draining lesions
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person except under extraordinary circumstances because the infectious arthroconidial form of Coccidioides immitis is not produced in humans [1054].
|
Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)
Pneumonia
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person except under extraordinary circumstances, (e.g., inhalation of aerosolized tissue phase endospores during necropsy, transplantation of infected lung) because the infectious arthroconidial form of Coccidioides immitis is not produced in humans [1054, 1055].
|
Colorado tick fever
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person
|
Congenital rubella
|
Contact + Standard
|
Until 1 yr of age
|
Standard Precautions if nasopharyngeal and urine cultures repeatedly neg. after 3 mos. of age.
|
Conjunctivitis
Acute bacterial
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Conjunctivitis
Acute bacterial
Chlamydia
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Conjunctivitis
Acute bacterial
Gonococcal
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Conjunctivitis
Acute viral (acute hemorrhagic)
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness
|
Adenovirus most common; enterovirus 70 [1056], Coxsackie virus A24 [1057] also associated with community outbreaks. Highly contagious; outbreaks in eye clinics, pediatric and neonatal settings, institutional settings reported. Eye clinics should follow Standard Precautions when handling patients with conjunctivitis. Routine use of infection control measures in the handling of instruments and equipment will prevent the occurrence of outbreaks in this and other settings. [460, 814, 1058, 1059 461, 1060].
|
Corona virus associated with SARS (SARS-CoV) (see severe acute respiratory syndrome)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Coxsackie virus disease (see enteroviral infection)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD, vCJD)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use disposable instruments or special sterilization/disinfection for surfaces, objects contaminated with neural tissue if CJD or vCJD suspected and has not been R/O; No special burial procedures. [1061]
|
n/a | n/a | n/a | |
Crimean-Congo Fever (see Viral Hemorrhagic Fever)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Cryptococcosis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person, except rarely via tissue and corneal transplant. [1062, 1063]
|
Cryptosporidiosis (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Cysticercosis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Cytomegalovirus infection, including in neonates and immunosuppressed patients
|
Standard
|
n/a |
No additional precautions for pregnant HCWs.
|
D
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Decubitus ulcer (see Pressure ulcer)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Dengue fever
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Diarrhea, acute-infective etiology suspected (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Diphtheria
Cutaneous
|
Contact + Standard
|
Until off antimicrobial treatment and culture-negative
|
Until 2 cultures taken 24 hours apart negative.
|
Diphtheria
Pharyngeal
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until off antimicrobial treatment and culture-negative
|
Until 2 cultures taken 24 hours apart negativ.e
|
E
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Ebola virus (see viral hemorrhagic fevers)
|
n/a | n/a | Ebola Virus Disease for Healthcare Workers [2014] Update: Recommendations for healthcare workers can be found at Ebola: U.S. Healthcare Workers and Settings. |
Echinococcosis (hydatidosis)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Echovirus (see enteroviral infection)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Encephalitis or encephalomyelitis (see specific etiologic agents)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Endometritis (endomyometritis)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Enterobiasis (pinworm disease, oxyuriasis)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Enterococcus species (see multidrug-resistant organisms if epidemiologically significant or vancomycin resistant)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Enterocolitis, C. difficile (see C. difficile, gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent children for duration of illness and to control institutional outbreaks.
|
|
Epiglottitis, due to Haemophilus influenzae type b
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
See specific disease agents for epiglottitis due to other etiologies.
|
Epstein-Barr virus infection, including infectious mononucleosis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Erythema infectiosum (also see Parvovirus B19)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Escherichia coli gastroenteritis (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
F
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Food poisoning
Botulism
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Food poisoning
C. perfringens or welchii
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Food poisoning
Staphylococcal
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Furunculosis, staphylococcal
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Contact if drainage not controlled. Follow institutional policies if MRSA.
|
Furunculosis, staphylococcal
Infants and young children
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
n/a |
G
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Gangrene (gas gangrene)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Gastroenteritis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks for gastroenteritis caused by all of the agents below.
