Issue 10, October 05, 2009
- CDC-authored publications
- Key scientific articles in featured topic areas (this week featuring Communicable Diseases - 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1), Hospital Associated Infections, and Maternal and Child Health - Autistic Disorder)
- Public health articles noted in the media
The Knowledge to Action Science Clips is in the public domain and may be freely forwarded and reproduced without permission. The original sources and the CDC Knowledge to Action Science Clips should be cited as sources.
- CDC Authored Publications
The names of CDC authors are indicated in bold text.- Chronic Diseases and Conditions
- Burden of cardiovascular disease in Asia: big challenges and ample opportunities for action and making a difference
Hong Y.
Clin Chem. 2009 Aug;55(8):1450-2.
- Oral health needs among adults in the United States with chronic diseases
Griffin SO, Barker LK, Griffin PM, Cleveland JL, Kohn W.
J Am Dent Assoc. 2009 Oct;140(10):1266-74.
- Racial differences in self-reported pain and function among individuals with radiographic hip and knee osteoarthritis: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Allen KD, Helmick CG, Schwartz TA, DeVellis RF, Renner JB, Jordan JM.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009 Sep;17(9):1132-6.
- Burden of cardiovascular disease in Asia: big challenges and ample opportunities for action and making a difference
- Communicable Diseases
- Pandemic influenza preparedness and response among public-housing residents, single-parent families, and low-income populations
Bouye K, Truman BI, Hutchins S, Richard R, Brown C, Guillory JA, Rashid J.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S287-93.
- Preparing for and responding to pandemic influenza: implications for people with disabilities
Campbell VA, Gilyard JA, Sinclair L, Sternberg T, Kailes JI.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S294-300.
- Pandemic influenza: implications for programs controlling for HIV infection, tuberculosis, and chronic viral hepatitis
Heffelfinger JD, Patel P, Brooks JT, Calvet H, Daley CL, Dean HD, Edlin BR, Gensheimer KF, Jereb J, Kent CK, Lennox JL, Louie JK, Lynfield R, Peters PJ, Pinckney L, Spradling P, Voetsch AC, Fiore A.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S333-9.
- Protection of racial/ethnic minority populations during an influenza pandemic
Hutchins SS, Fiscella K, Levine RS, Ompad DC, McDonald M.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S261-70.
- Protecting vulnerable populations from pandemic influenza in the United States: a strategic imperative
Hutchins SS, Truman BI, Merlin TL, Redd SC.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S243-8.
- A primer on strategies for prevention and control of seasonal and pandemic influenza
Santibanez S, Fiore AE, Merlin TL, Redd S.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S216-24.
- Pandemic influenza planning: addressing the needs of children
Stevenson E, Barrios L, Cordell R, Delozier D, Gorman S, Koenig LJ, Odom E, Polder J, Randolph J, Shimabukuro T, Singleton C.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S255-60.
- A review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's response to the HIV/AIDS crisis among blacks in the United States, 1981-2009
Sutton MY, Jones RL, Wolitski RJ, Cleveland JC, Dean HD, Fenton KA.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S351-9.
- Estimating influenza-associated deaths in the United States
Thompson WW, Moore MR, Weintraub E, Cheng PY, Jin X, Bridges CB, Bresee JS, Shay DK.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S225-30.
- Cryptosporidiosis from a community swimming pool: outbreak investigation and follow-up study
Boehmer TK, Alden NB, Ghosh TS, Vogt RL.
Epidemiol Infect. 2009 Nov;137(11):1651-4.
- Expedited partner therapy for adolescents diagnosed with chlamydia or gonorrhea: a position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
Burstein GR, Eliscu A, Ford K, Hogben M, Chaffee T, Straub D, Shafii T, Huppert J.
J Adolesc Health. 2009 Sep;45(3):303-9.
- Respiratory protection against influenza
Srinivasan A, Perl TM.
JAMA. 2009 Oct 1.
- CDC and FDA response to risk of confusion in dosing Tamiflu oral suspension
Budnitz DS, Lewis LL, Shehab N, Birnkrant D.
N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 30.
- Cost-effectiveness of routine rapid human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing before DNA-PCR testing for early diagnosis of infants in resource-limited settings
Menzies NA, Homsy J, Pitter JY, Pitter C, Mermin J, Downing R, Finkbeiner T, Obonyo J, Kekitiinwa A, Tappero J, Blandford JM.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009 Sep;28(9):819-825.
