Issue 21, May 28, 2012

Vol. 4, Issue: 21, 5/28/12

Welcome to Science Clips, CDC's weekly digest!

The report consists of four components:

• Top Ten Articles of the Week
• CDC-authored publications
• Key scientific articles in featured topic areas (this week featuring Maternal and Child Health - Folic Acid)
• Public health articles noted in the media

Science Clips is a service of the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library and CDC's Office of the Chief Science Officer.

The Science Clips is in the public domain and may be freely forwarded and reproduced without permission. The original sources and the CDC Science Clips should be cited as sources. Articles featured in Science Clips may be in-press or uncorrected proofs.

For assistance in obtaining copies of these articles, contact the library at cdclibrary@cdc.gov or 404-639-1717. Please note that links below to CDC licensed materials are available only through the Intranet and may go through the SFX server. From the SFX window, just click on the full-text link to reach the full-text.

 

1. Top Ten Articles of the Week

   • Chronic Diseases and Conditions

     • Trends in death rates among U.S. adults with and without diabetes between 1997 and 2006: findings from the National Health Interview Survey
       Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Saydah S, Cowie C, Garfield S, Geiss L, Barker L.
       Diabetes Care. 2012 Jun;35(6):1252-7.
       

   • Communicable Diseases

     • Lack of knowledge of HIV status a major barrier to HIV prevention, care and treatment efforts in Kenya: results from a nationally representative study
       Cherutich P, Kaiser R, Galbraith J, Williamson J, Shiraishi RW, Ngare C, Mermin J, Marum E, Bunnell R.
       PLoS One. 2012 ;7(5):e36797.
       

   • Epidemiology and Surveillance

     • Using near real-time morbidity data to identify heat-related illness prevention strategies in North Carolina
       Rhea S, Ising A, Fleischauer AT, Deyneka L, Vaughan-Batten H, Waller A.
       J Community Health. 2012 Apr;37(2):495-500.
       

   • Global Health

     • Nationwide integrated mapping of three neglected tropical diseases in Togo: countrywide implementation of a novel approach
       Dorkenoo AM, Bronzan RN, Ayena KD, Anthony G, Agbo YM, Sognikin KS, Dogbe KS, Amza A, Sodahlon Y, Mathieu E.
       Trop Med Int Health. 2012 May 18.
       

   • Healthcare Associated Infections

     • Perceived impact of the Medicare policy to adjust payment for health care-associated infections
       Lee GM, Hartmann CW, Graham D, Kassler W, Dutta Linn M, Krein S, Saint S, Goldmann DA, Fridkin S, Horan T, Jernigan J, Jha A.
       Am J Infect Control. 2012 May;40(4):314-9.
       

   • Immunity and Immunization

     • Effects of immunizing school children with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) monovalent vaccine on absenteeism among students and teachers in Maine
       Graitcer SB, Dube NL, Basurto-Davila R, Smith PF, Ferdinands J, Thompson M, Uzicanin A, Gargiullo P, Chaves SS, Robinson S, Sears S, Tipton M, Monto AS, Mills D, Shay DK.
       Vaccine. 2012 May 17.
       

   • Occupational Safety and Health

     • Evaluation of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) exposures and illness among physicians in training
       de Perio MA, Brueck SE, Mueller CA, Milne CK, Rubin MA, Gundlapalli AV, Mayer J.
       Am J Infect Control. 2012 May 21.
       
     • Disposal of sharps medical waste in the United States: impact of recommendations and regulations, 1987-2007
       Perry J, Jagger J, Parker G, Phillips EK, Gomaa A.
       Am J Infect Control. 2012 May;40(4):354-8.
       
     • A systematic review of the effectiveness of occupational health and safety training
       Robson LS, Stephenson CM, Schulte PA, Amick BC, Irvin EL, Eggerth DE, Chan S, Bielecky AR, Wang AM, Heidotting TL, Peters RH, Clarke JA, Cullen K, Rotunda CJ, Grubb PL.
       Scand J Work Environ Health. 2012 May;38(3):193-208.
       