|
Gastroenteritis
Adenovirus
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
Campylobacter species
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
C. difficile
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness
|
Discontinue antibiotics if appropriate. Do not share electronic thermometers; [853, 854] ensure consistent environmental cleaning and disinfection. Hypochlorite solutions may be required for cleaning if transmission continues [847]. Handwashing with soap and water preferred because of the absence of sporicidal activity of alcohol in waterless antiseptic handrubs [983].
|
Gastroenteritis
Cryptosporidium species
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
E. coli
Enteropathogenic O157:H7 and other shiga toxin-producing strains
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
E. coli
Other species
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
Giardia lamblia
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
Noroviruses
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks. Persons who clean areas heavily contaminated with feces or vomitus may benefit from wearing masks since virus can be aerosolized from these body substances [142, 147 148]; ensure consistent environmental cleaning and disinfection with focus on restrooms even when apparently unsoiled [273, 1064]). Hypochlorite solutions may be required when there is continued transmission [290-292]. Alcohol is less active, but there is no evidence that alcohol antiseptic handrubs are not effective for hand decontamination [294]. Cohorting of affected patients to separate airspaces and toilet facilities may help interrupt transmission during outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness
|
Ensure consistent environmental cleaning and disinfection and frequent removal of soiled diapers. Prolonged shedding may occur in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised children and the elderly [932, 933].
|
Gastroenteritis
Salmonella species (including S. typhi)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
Shigella species (Bacillary dysentery)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
Gastroenteritis
Viral (if not covered elsewhere)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks
|
Gastroenteritis
Yersinia enterocolitica
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent persons for the duration of illness or to control institutional outbreaks.
|
German measles (see rubella; see congenital rubella)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Giardiasis (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (gonorrheal ophthalmia, acute conjunctivitis of newborn)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Gonorrhea
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis, granuloma venereum)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Guillain-Barre’ syndrome
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not an infectious condition.
|
H
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Haemophilus influenzae (see disease-specific recommendations)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (see enteroviral infection)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Hansen’s Disease (see Leprosy)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Helicobacter pylori
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Hepatitis, viral
Type A
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Provide hepatitis A vaccine post-exposure as recommended. [1065]
|
Hepatitis, viral
Type A-Diapered or incontinent patients
|
Contact + Standard
|
n/a |
Maintain Contact Precautions in infants and children <3 years of age for duration of hospitalization; for children 3-14 yrs. of age for 2 weeks after onset of symptoms; >14 yrs. of age for 1 week after onset of symptoms [833, 1066, 1067].
|
Hepatitis, viral
Type B-HBsAg positive; acute or chronic
|
Standard
|
n/a |
See specific recommendations for care of patients in hemodialysis centers. [778]
|
Hepatitis, viral
Type C and other unspecified non-A, non-B
|
Standard
|
n/a |
See specific recommendations for care of patients in hemodialysis centers. [778]
|
Hepatitis, viral
Type D (seen only with hepatitis B)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Hepatitis, viral
Type E
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent individuals for the duration of illness. [1068]
|
Hepatitis, viral
Type G
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Herpangina (see enteroviral infection)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Hookworm
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Herpes simplex (Herpesvirus hominis)
Encephalitis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Herpes simplex (Herpesvirus hominis)
Mucocutaneous, disseminated or primary, severe
|
Contact + Standard
|
Until lesions dry and crusted
|
n/a |
Herpes simplex (Herpesvirus hominis)
Mucocutaneous, recurrent (skin, oral, genital)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Herpes simplex (Herpesvirus hominis)
Neonatal
|
Contact + Standard
|
Until lesions dry and crusted
|
Also, for asymptomatic, exposed infants delivered vaginally or by C-section and if mother has active infection and membranes have been ruptured for more than 4 to 6 hours until infant surface cultures obtained at 24-36 hours. of age negative after 48 hours incubation. [1069, 1070]
|
Herpes zoster (varicella-zoster) (shingles)
Disseminated disease in any patient
Localized disease in immunocompromised patient until disseminated infection ruled out
|
Airborne + Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness
|
Susceptible HCWs should not enter room if immune caregivers are available; no recommendation for protection of immune HCWs; no recommendation for type of protection, i.e. surgical mask or respirator; for susceptible HCWs.