- Two tuberculosis genotyping clusters, one preventable outbreak
Buff AM, Sosa LE, Hoopes AJ, Buxton-Morris D, Condren TB, Hadler JL, Haddad MB, Moonan PK, Lobato MN.
Public Health Rep. 2009 Jul-Aug;124(4):490-4.
- [Detection of mecA gene in oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from the saliva of nursing professionals]
Rosa Jde O, de Moura JP, Palos MA, Gir E, Reis C, Kipnis A, Canini SR, Belissimo-Rodrigues F, Pimenta FC.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2009 Jul-Aug;42(4):398-403.
- Screening for HSV-2 infection in STD clinics and beyond: a few answers but more questions
Douglas JM, Berman SM.
Sex Transm Dis. 2009 Oct 5.
- HPV 6/11, 16, 18 seroprevalence in men in two US cities
Dunne EF, Nielson CM, Hagensee ME, Papenfuss MR, Harris RB, Herrel N, Gourlie J, Abrahamsen M, Markowitz LE, Giuliano AR.
Sex Transm Dis. 2009 Oct 5.
- Chlamydia prevalence among women and men entering the National Job Training Program: United States, 2003-2007
Satterwhite CL, Tian LH, Braxton J, Weinstock H.
Sex Transm Dis. 2009 Oct 1.
- Pandemic influenza preparedness and response among public-housing residents, single-parent families, and low-income populations
- Environmental Health
- Variability of Burkholderia pseudomallei strain sensitivities to chlorine disinfection
O'Connell HA, Rose LJ, Shams A, Bradley M, Arduino MJ, Rice EW.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Aug;75(16):5405-9.
- Dead-end hollow-fiber ultrafiltration for recovery of diverse microbes from water
Smith CM, Hill VR.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Aug;75(16):5284-9.
- Ambient air pollution and preterm birth: a time-series analysis
Darrow LA, Klein M, Flanders WD, Waller LA, Correa A, Marcus M, Mulholland JA, Russell AG, Tolbert PE.
Epidemiology. 2009 Sep;20(5):689-98.
- Variability of Burkholderia pseudomallei strain sensitivities to chlorine disinfection
- Genetics and Genomics
- Novel human leukocyte antigen class I and class II alleles identified by sequence-based typing in the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) study population
Cordovado SK, Hancock LN, Hendrix M, Greene CN, Mueller PW.
Hum Immunol. 2009 Sep;70(9):747-9.
- Novel human leukocyte antigen class I and class II alleles identified by sequence-based typing in the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) study population
- Health Behavior and Risk
- Influenza vaccination attitudes and practices among US registered nurses
Clark SJ, Cowan AE, Wortley PM.
Am J Infect Control. 2009 Sep;37(7):551-6.
- Influenza vaccination attitudes and practices among US registered nurses
- Health Communication and Education
- A return-on-investment simulation model of workplace obesity interventions
Trogdon J, Finkelstein EA, Reyes M, Dietz WH.
J Occup Environ Med. 2009 Jul;51(7):751-8.
- A return-on-investment simulation model of workplace obesity interventions
- Healthcare Economics
- Trends in medical care expenditures of US adults with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions 1997 to 2005
Cisternas MG, Murphy LB, Yelin EH, Foreman AJ, Pasta DJ, Helmick CG.
J Rheumatol. 2009 Oct 1.
- Trends in medical care expenditures of US adults with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions 1997 to 2005
- Immunity and Immunization
- Support for universal childhood vaccination against influenza among private pediatric clinics and public health departments in Georgia
Pazol K, Prill MM, Gazmararian JA, O'Malley EM, Jelks D, Coleman MS, Hinman AR, Orenstein WA.
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2009 Sep-Oct;15(5):393-400.
- Evaluating the potential public health impact of a Staphylococcus aureus vaccine through use of population-based surveillance for invasive methicillin-resistant S. aureus disease in the United States
Lucero CA, Hageman J, Zell ER, Bulens S, Nadle J, Petit S, Gershman K, Ray S, Harrison LH, Lynfield R, Dumyati G, Townes JM, Schaffner W, Fridkin SK, Active Bacterial Core Surveillance MRSA Investigators.
Vaccine. 2009 Aug 13;27(37):5061-8.
- Support for universal childhood vaccination against influenza among private pediatric clinics and public health departments in Georgia
- Injury and Violence
- The effect of counting principal and secondary injuries on national estimates of motor vehicle-related trauma: a NEISS-AIP special study
Halpin J, Greenspan AI, Haileyesus T, Annest JL.