   • Reproductive Health

     • Hypertension in women of reproductive age in the United States: NHANES 1999-2008
       Bateman BT, Shaw KM, Kuklina EV, Callaghan WM, Seely EW, Hernandez-Diaz S.
       PLoS One. 2012 ;7(4):e36171.
       
   
   

2. CDC Authored Publications

   
   The names of CDC authors are indicated in bold text.

   • Chronic Diseases and Conditions

     1. The Jamaican historical experience of the impact of educational interventions on sickle cell disease child mortality
        Grosse SD, Atrash HK, Odame I, Amendah D, Piel FB, Williams TN.
        Am J Prev Med. 2012 Jun;42(6):e101-3.
        
     2. No interactions between previously associated 2-hour glucose gene variants and physical activity or BMI on 2-hour glucose levels
        Scott RA, Chu AY, Grarup N, Manning AK, Hivert MF, Shungin D, Tonjes A, Yesupriya A, Barnes D, Bouatia-Naji N, Glazer NL, Jackson AU, Kutalik Z, Lagou V, Marek D, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Stringham HM, Tanaka T, Aadahl M, Arking DE, Bergmann S, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Bornstein SR, Brunner E, Bumpstead SJ, Brage S, Carlson OD, Chen H, Chen YD, Chines PS, Collins FS, Couper DJ, Dennison EM, Dowling NF, et al.
        Diabetes. 2012 May;61(5):1291-6.
        
     3. Recommendations and proposed guidelines for assessing the cumulative evidence on joint effects of genes and environments on cancer occurrence in humans
        Boffetta P, Winn DM, Ioannidis JP, Thomas DC, Little J, Davey Smith G, Cogliano VJ, Hecht SS, Seminara D, Vineis P, Khoury MJ.
        Int J Epidemiol. 2012 May 16.
        
     4. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among US adolescents, 1999-2008
        May AL, Kuklina EV, Yoon PW.
        Pediatrics. 2012 May 21.
        

   • Communicable Diseases

     5. Trends in decline of antiretroviral resistance among ARV-experienced patients in the HIV Outpatient Study: 1999-2008
        Buchacz K, Baker R, Ward DJ, Palella FJ, Chmiel JS, Young B, Yangco BG, Novak RM, Brooks JT.
        AIDS Res Treat. 2012 ;2012:230290.
        
     6. Racial residential segregation and rates of gonorrhea in the United States, 2003-2007
        Biello KB, Kershaw T, Nelson R, Hogben M, Ickovics J, Niccolai L.
        Am J Public Health. 2012 May 17.
        
     7. Comparison of attitudes about polio, polio immunization, and barriers to polio eradication between primary health center physicians and private pediatricians in India
        Thacker N, Choudhury P, Gargano LM, Weiss PS, Pazol K, Bahl S, Jafari HS, Arora M, Dubey AP, Vashishtha VM, Agarwal R, Kumar A, Orenstein WA, Omer SB, Hughes JM.
        Int J Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;16(6):e417-23.
        
     8. Aging population and future burden of pneumococcal pneumonia in the United States
        Wroe PC, Finkelstein JA, Ray GT, Linder JA, Johnson KM, Rifas-Shiman S, Moore MR, Huang SS.
        J Infect Dis. 2012 May;205(10):1589-92.
        

   • Community Health Services

     9. Young men's preferences for sexually transmitted disease and reproductive health services in San Francisco, California
        Saadatmand HJ, Bernstein KT, McCright J, Gallaread A, Philip SS, Lippman SA.
        Sex Transm Dis. 2012 Jun;39(6):421-3.
        

   • Environmental Health

     10. Effects of the 1997-1998 El Nino episode on community rates of diarrhea
         Bennett A, Epstein LD, Gilman RH, Cama V, Bern C, Cabrera L, Lescano AG, Patz J, Carcamo C, Sterling CR, Checkley W.
         Am J Public Health. 2012 May 17.
         