|
Herpes zoster (varicella-zoster) (shingles)
Localized in patient with intact immune system with lesions that can be contained/covered
|
Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
Susceptible HCWs should not provide direct patient care when other immune caregivers are available.
|
Histoplasmosis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Post-exposure chemoprophylaxis for some blood exposures [866].
|
Human metapneumovirus
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
HAI reported [1071], but route of transmission not established [823]. Assumed to be Contact transmission as for RSV since the viruses are closely related and have similar clinical manifestations and epidemiology. Wear masks according to Standard Precautions.
|
I
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Impetigo
|
Contact + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
n/a |
Infectious mononucleosis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Influenza
Human (seasonal Influenza)
|
n/a | n/a |
See Prevention Strategies for Seasonal Influenza in Healthcare Settings [Current version of this document may differ from original.] for current seasonal influenza guidance.
|
Influenza
Avian (e.g., H5N1, H7, H9 strains)
|
n/a | n/a |
See [This link is no longer active: www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/professional/infect-control.htm. Similar information may be found at Interim Guidance for Infection Control Within Healthcare Settings When Caring for Confirmed Cases, Probable Cases, and Cases Under Investigation for Infection with Novel Influenza A Viruses Associated with Severe Disease, accessed May 2016.] for current avian Influenza guidance.
|
Influenza
Pandemic Influenza (also a human Influenza virus)
|
Droplet
|
n/a |
See [This link is no longer active: http://www.pandemicflu.gov. Similar information may be found at Interim Guidance for Infection Control Within Healthcare Settings When Caring for Confirmed Cases, Probable Cases, and Cases Under Investigation for Infection with Novel Influenza A Viruses Associated with Severe Disease, accessed May 2016.] for current pandemic Influenza guidance.
|
K
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Kawasaki syndrome
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not an infectious condition.
|
L
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Lassa fever (see viral hemorrhagic fevers)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Legionnaires’ disease
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Leprosy
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Leptospirosis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person
|
Lice
Head (pediculosis)
|
Contact + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
See [This link is no longer active: https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/lice/default.htm. Similar information may be found at CDC’s Parasites – Lice, accessed May 2016.]
|
Lice
Body
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Transmitted person to person through infested clothing. Wear gown and gloves when removing clothing; bag and wash clothes according to CDC guidance Parasites – Lice.
|
Lice
Pubic
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Transmitted person to person through sexual contact. See CDC’s Parasites – Lice.
|
Listeriosis (listeria monocytogenes)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Person-to-person transmission rare; cross-transmission in neonatal settings reported. [1072, 1073 1074, 1075]
|
Lyme disease
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Lymphogranuloma venereum
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
M
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Malaria
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person except through transfusion rarely and through a failure to follow Standard Precautions during patient care. [1076-1079] Install screens in windows and doors in endemic areas. Use DEET- containing mosquito repellants and clothing to cover extremities.
|
Marburg virus disease (see viral hemorrhagic fevers)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Measles (rubeola)
|
Airborne + Standard
|
4 days after onset of rash; duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining) in immune compromised
|
Measles [November 2011] Update: Recommendations for healthcare workers can be found at Immunization of Healthcare Personnel: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) [PDF - 705 KB].