Inj Prev. 2009 Oct;15(5):328-33.
- The effect of counting principal and secondary injuries on national estimates of motor vehicle-related trauma: a NEISS-AIP special study
- Laboratory Sciences
- Development of a test system to evaluate decontamination procedures for viral droplets on respirators
Vo E, Rengasamy S, Shaffer R.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Oct 2.
- National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry laboratory medicine practice guidelines: follow-up testing for metabolic disease identified by expanded newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry; executive summary
Dietzen DJ, Rinaldo P, Whitley RJ, Rhead WJ, Hannon WH, Garg UC, Lo SF, Bennett MJ.
Clin Chem. 2009 Sep;55(9):1615-26.
- A simple methodology to analyze inter-laboratory data: a simulation study
Jain RB.
Clin Chim Acta. 2009 Sep 30.
- The impact of clinical laboratory improvement advisory committee recommendations on microbiology laboratories
Anderson NL, Bosse DC, Weissfeld AS.
Clin Microbiol Newsl. 2009 01;31(17):129-136.
- Prospective comparison of tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay for the detection of latent tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in a low-incidence setting
Cummings KJ, Smith TS, Shogren ES, Khakoo R, Nanda S, Bunner L, Smithmyer A, Soccorsi D, Kashon ML, Mazurek GH, Friedman LN, Weissman DN.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009 Nov;30(11):1123-6.
- Proteomic analysis of Rickettsia parkeri strain Portsmouth
Pornwiroon W, Bourchookarn A, Paddock CD, Macaluso KR.
Infect Immun. 2009 Sep 21.
- Evaluation of three commercial broth media for pigment detection and identification of group B streptococci (GBS), Streptococcus agalactiae
Carvalho MD, Facklam R, Jackson D, Beall B, McGee L.
J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Oct 7.
- Field evaluation of crystal VC Rapid Dipstick test for cholera during a cholera outbreak in Guinea-Bissau
Harris JR, Cavallaro EC, de Nobrega AA, Dos SB, Bopp C, Parsons MB, Djalo D, Fonseca FG, Ba U, Semedo A, Sobel J, Mintz ED.
Trop Med Int Health. 2009 Sep;14(9):1117-21.
- Preface
Mahy B.
Virus Research. 2009 August;143(2):139.
- Development of a test system to evaluate decontamination procedures for viral droplets on respirators
- Maternal and Child Health
- Association between prepregnancy body mass index and congenital heart defects
Gilboa SM, Correa A, Botto LD, Rasmussen SA, Waller DK, Hobbs CA, Cleves MA, Riehle-Colarusso TJ, National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Sep 29.
- Maternal body mass index and daughters' age at menarche
Keim SA, Branum AM, Klebanoff MA, Zemel BS.
Epidemiology. 2009 Sep;20(5):677-81.
- Hospitalization and mortality among primarily non-breastfed children during a large outbreak of diarrhea and malnutrition in Botswana, 2006
Creek TL, Kim A, Lu L, Bowen A, Masunge J, Arvelo W, Smit M, Mach O, Legwaila K, Motswere C, Zaks L, Finkbeiner T, Povinelli L, Maruping M, Ngwaru G, Tebele G, Bopp C, Puhr N, Johnston SP, Dasilva AJ, Bern C, Beard RS, Davis MK.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Oct 1.
- Breastfeeding, mother-to-child HIV transmission, and mortality among infants born to HIV-infected women on highly active antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda
Homsy J, Moore D, Barasa A, Were W, Likicho C, Waiswa B, Downing R, Malamba S, Tappero J, Mermin J.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Sep 30.
- Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) epidemiology and awareness
Cannon MJ.
J Clin Virol. 2009 Oct 1.
- Prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among children in the US, 2007
Kogan MD, Blumberg SJ, Schieve LA, Boyle CA, Perrin JM, Ghandour RM, Singh GK, Strickland BB, Trevathan E, van Dyck PC.
Pediatrics. 2009 Oct 5.
- Association between prepregnancy body mass index and congenital heart defects
- Nutritional Sciences
- Distributing free fresh fruit and vegetables at school: results of a pilot outcome evaluation
Coyle KK, Potter S, Schneider D, May G, Robin LE, Seymour J, Debrot K.
Public Health Rep. 2009 Sep-Oct;124(5):660-9.