   • Epidemiology and Surveillance

     11. The prevalence of HLA-B27 in the US: data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009
         Reveille JD, Hirsch R, Dillon CF, Carroll MD, Weisman MH.
         Arthritis Rheum. 2012 May;64(5):1407-11.
         
     12. Black-white differences in receipt and completion of adjuvant chemotherapy among breast cancer patients in a rural region of the US
         Lipscomb J, Gillespie TW, Goodman M, Richardson LC, Pollack LA, Ryerson AB, Ward KC.
         Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 May;133(1):285-96.
         
     13. Evaluation of tuberculosis diagnostics in children: 2. Methodological issues for conducting and reporting research evaluations of tuberculosis diagnostics for intrathoracic tuberculosis in children. Consensus from an expert panel
         Cuevas LE, Browning R, Bossuyt P, Casenghi M, Cotton MF, Cruz AT, Dodd LE, Drobniewski F, Gale M, Graham SM, Grzemska M, Heinrich N, Hesseling AC, Huebner R, Jean-Philippe P, Kabra SK, Kampmann B, Lewinsohn D, Li M, Lienhardt C, Mandalakas AM, Marais BJ, Menzies HJ, Montepiedra G, Mwansambo C, Oberhelman R, Palumbo P, Russek-Cohen E, Shapiro DE, Smith B, Soto-Castellares G, Starke JR, Swaminathan S, Wingfield C, Worrell C.
         J Infect Dis. 2012 May;205 Suppl 2:S209-15.
         
     14. Evaluation of tuberculosis diagnostics in children: 1. Proposed clinical case definitions for classification of intrathoracic tuberculosis disease. Consensus from an expert panel
         Graham SM, Ahmed T, Amanullah F, Browning R, Cardenas V, Casenghi M, Cuevas LE, Gale M, Gie RP, Grzemska M, Handelsman E, Hatherill M, Hesseling AC, Jean-Philippe P, Kampmann B, Kabra SK, Lienhardt C, Lighter-Fisher J, Madhi S, Makhene M, Marais BJ, McNeeley DF, Menzies H, Mitchell C, Modi S, Mofenson L, Musoke P, Nachman S, Powell C, Rigaud M, Rouzier V, Starke JR, Swaminathan S, Wingfield C.
         J Infect Dis. 2012 May;205 Suppl 2:S199-208.
         

   • Food Safety

     15. Foodborne toxoplasmosis
         Jones JL, Dubey JP.
         Clin Infect Dis. 2012 May 22.
         

   • Genetics and Genomics

     16. Molecular characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Libya
         Ali MM, Mohamed ZK, Klena JD, Ahmed SF, Moussa TA, Ghenghesh KS.
         Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 May;86(5):866-71.
         
     17. Multilevel research and the challenges of implementing genomic medicine
         Khoury MJ, Coates RJ, Fennell ML, Glasgow RE, Scheuner MT, Schully SD, Williams MS, Clauser SB.
         J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2012 ;2012(44):112-20.
         
     18. Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer
         Jacobs KB, Yeager M, Zhou W, Wacholder S, Wang Z, Rodriguez-Santiago B, Hutchinson A, Deng X, Liu C, Horner MJ, Cullen M, Epstein CG, Burdett L, Dean MC, Chatterjee N, Sampson J, Chung CC, Kovaks J, Gapstur SM, Stevens VL, Teras LT, Gaudet MM, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Virtamo J, Taylor PR, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Goldstein AM, Hu N, Yu K, Yuan JM, Liao L, Ding T, Qiao YL, Gao YT, Koh WP, Xiang YB, Tang ZZ, Fan JH, Aldrich MC, Amos C, Blot WJ, Bock CH, Gillanders EM, Harris CC, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, McNeill LH, Rybicki BA, Schwartz AG, Signorello LB, Spitz MR, Wiencke JK, Wrensch M, Wu X, Zanetti KA, Ziegler RG, Figueroa JD, Garcia-Closas M, Malats N, Marenne G, Prokunina-Olsson L, Baris D, Schwenn M, Johnson A, Landi MT, Goldin L, Consonni D, Bertazzi PA, Rotunno M, Rajaraman P, Andersson U, Freeman LE, Berg CD, Buring JE, Butler MA, Carreon T, Feychting M, Ahlbom A, Gaziano JM, Giles GG, Hallmans G, Hankinson SE, Hartge P, Henriksson R, Inskip PD, Johansen C, Landgren A, McKean-Cowdin R, Michaud DS, Melin BS, Peters U, Ruder AM, et al.
         Nat Genet. 2012 May 6.
         