Susceptible HCWs should not enter room if immune care providers are available; no recommendation for face protection for immune HCW; no recommendation for type of face protection for susceptible HCWs, i.e., mask or respirator [1027, 1028]. For exposed susceptibles, post- exposure vaccine within 72 hours or immune globulin within 6 days when available [17, 1032, 1034]. Place exposed susceptible patients on Airborne Precautions and exclude susceptible healthcare personnel. |
Melioidosis, all forms
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Meningitis
Aseptic (nonbacterial or viral; also see enteroviral infections)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Contact for infants and young children.
|
Meningitis
Bacterial, gram-negative enteric, in neonates
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Meningitis
Fungal
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Meningitis
Haemophilus Influenzae, type b known or suspected
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
n/a |
Meningitis
Listeria monocytogenes (See Listeriosis)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal) known or suspected
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
See meningococcal disease below.
|
Meningitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Meningitis
M. tuberculosis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Concurrent, active pulmonary disease or draining cutaneous lesions may necessitate addition of Contact and/or Airborne; For children, Airborne Precautions until active tuberculosis ruled out in visiting family members (see tuberculosis below). [42]
|
Meningitis
Other diagnosed bacterial
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Meningococcal disease: sepsis, pneumonia, Meningitis
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
Postexposure chemoprophylaxis for household contacts, HCWs exposed to respiratory secretions; postexposure vaccine only to control outbreaks. [15, 17]
|
Molluscum contagiosum
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Monkeypox
|
Airborne + Contact + Standard
|
Airborne-Until monkeypox confirmed and smallpox excluded
Contact-Until lesions crusted |
See CDC’s Monkeypox website [Current version of this document may differ from original.] for most current recommendations. Transmission in hospital settings unlikely [269]. Pre- and post-exposure smallpox vaccine recommended for exposed HCWs.
|
Mucormycosis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), infection or colonization (e.g., MRSA, VRE, VISA/VRSA, ESBLs, resistant S. pneumoniae)
|
Contact + Standard
|
n/a |
MDROs judged by the infection control program, based on local, state, regional, or national recommendations, to be of clinical and epidemiologic significance. Contact Precautions recommended in settings with evidence of ongoing transmission, acute care settings with increased risk for transmission or wounds that cannot be contained by dressings. See recommendations for management options in Management of Multidrug- Resistant Organisms In Healthcare Settings, 2006 [870]. Contact state health department for guidance regarding new or emerging MDRO.
|
Mumps (infectious parotitis)
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 9 days
|
After onset of swelling; susceptible HCWs should not provide care if immune caregivers are available.
Note: (Recent assessment of outbreaks in healthy 18-24 year olds has indicated that salivary viral shedding occurred early in the course of illness and that 5 days of isolation after onset of parotitis may be appropriate in community settings; however the implications for healthcare personnel and high-risk patient populations remain to be clarified.)
|
Mycobacteria, nontuberculosis (atypical)
|
n/a | n/a |
Not transmitted person-to-person.
|
Mycobacteria, nontuberculosis (atypical)
Pulmonary
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/ |
Mycobacteria, nontuberculosis (atypical)
Wound
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Mycoplasma pneumonia
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Duration of Illness
|
n/a |
N
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Necrotizing enterocolitis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Contact Precautions when cases clustered temporally [1080-1083].
|
Nocardiosis, draining lesions, or other presentations
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted person-to-person.
|
Norovirus (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Norwalk agent Gastroenteritis (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
O
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Orf
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
P
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Parainfluenza virus infection, respiratory in infants and young children
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness
|
Viral shedding may be prolonged in immunosuppressed patients [1009, 1010]. Reliability of antigentesting to determine when to remove patients with prolonged hospitalizations from Contact Precautions uncertain.
|
Parvovirus B19 (Erythema infectiosum)
|
Droplet + Standard
|
n/a |
Maintain precautions for duration of hospitalization when chronic disease occurs in an immunocompromised patient. For patients with transient aplastic crisis or red-cell crisis, maintain precautions for 7 days. Duration of precautions for immunosuppressed patients with persistently positive PCR not defined, but transmission has occurred [929].