- Distributing free fresh fruit and vegetables at school: results of a pilot outcome evaluation
- Occupational Safety and Health
- Occupational health crossing borders - part 1: concept, teaching methods, and user evaluation of the first international summer school in Munich, Germany
Radon K, Ehrenstein V, Bigaignon-Cantineau J, Vellore AD, Fingerhut M, Nowak D, Occupational Health Crossing Borders Summer School.
Am J Ind Med. 2009 Oct;52(10):774-81.
- Protecting home health care workers: a challenge to pandemic influenza preparedness planning
Baron S, McPhaul K, Phillips S, Gershon R, Lipscomb J.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S301-7.
- Pandemic influenza and farmworkers: the effects of employment, social, and economic factors
Steege AL, Baron S, Davis S, Torres-Kilgore J, Sweeney MH.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S308-15.
- Evaluation of five decontamination methods for filtering facepiece respirators
Viscusi DJ, Bergman MS, Eimer BC, Shaffer RE.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2009 Oct 4.
- Checklist for silica dust inspections
Mulhern B, Rice F.
Hard Hat News. 2009 Jul:1.
- Worker safety is an important consideration on green projects
Lentz TJ, Moore P, Cierpich H, Harrison R, Styles L, Rogge J.
Metalmag. 2009 Oct;10(8):56-61.
- SAFETY PRO: Beware of the air: reduce your workers' risk of exposure to silica dust
Mulhern B, Rice F.
PRO Magazine. 2009 Sep;21(7):25-26.
- Occupational health crossing borders - part 1: concept, teaching methods, and user evaluation of the first international summer school in Munich, Germany
- Occupational Safety and Health - Mining
- Analysis of applied forces and electromyography of back and shoulders muscles when performing a simulated hand scaling task
Porter W, Gallagher S, Torma-Krajewski J.
Appl Ergon. 2009 Sep 30.
- Technological aspects of solid-state and incandescent sources for miner cap lamps
Sammarco JJ, Freyssinier JP, Bullough JD, Zhang X, Reyes MA.
IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.. 2009 Sep-Oct;45(5):1583-1588.
- External L5-S1 joint moments when lifting wire mesh screen used to prevent rock falls in underground mines
Gallagher S, Kotowski S, Davis KG, Mark C, Compton CS, Huston RL, Connelly J.
Int. J. Ind. Ergon.. 2009 Sep;39(5):828-834.
- Analysis of applied forces and electromyography of back and shoulders muscles when performing a simulated hand scaling task
- Public Health, General
- Estimates of body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in adults
Li C, Ford ES, Zhao G, Balluz LS, Giles WH.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct 7.
- Accountability: the fast lane on the highway to change
Beitsch LM, Corso LC.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Sep;99(9):1545.
- Estimates of body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in adults
- Zoonoses
- Subversion of interferon by dengue virus
Munoz-Jordan JL.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2009 ;338:35-44.
- Subversion of interferon by dengue virus
- Chronic Diseases and Conditions
- Key Scientific Articles in Featured Topic Areas
- Communicable Diseases - 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)
- Changes in prescribing of antiviral medications for influenza associated with new treatment guidelines
Hersh AL, Maselli JH, Cabana MD.
Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S362-4.
- Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of vaccination against pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009
Khazeni N, Hutton DW, Garber AM, Hupert N, Owens DK.
Ann Intern Med. 2009 Oct 5.
- Initial psychological responses to influenza A, H1N1 ("swine flu")
Goodwin R, Haque S, Neto F, Myers LB.
BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Oct 6;9(1):166.
- Partial protection of seasonal trivalent inactivated vaccine against novel pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009: case-control study in Mexico City
Garcia-Garcia L, Valdespino-Gomez JL, Lazcano-Ponce E, Jimenez-Corona A, Higuera-Iglesias A, Cruz-Hervert P, Cano-Arellano B, Garcia-Anaya A, Ferreira-Guerrero E, Baez-Saldana R, Ferreyra-Reyes L, Ponce-de-Leon-Rosales S, Alpuche-Aranda C, Rodriguez-Lopez MH, Perez-Padilla R, Hernandez-Avila M.
BMJ. 2009 ;339:b3928.
- A/H1N1 and other viruses affecting cystic fibrosis
Whitaker P, Etherington C, Denton M, Conway S, Peckham D.
BMJ. 2009 ;339:b3958.