     19. A genome-wide association study of total bilirubin and cholelithiasis risk in sickle cell anemia
         Milton JN, Sebastiani P, Solovieff N, Hartley SW, Bhatnagar P, Arking DE, Dworkis DA, Casella JF, Barron-Casella E, Bean CJ, Hooper WC, Debaun MR, Garrett ME, Soldano K, Telen MJ, Ashley-Koch A, Gladwin MT, Baldwin CT, Steinberg MH, Klings ES.
         PLoS One. 2012 ;7(4):e34741.
         

   • Health Behavior and Risk

     20. Health beliefs among individuals at increased familial risk for type 2 diabetes: implications for prevention
         Dorman JS, Valdez R, Liu T, Wang C, Rubinstein WS, O'Neill SM, Acheson LS, Ruffin MT, Khoury MJ.
         Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012 May;96(2):156-62.
         

   • Health Communication and Education

     21. Moderation and mediation of an effective HIV risk-reduction intervention for South African adolescents
         O'Leary A, Jemmott JB, Jemmott LS, Bellamy S, Ngwane Z, Icard L, Gueits L.
         Ann Behav Med. 2012 May 23.
         
     22. Using a digital frame and pictorial information to enhance the SafeCare(R) parent-infant interactions module with a mother with intellectual disabilities: results of a pilot study
         Gaskin EH, Lutzker JR, Crimmins DB, Robinson L.
         J Ment Health Res Intellect Disabil. 2012 Apr;5(2):187-202.
         

   • Healthcare Associated Infections

     23. Current practices and evaluation of screening solid organ donors for West Nile virus
         Nett RJ, Kuehnert MJ, Ison MG, Orlowski JP, Fischer M, Staples JE.
         Transpl Infect Dis. 2012 May 20.
         

   • Immunity and Immunization

     24. Trends in vaccination coverage disparities among children, United States, 2001-2010
         Zhao Z, Smith PJ.
         Vaccine. 2012 May 15.
         

   • Informatics

     25. Estimating the prevalence of active Helicobacter pylori infection in a rural community with global positioning system technology-assisted sampling
         Melius EJ, Davis SI, Redd JT, Lewin M, Herlihy R, Henderson A, Sobel J, Gold B, Cheek JE.
         Epidemiol Infect. 2012 May 17:1-9.
         
     26. Self-reported fever and measured temperature in emergency department records used for syndromic surveillance
         Kass-Hout TA, Buckeridge D, Brownstein J, Xu Z, McMurray P, Ishikawa CK, Gunn J, Massoudi BL.
         J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012 May 17.
         

   • Laboratory Sciences

     27. HIV type 1 gag genetic diversity among antenatal clinic attendees in North Rift Valley, Kenya
         Nyagaka B, Kiptoo MK, Lihana RW, Khamadi SA, Makokha EP, Kinyua JG, Mwangi J, Osman S, Lagat NJ, Muriuki J, Okoth V, Gicheru M, Ng'ang'a Z, Songok EM.
         AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012 May;28(5):523-6.
         
     28. Update: Recommendations for diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections by clinical laboratories
         Gould LH.
         Clin Microbiol News. 2012 15 May;34(10):75-83.
         
     29. Analysis of defined combinations of monoclonal antibodies in anthrax toxin neutralization assays and their synergistic action
         Ngundi MM, Meade BD, Little SF, Quinn CP, Corbett CR, Brady RA, Burns DL.
         Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012 May;19(5):731-9.
         