|
Pediculosis (Lice)
|
Contact + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy after treatment
|
n/a |
Pertussis (whooping cough)
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 5 days
|
Single patient room preferred. Cohorting an option. Post-exposure chemoprophylaxis for household contacts and HCWs with prolonged exposure to respiratory secretions [863]. Recommendations for Tdap vaccine in adults under development.
|
Pinworm infection (Enterobiasis)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Bubonic
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Pneumonic
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 48 hours
|
Antimicrobial prophylaxis for exposed HCW [207].
|
Pneumonia
Adenovirus
|
Droplet + Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness
|
Outbreaks in pediatric and institutional settings reported [376, 1084-1086]. In immunocompromised hosts, extend duration of Droplet and Contact Precautions due to prolonged shedding of virus. [931]
|
Pneumonia
Bacterial not listed elsewhere (including gram-negative bacterial)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Pneumonia
B. cepacia in patients with CF, including respiratory tract colonization
|
Contact + Standard
|
Unknown
|
Avoid exposure to other persons with CF; private room preferred. Criteria for D/C precautions not established. See CF Foundation guideline. [20]
|
Pneumonia
B. cepacia in patients without CF (see multidrug- resistant organisms)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Pneumonia
Chlamydia
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Pneumonia
Fungal
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae, type b
Adults
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae, type b
Infants and children
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
n/a |
Pneumonia
Legionella spp.
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Pneumonia .
Meningococcal
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
See meningococcal disease above.
|
Pneumonia
Multidrug-resistant bacterial (see multidrug-resistant organisms)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Pneumonia
Mycoplasma (primary atypical Pneumonia)
|
Droplet
|
Duration of illness
|
n/a |
Pneumonia
Pneumococcal pneumonia
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Droplet Precautions if evidence of transmission within a patient care unit or facility. [196-198, 1087]
|
Pneumonia
Pneumocystis jiroveci (Pneumocystis carinii)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Avoid placement in the same room with an immunocompromised patient.
|
Pneumonia
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Standard
|
n/a |
For MRSA, see MDROs.
|
Pneumonia
Streptococcus, group A
Adults
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
See streptococcal disease (group A streptococcus) below
Contact precautions if skin lesions present. |
Pneumonia
Streptococcus, group A
Infants and young children
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
Contact Precautions if skin lesions present.
|
Pneumonia
Varicella-zoster (See Varicella-Zoster)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Pneumonia
Viral
Adults
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Pneumonia
Viral
Infants and young children (see respiratory infectious disease, acute, or specific viral agent)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Poliomyelitis
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
n/a |
Pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer, pressure sore) infected
Major
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
If no dressing or containment of drainage; until drainage stops or can be contained by dressing.
|
Pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer, pressure sore) infected
Minor or limited
|
Standard
|
n/a |
If dressing covers and contains drainage.
|
Prion disease (See Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Psittacosis (ornithosis) (Chlamydia psittaci)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to perso.n
|
Q
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Q fever
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
R
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Rabies
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Person to person transmission rare; transmission via corneal, tissue and organ transplants has been reported [539, 1088]. If patient has bitten another individual or saliva has contaminated an open wound or mucous membrane, wash exposed area thoroughly and administer postexposure prophylaxis. [1089]
|
Rat-bite fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis disease, Spirillum minus disease)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Relapsing fever
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Resistant bacterial infection or colonization (see multidrug-resistant organisms)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Respiratory infectious disease, acute (if not covered elsewhere)
Adults
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Respiratory infectious disease, acute (if not covered elsewhere)
Infants and young children
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
Also see syndromes or conditions listed in Table 2.
|
Respiratory syncytial virus infection, in infants, young children and immunocompromised adults
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
Wear mask according to Standard Precautions [24] CB [116, 117]. In immunocompromised patients, extend the duration of Contact Precautions due to prolonged shedding [928]). Reliability of antigen testing to determine when to remove patients with prolonged hospitalizations from Contact Precautions uncertain.
|
Reye’s syndrome
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not an infectious condition.