- Pandemic flu: lessons from the Toronto SARS outbreak
Summers A.
Emerg Nurse. 2009 Sep;17(5):16-9.
- Changes in prescribing of antiviral medications for influenza associated with new treatment guidelines
- Healthcare Associated Infections
- Proposed checklist of hospital interventions to decrease the incidence of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection
Abbett SK, Yokoe DS, Lipsitz SR, Bader AM, Berry WR, Tamplin EM, Gawande AA.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009 Nov;30(11):1062-9.
- Prevention of bloodstream infections by use of daily chlorhexidine baths for patients at a long-term acute care hospital
Munoz-Price LS, Hota B, Stemer A, Weinstein RA.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009 Nov;30(11):1031-5.
- Developing a risk stratification model for surgical site infection after abdominal hysterectomy
Olsen MA, Higham-Kessler J, Yokoe DS, Butler AM, Vostok J, Stevenson KB, Khan Y, Fraser VJ.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009 Nov;30(11):1077-83.
- Surgical mask vs N95 respirator for preventing influenza among health care workers: a randomized trial
Loeb M, Dafoe N, Mahony J, John M, Sarabia A, Glavin V, Webby R, Smieja M, Earn DJ, Chong S, Webb A, Walter SD.
JAMA. 2009 Oct 1.
- Respiratory protection against influenza
Srinivasan A, Perl TM.
JAMA. 2009 Oct 1.
- Proposed checklist of hospital interventions to decrease the incidence of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection
- Maternal and Child Health - Autistic Disorder
- Neuroanatomical differences in brain areas implicated in perceptual and other core features of autism revealed by cortical thickness analysis and voxel-based morphometry
Hyde KL, Samson F, Evans AC, Mottron L.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Sep 29.
- A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of fixed-dose aripiprazole in children and adolescents with autistic disorder
Marcus RN, Owen R, Kamen L, Manos G, McQuade RD, Carson WH, Aman MG.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 Sep 30.
- Decreased cellular IL-23 but not IL-17 production in children with autism spectrum disorders
Onore C, Enstrom A, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen R, de Water JV, Ashwood P.
J Neuroimmunol. 2009 Oct 1.
- Behavior predictors of language development over 2 years in children with autism spectrum disorders
Bopp KD, Mirenda P, Zumbo BD.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009 Oct;52(5):1106-20.
- A genome-wide linkage and association scan reveals novel loci for autism
Weiss LA, Arking DE, Daly MJ, Chakravarti A, Brune CW, West K, O'Connor A, et al.
Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):802-808.
- Neuroanatomical differences in brain areas implicated in perceptual and other core features of autism revealed by cortical thickness analysis and voxel-based morphometry
- Communicable Diseases - 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)
- Public Health Articles Noted in the Media
- MMWR in the Media
- Availability of less nutritious snack foods and beverages in secondary schools - selected states, 2002-2008
MMWR. 2009 Oct 9;58(39):1102-1104.
- Influenza vaccination coverage among children and adults - United States, 2008-09 influenza season
MMWR. 2009 Oct 9;58(39):1091-95.
- Norovirus outbreaks on three college campuses - California, Michigan, and Wisconsin, 2008
MMWR. 2009 Oct 9;58(39):1095-1100.
- Availability of less nutritious snack foods and beverages in secondary schools - selected states, 2002-2008
- Chronic Diseases and Conditions
- The effect of regular exercise on quality of life among breast cancer survivors
Chen X, Zheng Y, Zheng W, Gu K, Chen Z, Lu W, Shu XO.
Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Oct 1;170(7):854-62.
- Lingering prenatal effects of the 1918 influenza pandemic on cardiovascular disease
Mazumder B, Almond D, Park K, Crimmins E, Finch C.
J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2009 Oct 8.
- The effect of regular exercise on quality of life among breast cancer survivors
- Communicable Diseases
- Critical care services and 2009 H1N1 influenza in Australia and New Zealand
Influenza investigators ANZIC .
N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 8;361(20):1925-34.
- Critical care services and 2009 H1N1 influenza in Australia and New Zealand
- Injury and Violence
- Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Staehelin HB, Orav JE, Stuck AE, Theiler R, Wong JB, Egli A, Kiel DP, Henschkowski J.
BMJ. 2009 ;339:b3692.
- Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- MMWR in the Media
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DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Knowledge to Action Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article's inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
- Page last reviewed: March 29, 2010
- Page last updated: March 29, 2010
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