     30. Standardization and international multicenter validation of a PulseNet pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping Shigella flexneri isolates
         Pichel M, Brengi SP, Cooper KL, Ribot EM, Al-Busaidy S, Araya P, Fernandez J, Vaz TI, Kam KM, Morcos M, Nielsen EM, Nadon C, Pimentel G, Perez-Gutierrez E, Gerner-Smidt P, Binsztein N.
         Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2012 May;9(5):418-24.
         
     31. Induction of pulmonary fibrosis by cerium oxide nanoparticles
         Ma JY, Mercer RR, Barger M, Schwegler-Berry D, Scabilloni J, Ma JK, Castranova V.
         Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 May 18.
         

   • Medicine

     32. A population approach to precision medicine
         Khoury MJ, Gwinn ML, Glasgow RE, Kramer BS.
         Am J Prev Med. 2012 Jun;42(6):639-45.
         

   • Occupational Safety and Health

     33. Impact of multiple consecutive donnings on filtering facepiece respirator fit
         Bergman MS, Viscusi DJ, Zhuang Z, Palmiero AJ, Powell JB, Shaffer RE.
         Am J Infect Control. 2012 May;40(4):375-80.
         
     34. Evaluation of the benefit of the user seal check on n95 filtering facepiece respirator fit
         Viscusi DJ, Bergman MS, Zhuang Z, Shaffer RE.
         J Occup Environ Hyg. 2012 Jun;9(6):408-16.
         
     35. Detection of DNA damage in workers exposed to JP-8 jet fuel
         Krieg Jr EF, Mathias PI, Toennis CA, Clark JC, Marlow KL, B'Hymer C, Singh NP, Gibson RL, Butler MA.
         Mutat Res. 2012 May 19.
         
     36. Exposure, probable PTSD and lower respiratory illness among World Trade Center rescue, recovery and clean-up workers
         Luft BJ, Schechter C, Kotov R, Broihier J, Reissman D, Guerrera K, Udasin I, Moline J, Harrison D, Friedman-Jimenez G, Pietrzak RH, Southwick SM, Bromet EJ.
         Psychol Med. 2012 May;42(5):1069-79.
         

   • Public Health Law

     37. Fiscal and policy implications of selling pipe tobacco for roll-your-own cigarettes in the United States
         Morris DS, Tynan MA.
         PLoS One. 2012 ;7(5):e36487.
         

   • Public Health Leadership and Management

     38. A national research agenda for public health services and systems
         Van Wave TW, Monroe JA, Mattison S, Thomas C.
         Am J Prev Med. 2012 May;42(5 Suppl 1):S72-8.
         

   • Reproductive Health

     39. Contraception for individuals with sickle cell disease: a systematic review of the literature
         Haddad LB, Curtis KM, Legardy-Williams JK, Cwiak C, Jamieson DJ.
         Contraception. 2012 Jun;85(6):527-37.
         

   • Substance Use and Abuse

     40. Binge drinking intensity: a comparison of two measures
         Esser MB, Kanny D, Brewer RD, Naimi TS.
         Am J Prev Med. 2012 Jun;42(6):625-9.
         
   
   

3. Key Scientific Articles in Featured Topic Areas

   • Maternal and Child Health - Folic Acid

     41. Folate and DNA methylation: a review of molecular mechanisms and the evidence for folate's role
         Crider KS, Yang TP, Berry RJ, Bailey LB.
         Adv Nutr. 2012 Jan;3(1):21-38.
         
     42. Dietary folate, but not choline, modifies neural tube defect risk in Shmt1 knockout mice
         Beaudin AE, Abarinov EV, Malysheva O, Perry CA, Caudill M, Stover PJ.
         Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jan;95(1):109-14.
         
     43. Maternal folate status in early pregnancy and child emotional and behavioral problems: the Generation R Study
         Steenweg-de Graaff J, Roza SJ, Steegers EA, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Jaddoe VW, Tiemeier H.
         Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jun;95(6):1413-21.
         
     44. Estimating the impact of mandatory folic acid fortification on the folic acid intake of Australian women of childbearing age
         Emmett JK, Lawrence M, Riley M.
         Aust N Z J Public Health. 2011 Oct;35(5):442-50.
         
     45. Homocysteine and folate concentrations in early pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: the Generation R Study
         Bergen NE, Jaddoe VW, Timmermans S, Hofman A, Lindemans J, Russcher H, Raat H, et al.
         BJOG. 2012 May;119(6):739-51.
         
     46. Decreased incidence of myelomeningocele at birth: effect of folic acid recommendations or prenatal diagnostics?
         Clemmensen D, Thygesen M, Rasmussen MM, Fenger-Gron M, Petersen OB, Mosdal C.
         Childs Nerv Syst. 2011 Nov;27(11):1951-5.
         
     47. Gestational intake of methyl donors and global LINE-1 DNA methylation in maternal and cord blood: prospective results from a folate-replete population
         Boeke CE, Baccarelli A, Kleinman KP, Burris HH, Litonjua AA, Rifas-Shiman SL, Tarantini L, et al.
         Epigenetics. 2012 Mar;7(3):253-60.
         
     48. Low maternal vitamin B-12 status is associated with offspring insulin resistance regardless of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural Nepal
         Stewart CP, Christian P, Schulze KJ, Arguello M, LeClerq SC, Khatry SK, West KP.
         J Nutr. 2011 Oct;141(10):1912-7.
         
     49. Folic acid supplements in pregnancy and severe language delay in children
         Roth C, Magnus P, Schjolberg S, Stoltenberg C, Suren P, McKeague IW, Davey Smith G, et al.
         JAMA. 2011 Oct 12;306(14):1566-73.
         
     50. Genomic DNA methylation changes in response to folic acid supplementation in a population-based intervention study among women of reproductive age
         Crider KS, Quinlivan EP, Berry RJ, Hao L, Li Z, Maneval D, Yang TP, et al.
         PLoS One. 2011 ;6(12):e28144.
         
     51. Usual folic acid intakes: a modelling exercise assessing changes in the amount of folic acid in foods and supplements, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2008
         Tinker SC, Cogswell ME, Hamner HC, Berry RJ.
         Public Health Nutr. 2012 Mar 29:1-12.
         
     52. Has folate a role in the developing nervous system after birth and not just during embryogenesis and gestation?
         Breimer LH, Nilsson TK.
         Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2012 May;72(3):185-91.
         
   
   

4. Public Health Articles Noted in the Media

   • MMWR in the Media

     53. Prevalence of stroke - United States, 2006-2010
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 May 25;61(20):379-82.
         
     54. State tobacco revenues compared with tobacco control appropriations - United States, 1998-2010
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 May 25;61(20):370-4.
         
     55. Work-related asthma - 38 states and District of Columbia, 2006-2009
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 May 25;61(20):375-8.
         

   • Chronic Diseases and Conditions

     56. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among US adolescents, 1999-2008
         May AL, Kuklina EV, Yoon PW.
         Pediatrics. 2012 May 21.
         

   • Communicable Diseases

     57. Evaluation of obesity as an independent risk factor for medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza
         Coleman LA, Waring SC, Irving SA, Vandermause M, Shay DK, Belongia EA.
         Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2012 May 14.
         

   • Immunity and Immunization

     58. H1N1 influenza vaccination during pregnancy and fetal and neonatal outcomes
         Fell DB, Sprague AE, Liu N, Yasseen AS, Wen SW, Smith G, Walker MC.
         Am J Public Health. 2012 Jun;102(6):e33-40.
         

   • Maternal and Child Health

     59. Diagnostic history and treatment of school-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and special health care needs
         Pringle BA, Colpe LJ, Blumberg SJ, Avila RM, Kogan MD.
         NCHS Data Brief. 2012 May(97).
         
   
   

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DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article's inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.