|
Rheumatic fever
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not an infectious condition.
|
Rhinovirus
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
Droplet most important route of transmission [104 1090]. Outbreaks have occurred in NICUs and LTCFs [413, 1091, 1092]. Add Contact Precautions if copious moist secretions and close contact likely to occur (e.g., young infants) [111, 833].
|
Rickettsial fevers, tickborne (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tickborne Typhus fever)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person except through transfusion, rarely.
|
Rickettsialpox (vesicular rickettsiosis)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Ringworm (dermatophytosis, dermatomycosis, tinea)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Rarely, outbreaks have occurred in healthcare settings, (e.g., NICU [1093], rehabilitation hospital [1094]. Use Contact Precautions for outbreak.
|
Ritter’s disease (staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome)
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
|
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person except through transfusion,
rarely.
|
Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum; caused by HHV-6)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Rotavirus infection (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Rubella (German measles) ( also see congenital rubella)
|
Droplet + Standard
|
Until 7 days after onset of rash
|
Susceptible HCWs should not enter room if immune caregivers are available. No recommendation for wearing face protection (e.g., a surgical mask) if immune. Pregnant women who are not immune should not care for these patients [17, 33]. Administer vaccine within three days of exposure to non-pregnant susceptible individuals. Place exposed susceptible patients on Droplet Precautions; exclude susceptible healthcare personnel from duty from day 5 after first exposure to day 21 after last exposure, regardless of post-exposure vaccine.
|
Rubeola (see measles)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Salmonellosis (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
S
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Scabies
|
Contact
|
Until 24
|
n/a |
Scalded skin syndrome, staphylococcal
|
Contact
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
|
Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
|
Airborne + Droplet + Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining) plus 10 days after resolution of fever, provided respiratory symptoms are absent or improving
|
Airborne preferred; D if AIIR unavailable. N95 or higher respiratory protection; surgical mask if N95 unavailable; eye protection (goggles, face shield); aerosol-generating procedures and “supershedders” highest risk for transmission via small droplet nuclei and large droplets [93, 94, 96]. Vigilant environmental disinfection (see [This link is no longer active: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars. Similar information may be found at CDC Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), accessed May 2016.])
|
Shigellosis (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Smallpox (variola; see Vaccinia for management of vaccinated persons)
|
Airborne + Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
Until all scabs have crusted and separated (3-4 weeks). Non-vaccinated HCWs should not provide care when immune HCWs are available; N95 or higher respiratory protection for susceptible and successfully vaccinated individuals; postexposure vaccine within 4 days of exposure protective [108, 129, 1038-1040].
|
Sporotrichosis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Spirillum minor disease (rat-bite fever)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Staphylococcal disease (S aureus)
Skin, wound, or burn
Major
|
Contact
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
No dressing or dressing does not contain drainage adequately.
|
Staphylococcal disease (S aureus)
Skin, wound, or burn
Minor or limited
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Dressing covers and contains drainage adequately.
|
Staphylococcal disease (S aureus)
Enterocolitis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions for diapered or incontinent children for duration of illness.
|
Staphylococcal disease (S aureus)
Multidrug-resistant (see multidrug-resistant organisms)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Staphylococcal disease (S aureus)
Pneumonia
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Staphylococcal disease (S aureus)
Scalded skin syndrome
|
Contact
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
Consider healthcare personnel as potential source of nursery, NICU outbreak [1095].
|
Staphylococcal disease (S aureus)
Toxic shock syndrome
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Streptobacillus moniliformis disease (rat-bite fever)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Streptococcal disease (group A streptococcus)
Skin, wound, or burn
Major
|
Contact + Droplet + Standard
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
No dressing or dressing does not contain drainage adequately.
|
Streptococcal disease (group A streptococcus)
Skin, wound, or burn
Minor or limited
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Dressing covers and contains drainage adequately.
|
Streptococcal disease (group A streptococcus)
Endometritis (puerperal sepsis)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Streptococcal disease (group A streptococcus)
Pharyngitis in infants and young children
|
Droplet
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
n/a |
Streptococcal disease (group A streptococcus)
Pneumonia
|
Droplet
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
n/a |
Streptococcal disease (group A streptococcus)
Scarlet fever in infants and young children
|
Droplet
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
n/a |
Streptococcal disease (group A streptococcus)
Serious invasive disease
|
Droplet
|
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
|
Outbreaks of serious invasive disease have occurred secondary to transmission among patients and healthcare personnel [162, 972, 1096-1098]
Contact Precautions for draining wound as above; follow rec. for antimicrobial prophylaxis in selected conditions [160]. |
Streptococcal disease (group B streptococcus), neonatal
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Streptococcal disease (not group A or B) unless covered elsewhere
Multidrug-resistant (see multidrug-resistant organisms)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Strongyloidiasis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Syphilis
Latent (tertiary) and seropositivity without lesions
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Syphilis
Skin and mucous membrane, including congenital, primary, Secondary
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
T
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Tapeworm disease
Hymenolepis nana
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Tapeworm disease
Taenia solium (pork)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Tapeworm disease
Other
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Tetanus
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Tinea (e.g., dermatophytosis, dermatomycosis, ringworm)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Rare episodes of person-to-person transmission.
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Transmission from person to person is rare; vertical transmission from mother to child, transmission through organs and blood transfusion rare.
|
Toxic shock syndrome (staphylococcal disease, streptococcal disease)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Droplet Precautions for the first 24 hours after implementation of antibiotic therapy if Group A streptococcus is a likely etiology.
|
Trachoma, acute
|
Standard
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (see Creutzfeld-Jacob disease, CJD, vCJD)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Trench mouth (Vincent’s angina)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Trichinosis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Trichomoniasis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Trichuriasis (whipworm disease)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)
Extrapulmonary, draining lesion
|
Airborne + Contact + Standard
|
n/a |
Discontinue precautions only when patient is improving clinically, and drainage has ceased or there are three consecutive negative cultures of continued drainage [1025, 1026]. Examine for evidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis.
|
Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)
Extrapulmonary, no draining lesion, Meningitis
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Examine for evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. For infants and children, use Airborne until active pulmonary tuberculosis in visiting family members ruled out. [42]
|
Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)
Pulmonary or laryngeal disease, confirmed
|
Airborne
|
n/a |
Discontinue precautions only when patient on effective therapy is improving clinically and has three consecutive sputum smears negative for acid-fast bacilli collected on separate days (MMWR 2005; 54: RR-17 Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, 2005) [12].
|
Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)
Pulmonary or laryngeal disease, suspected
|
Airborne
|
n/a |
Discontinue precautions only when the likelihood of infectious TB disease is deemed negligible, and either
|
Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)
Skin-test positive with no evidence of current active disease
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Tularemia
Draining lesion
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Tularemia
Pulmonary
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
Typhoid (Salmonella typhi) fever (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii (Epidemic or Louse-borne Typhus)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Transmitted from person to person through close personal or clothing contact.
|
Typhus
Rickettsia typhi
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted from person to person.
|
U
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Urinary tract infection (including pyelonephritis), with or without urinary catheter
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
V
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Vaccinia
|
n/a | n/a |
Only vaccinated HCWs have contact with active vaccination sites and care for persons with adverse vaccinia events; if unvaccinated, only
HCWs without contraindications to vaccine may provide care.
|
Vaccinia
Vaccination site care (including autoinoculated areas)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Vaccination recommended for vaccinators; for newly vaccinated HCWs: semi-permeable dressing over gauze until scab separates, with dressing change as fluid accumulates, ~3-5 days; gloves, hand hygiene for dressing change; vaccinated HCW or HCW without contraindication to vaccine for dressing changes. [205, 221, 225].
|
Vaccinia (adverse events following vaccination)
Eczema vaccinatum
|
Contact
|
Until lesions dry and crusted, scabs separated
|
For contact with virus-containing lesions and exudative material.
|
Vaccinia (adverse events following vaccination)
Fetal vaccinia
|
Contact
|
Until lesions dry and crusted, scabs separated
|
For contact with virus-containing lesions and exudative material.
|
Vaccinia (adverse events following vaccination)
Generalized vaccinia
|
Contact
|
Until lesions dry and crusted, scabs separated
|
For contact with virus-containing lesions and exudative material.
|
Vaccinia (adverse events following vaccination)
Progressive vaccinia
|
Contact
|
For contact with virus-containing lesions and exudative material.
|
|
Vaccinia (adverse events following vaccination)
PostVaccinia encephalitis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Vaccinia (adverse events following vaccination)
Blepharitis or conjunctivitis
|
Contact + Standard
|
n/a |
Use Contact Precautions if there is copious drainage.
|
Vaccinia (adverse events following vaccination)
Iritis or keratitis
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Vaccinia (adverse events following vaccination)
Vaccinia-associated erythema multiforme (Stevens Johnson Syndrome)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not an infectious condition.
|
Vaccinia (adverse events following vaccination)
Secondary bacterial infection (e.g., S. aureus, group A beta hemolytic streptococcus)
|
Standard + Contact
|
n/a |
Follow organism-specific (strep, staph most frequent) recommendations and consider magnitude of drainage.
|
Varicella Zoster
|
Airborne + Contact + Standard
|
Until lesions dry and crusted
|
Susceptible HCWs should not enter room if immune caregivers are available; no recommendation for face protection of immune HCWs; no recommendation for type of protection, i.e., surgical mask or respirator for susceptible HCWs. In immunocompromised host with varicella Pneumonia, prolong duration of precautions for duration of illness. Post- exposure prophylaxis: provide post-exposure vaccine ASAP but within 120 hours; for susceptible exposed persons for whom vaccine is contraindicated (immunocompromised persons, pregnant women, newborns whose mother’s varicella onset is <5days before delivery or within 48 hours after delivery) provide VZIG, when available, within 96 hours; if unavailable, use IVIG, Use Airborne for exposed susceptible persons and exclude exposed susceptible healthcare workers beginning 8 days after first exposure until 21 days after last exposure or 28 if received VZIG, regardless of postexposure vaccination. [1036]
|
Variola (see smallpox)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Vincent’s angina (trench mouth)
|
Standard
|
n/a | n/a |
Viral hemorrhagic fevers due to Lassa, Ebola, Marburg, Crimean-Congo fever viruses
|
Standard + Droplet + Contact
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
Single-patient room preferred. Emphasize:
Use N95 or higher respirators when performing aerosol-generating procedures. Largest viral load in final stages of illness when hemorrhage may occur; additional PPE, including double gloves, leg and shoe coverings may be used, especially in resource-limited settings where options for cleaning and laundry are limited. Notify public health officials immediately if Ebola is suspected [212, 314, 740, 772]. Also see Table 3 for Ebola as a bioterrorism agent.
Viral respiratory diseases (not covered elsewhere) Standard
Adults
|
W
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Whooping cough (see pertussis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Wound infections
Major
|
Contact + Standard
|
Duration of illness (with wound lesions, until wounds stop draining)
|
No dressing or dressing does not contain drainage adequately.
|
Wound infections
Minor or limited
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Dressing covers and contains drainage adequately.
|
Y
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Yersinia enterocolitica Gastroenteritis (see gastroenteritis)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Z
Infection/Condition | Type of Precaution | Duration of Precaution | Precautions/Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Zoster (varicella-zoster) (see herpes zoster)
|
n/a | n/a | n/a |
Zygomycosis (phycomycosis, mucormycosis)
|
Standard
|
n/a |
Not transmitted person-to-person.
|
- Page last reviewed: November 5, 2015
- Page last updated: April 10, 2017
- Content source: