Issue 16 April 19, 2016
CDC Science Clips: Volume 8, Issue 16, April 19, 2016
Each Tuesday, to enhance awareness of emerging scientific knowledge, selected science clips will be posted here for the public health community. The focus is applied public health research and prevention science that has the capacity to improve health now.
The report consists of these components:
- Key scientific articles in featured topic areas (this week featuring featuring articles in conjunction with the April CDC Public Health Grand Rounds, Cancer and Family History: Using Genomics for Prevention)
- CDC-authored publications
-
Key Scientific Articles in Featured Topic Areas
Subject matter experts decide what topic to feature, and articles are selected from the last 3 to 6 months of published literature. Key topic coincides monthly with other CDC products (e.g. Vital Signs).-
Genetics and Genomics - Cancer Prevention
- Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer in women: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement
Moyer VA, US Preventive Services Task Force .
Ann Intern Med. 2014 Feb 18;160(4):271-81.
- Implementing screening for Lynch syndrome among patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer: summary of a public health/clinical collaborative meeting
Bellcross CA, Bedrosian SR, Daniels E, Duquette D, Hampel H, Jasperson K, Joseph DA, et al .
Genet Med. 2012 Jan;14(1):152-62.
- Awareness and utilization of BRCA1/2 testing among U.S. primary care physicians
Bellcross CA, Kolor K, Goddard KA, Coates RJ, Reyes M, Khoury MJ.
Am J Prev Med. 2011 Jan;40(1):61-6.
- Recommendations from the EGAPP Working Group: genetic testing strategies in newly diagnosed individuals with colorectal cancer aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from Lynch syndrome in relatives
Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention (EGAPP) Working Group .
Genet Med. 2009 Jan;11(1):35-41.
- Using a state cancer registry to recruit young breast cancer survivors and high-risk relatives: protocol of a randomized trial testing the efficacy of a targeted versus a tailored intervention to increase breast cancer screening
Katapodi MC, Northouse LL, Schafenacker AM, Duquette D, Duffy SA, Ronis DL, Anderson B, et al .
BMC Cancer. 2013 ;13:97.
- Precision public health for the era of precision medicine
Khoury MJ, Iademarco MF, Riley WT.
Am J Prev Med. 2016 Mar;50(3):398-401.
- Evaluation of state comprehensive cancer control plans for genomics content
Laufman JD, Duquette D, Trepanier A.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2012 ;9:E176.
- Creation of a network to promote universal screening for Lynch syndrome: the LynchSyndrome Screening Network
Mange S, Bellcross C, Cragun D, Duquette D, Gorman L, Hampel H, Jasperson K.
J Genet Couns. 2015 Jun;24(3):421-7.
- Public awareness of genetic nondiscrimination laws in four states and perceived importance of life insurance protections
Parkman AA, Foland J, Anderson B, Duquette D, Sobotka H, Lynn M, Nottingham S, et al .
J Genet Couns. 2015 Jun;24(3):512-21.
- Strategies, actions, and outcomes of pilot state programs in public health genomics, 2003-2008
St Pierre J, Bach J, Duquette D, Oehlke K, Nystrom R, Silvey K, Zlot A, et al .
Prev Chronic Dis. 2014 ;11:E97.
- The activities and impact of state programs to address hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, 2011-2014
Trivers K, Rodriguez JL, Cox SL, Crane BE, Duquette D.
Healthcare. 2015 ;3(4):948-963.
- Reported referral for genetic counseling or BRCA 1/2 testing among United States physicians: a vignette-based study
Trivers KF, Baldwin LM, Miller JW, Matthews B, Andrilla CH, Lishner DM, Goff BA.
Cancer. 2011 Dec 1;117(23):5334-43.
- Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer in women: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement
-
-
CDC Authored Publications
The names of CDC authors are indicated in bold text.
Articles published in the past 6-8 weeks authored by CDC or ATSDR staff.-
Chronic Diseases and Conditions
- Editorial: Glial cells: Managers of neuro-immunity
Barcia C, Guillemin GJ, Curtin JF, Zirger JM.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2016 ;10:60.
- Agreement between current and active asthma classification methods, Asthma Call-back Survey, 2011-2012
Dodd KE, Mazurek JM.
J Asthma. 2016 Apr 6:0.
- Ethnic variations in diabetes and prediabetes prevalence and the roles of insulin resistance and beta-cell function: the CARRS and NHANES studies
Gujral UP, Mohan V, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Anjana RM, Mehta NK, Gregg EW, Narayan K.
J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2016 Jun 1;4:19-27.
- Gender- and race-specific metabolic score and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults: A structural equation modeling approach - United States, 1988-2006
Mercado CI, Yang Q, Ford ES, Gregg E, Valderrama AL.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Sep;23(9):1911-9.
- Cancer incidence and mortality through 2020
Weir HK, White MC.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2016 ;13:E48.
- School start times, sleep, behavioral, health, and academic outcomes: A review of the literature
Wheaton AG, Chapman DP, Croft JB.
J Sch Health. 2016 May;86(5):363-81.
- Gender and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome
Wheaton AG, Pleasants RA, Croft JB, Ohar JA, Heidari K, Mannino DM, Liu Y, Strange C.
J Asthma. 2016 Apr 6:0.
- Editorial: Glial cells: Managers of neuro-immunity
-
Communicable Diseases
- A picture is worth a thousand words: maps of HIV indicators to inform research, programs, and policy from NA-ACCORD and CCASAnet clinical cohorts
Althoff KN, Rebeiro PF, Hanna DB, Padgett D, Horberg MA, Grinsztejn B, Abraham AG, Hogg R, Gill MJ, Wolff MJ, Mayor A, Rachlis A, Williams C, Sterling TR, Kitahata MM, Buchacz K, Thorne JE, Cesar C, Cordero FM, Rourke SB, Sierra-Madero J, Pape JW, Cahn P, McGowan C.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2016 ;19(1):20707.
- Understanding cross-sectional racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in antiretroviral use and viral suppression among HIV patients in the United States
Beer L, Mattson CL, Bradley H, Skarbinski J.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Mar;95(13):e3171.
- Human leptospirosis in Malaysia: reviewing the challenges after 8 decades (1925-2012)
Benacer D, Thong KL, Verasahib KB, Galloway RL, Hartskeerl RA, Lewis JW, Mohd Zain SN.
Asia Pac J Public Health. 2016 Apr 3.
- Social contact networks and mixing among students in K-12 schools in Pittsburgh, PA
Guclu H, Read J, Vukotich CJ, Galloway DD, Gao H, Rainey JJ, Uzicanin A, Zimmer SM, Cummings DA.
PLoS One. 2016 ;11(3):e0151139.
- Assessing local risk of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa using lot quality assurance sampling
Heidebrecht CL, Podewils LJ, Pym A, Mthiyane T, Cohen T.
PLoS One. 2016 ;11(4):e0153143.
- Homonegative attitudes and risk behaviors for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among sexually active men in the United States
Jeffries WL, Johnson OD.
Am J Public Health. 2015 Dec;105(12):2466-72.
- Bodies don't sleep, neither do babies: experiences at the only maternity hospital isolation unit in Sierra Leone during the 2014 Ebola epidemic
Johnson JL.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Nov;213(5):739-40.
- HIV infection among people who inject drugs in the United States: Geographically explained variance across racial and ethnic groups
Linton SL, Cooper HL, Kelley ME, Karnes CC, Ross Z, Wolfe ME, Des Jarlais D, Semaan S, Tempalski B, DiNenno E, Finlayson T, Sionean C, Wejnert C, Paz-Bailey G.
Am J Public Health. 2015 Dec;105(12):2457-65.
- High hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam and associated risk factors: 2010 Vietnam Integrated Behavioural and Biologic Cross-Sectional Survey
Nadol P, O'Connor S, Duong H, Mixson-Hayden T, Tram TH, Xia GL, Kaldor J, Law M, Nguyen T.
Sex Transm Infect. 2016 Apr 4.
- The other side of surveillance: Monitoring, application, and integration of tuberculosis data to guide and evaluate programme activities in South Africa
Podewils LJ, Bronner Murrison L, Bristow C, Bantubani N, Mametja LD.
S Afr Med J. 2016 ;106(4):394-8.
- Invasive group B streptococcal disease in South Africa: Importance of surveillance methodology
Quan V, Verani JR, Cohen C, von Gottberg A, Meiring S, Cutland CL, Schrag SJ, Madhi SA.
PLoS One. 2016 ;11(4):e0152524.
- Surveillance systems to track progress toward polio eradication - worldwide, 2014-2015
Snider CJ, Diop OM, Burns CC, Tangermann RH, Wassilak SG.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(13):346-351.
- Ebola virus persistence in semen of male survivors
Uyeki TM, Erickson BR, Brown S, McElroy AK, Cannon D, Gibbons A, Sealy T, Kainulainen MH, Schuh AJ, Kraft CS, Mehta AK, Lyon GM, Varkey JB, Ribner BS, Ellison RT, Carmody E, Nau GJ, Spiropoulou C, Nichol ST, Stroher U.
Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Apr 3.
- Fungal infections and new biologic therapies
Vallabhaneni S, Chiller TM.
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2016 May;18(5):29.
- Excess alcohol use and death among tuberculosis patients in the United States, 1997-2012
Volkmann T, Moonan PK, Miramontes R, Oeltmann JE.
J Tuberc Res. 2016 Mar;4(1):18-22.
- A picture is worth a thousand words: maps of HIV indicators to inform research, programs, and policy from NA-ACCORD and CCASAnet clinical cohorts
-
Disease Reservoirs and Vectors
- Surveillance for Heartland virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) in Missouri during 2013: First detection of virus in adults of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)
Savage HM, Godsey MS, Panella NA, Burkhalter KL, Ashley DC, Lash RR, Ramsay B, Patterson T, Nicholson WL.
J Med Entomol. 2016 Mar 30.
- Surveillance for Heartland virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) in Missouri during 2013: First detection of virus in adults of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)
-
Environmental Health
- Assessment of exposure to VOCs among pregnant women in the National Children's Study
Boyle EB, Viet SM, Wright DJ, Merrill LS, Alwis KU, Blount BC, Mortensen ME, Moye J, Dellarco M.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 ;13(4).
- Prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and childhood fat mass in the Mount Sinai Children's Environmental Health Study
Buckley JP, Herring AH, Wolff MS, Calafat AM, Engel SM.
Environ Int. 2016 Mar 30;91:350-356.
- Assessment of exposure to VOCs among pregnant women in the National Children's Study
-
Epidemiology and Surveillance
- Varying estimates of sepsis mortality using death certificates and administrative codes - United States, 1999-2014
Epstein L, Dantes R, Magill S, Fiore A.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(13):342-345.
- Varying estimates of sepsis mortality using death certificates and administrative codes - United States, 1999-2014
-
Genetics and Genomics
- The spread of hepatitis C virus genotype 1a in North America: a retrospective phylogenetic study
Joy JB, McCloskey RM, Nguyen T, Liang RH, Khudyakov Y, Olmstead A, Krajden M, Ward JW, Harrigan PR, Montaner JS, Poon AF.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 Mar 30.
- The spread of hepatitis C virus genotype 1a in North America: a retrospective phylogenetic study
-
Health Economics
- Prevalence and costs of five chronic conditions in children
Miller GF, Coffield E, Leroy Z, Wallin R.
J Sch Nurs. 2016 Apr 4.
- Prevalence and costs of five chronic conditions in children
-
Healthcare Associated Infections
- Necessary infrastructure of infection prevention and healthcare epidemiology programs: a review
Bryant KA, Harris AD, Gould CV, Humphreys E, Lundstrom T, Murphy DM, Olmsted R, Oriola S, Zerr D.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016 Apr;37(4):371-80.
- Dialysis Event Surveillance Report: National Healthcare Safety Network data summary, January 2007 through April 2011
Patel PR, Shugart A, Mbaeyi C, Goding Sauer A, Melville A, Nguyen DB, Kallen AJ.
Am J Infect Control. 2016 Mar 31.
- Notes from the field: Mycobacterium abscessus infections among patients of a pediatric dentistry practice - Georgia, 2015
Peralta G, Tobin-D'Angelo M, Parham A, Edison L, Lorentzson L, Smith C, Drenzek C.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(13):355-356.
- Necessary infrastructure of infection prevention and healthcare epidemiology programs: a review
-
Immunity and Immunization
- Hepatitis B control among children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization
Allison RD, Teleb N, Al Awaidy S, Ashmony H, Alexander JP, Patel MK.
Vaccine. 2016 Apr 1.
- Association of maternal immunity with rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity in Zambian infants
Chilengi R, Simuyandi M, Beach L, Mwila K, Becker-Dreps S, Emperador DM, Velasquez DE, Bosomprah S, Jiang B.
PLoS One. 2016 ;11(3):e0150100.
- Timing of HPV vaccine intervals among United States teens with consideration to the current ACIP schedule and the WHO 2-dose schedule
Cloessner EA, Stokley S, Yankey D, Markowitz LE.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015 Nov 20:1-6.
- Importation and outbreak of wild polioviruses from 2000 to 2014 and interruption of transmission in Cameroon
Endegue-Zanga MC, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Iber J, Burns CC, Moeletsi NG, Baba M, Bukbuk D, Delpeyroux F, Mengouo MN, Demanou M, Vernet G, Etoa FX, Njouom R.
J Clin Virol. 2016 Mar 28;79:18-24.
- Hepatitis B vaccine stored outside the cold chain setting: a pilot study in rural Lao PDR
Kolwaite AR, Xeuatvongsa A, Ramirez-Gonzalez A, Wannemuehle K, Vongxay V, Vilayvone V, Hennessey K, Patel MK.
Vaccine. 2016 Mar 31.
- Post licensure surveillance of influenza vaccines in the Vaccine Safety Datalink in the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 seasons
Li R, Stewart B, McNeil MM, Duffy J, Nelson J, Kawai AT, Baxter R, Belongia EA, Weintraub E.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2016 Apr 1.
- Characteristics of physicians who dismiss families for refusing vaccines
O'Leary ST, Allison MA, Fisher A, Crane L, Beaty B, Hurley L, Brtnikova M, Jimenez-Zambrano A, Stokley S, Kempe A.
Pediatrics. 2015 Dec;136(6):1103-11.
- Tetanus immunity among women aged 15-39 years in Cambodia: A national population-based serosurvey, 2012
Scobie HM, Mao B, Buth S, Wannemuehler KA, Sorensen C, Kannarath C, Jenks MH, Moss DM, Priest JW, Soeung SC, Deming MS, Lammie PJ, Gregory CJ.
Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2016 Apr 6.
- Vaccine effectiveness of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine during a pertussis outbreak in Maine
Terranella A, Rea V, Griffith M, Manning S, Sears S, Farmer A, Martin S, Patel M.
Vaccine. 2016 Mar 30.
- Hepatitis B control among children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization
-
Injury and Violence
- Injury surveillance: the next generation
Allegrante JP, Mitchell RJ, Taylor JA, Mack KA.
Inj Prev. 2016 Apr;22 Suppl 1:i63-i65.
- Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS): towards a global surveillance system
Chiang LF, Kress H, Sumner SA, Gleckel J, Kawemama P, Gordon RN.
Inj Prev. 2016 Apr;22 Suppl 1:i17-i22.
- Saving lives and protecting people from injuries and violence
Houry D.
Ann Emerg Med. 2016 Mar 29.
- Contextual determinants of childhood injury: A systematic review of studies with multilevel analytic methods
McClure R, Kegler S, Davey T, Clay F.
Am J Public Health. 2015 Dec;105(12):e37-43.
- The design and evaluation of a system for improved surveillance and prevention programmes in resource-limited settings using a hospital-based burn injury questionnaire
Peck M, Falk H, Meddings D, Sugerman D, Mehta S, Sage M.
Inj Prev. 2016 Apr;22 Suppl 1:i56-i62.
- Sleep duration and injury-related risk behaviors among high school students - United States, 2007-2013
Wheaton AG, Olsen EO, Miller GF, Croft JB.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(13):337-341.
- Injury surveillance: the next generation
-
Laboratory Sciences
- National estimates of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and metabolite concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the US opulation during 2007-2010
Schleicher RL, Sternberg MR, Looker AC, Yetley EA, Lacher DA, Sempos CT, Taylor CL, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Maw KL, Chaudhary-Webb M, Johnson CL, Pfeiffer CM.
J Nutr. 2016 Apr 6.
- Identification of potential biomarkers of exposure to diundecyl phthalate
Silva MJ, Bontke TW, Calafat AM, Ye X.
Environ Res. 2016 Apr 2;148:137-143.
- Species-specific real-time PCR assay for the detection of Streptococcus suis from clinical specimens
Srinivasan V, McGee L, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Moisi J, Beall B.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 18.
- The molecular characterizations of surface proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from recent H5Nx avian influenza viruses
Yang H, Carney PJ, Mishin VP, Guo Z, Chang JC, Wentworth DE, Gubareva LV, Stevens J.
J Virol. 2016 Apr 6.
- National estimates of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and metabolite concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the US opulation during 2007-2010
-
Maternal and Child Health
- Corticosteroid treatment and growth patterns in ambulatory males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Lamb MM, West NA, Ouyang L, Yang M, Weitzenkamp D, James K, Ciafaloni E, Pandya S, DiGuiseppi C.
J Pediatr. 2016 Mar 30.
- Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group: An integrated network for congenital heart disease research
Pasquali SK, Jacobs JP, Farber GK, Bertoch D, Blume ED, Burns KM, Campbell R, Chang AC, Chung WK, Riehle-Colarusso T, Curtis LH, Forrest CB, Gaynor WJ, Gaies MG, Go AS, Henchey P, Martin GR, Pearson G, Pemberton VL, Schwartz SM, Vincent R, Kaltman JR.
Circulation. 2016 Apr 5;133(14):1410-8.
- Corticosteroid treatment and growth patterns in ambulatory males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
-
Nutritional Sciences
- Characteristics of U.S. adults with usual daily folic acid intake above the tolerable upper intake level: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2010
Orozco AM, Yeung LF, Guo J, Carriquiry A, Berry RJ.
Nutrients. 2016 ;8(4).
- Characteristics of U.S. adults with usual daily folic acid intake above the tolerable upper intake level: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2010
-
Occupational Safety and Health
- Hand-arm vibration disorder among grass-cutter workers in Malaysia
Azmir NA, Ghazali MI, Yahya MN, Ali MH.
Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2016 Apr 6:1-6.
- Work-related fatal motor vehicle traffic crashes: matching of 2010 data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System
Byler C, Kesy L, Richardson S, Pratt SG, Rodriguez-acosta RL.
Accid Anal Prev. 2016 Apr 4;92:97-106.
- Hand-arm vibration disorder among grass-cutter workers in Malaysia
-
Occupational Safety and Health - Mining
- Comparative respiratory morbidity of former and current US coal miners
Halldin CN, Wolfe AL, Laney AS.
Am J Public Health. 2015 Dec;105(12):2576-7.
- Modeling carbon monoxide spread in underground mine fires
Yuan L, Zhou L, Smith AC.
Applied Thermal Engineering. 2016 ;100:1319-1326.
- Comparative respiratory morbidity of former and current US coal miners
-
Parasitic Diseases
- Follow-up of the 1977 Atlanta outbreak of toxoplasmosis
Jones JL, Akstein RB, Hlavsa MC, Lopez AS, Wilson M, Holland GN.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 Apr 4.
- Follow-up of the 1977 Atlanta outbreak of toxoplasmosis
-
Program Evaluation
- Community-based interventions to decrease obesity and tobacco exposure and reduce health care costs: Outcome estimates from Communities Putting Prevention to Work for 2010-2020
Soler R, Orenstein D, Honeycutt A, Bradley C, Trogdon J, Kent CK, Wile K, Haddix A, O'Neil D, Bunnell R.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2016 ;13:E47.
- A customizable model for chronic disease coordination: Lessons learned from the Coordinated Chronic Disease Program
Voetsch K, Sequeira S, Chavez AH.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2016 ;13:E43.
- Community-based interventions to decrease obesity and tobacco exposure and reduce health care costs: Outcome estimates from Communities Putting Prevention to Work for 2010-2020
-
Public Health Leadership and Management
- Measuring infrastructure: A key step in program evaluation and planning
Schmitt CL, Glasgow L, Lavinghouze SR, Rieker PP, Fulmer E, McAleer K, Rogers T.
Eval Program Plann. 2016 Mar 26;56:50-55.
- Measuring infrastructure: A key step in program evaluation and planning
-
Reproductive Health
- Assisted reproductive technology and birth defects among liveborn infants in Florida, Massachusetts, and Michigan, 2000-2010
Boulet SL, Kirby RS, Reefhuis J, Zhang Y, Sunderam S, Cohen B, Bernson D, Copeland G, Bailey MA, Jamieson DJ, Kissin DM.
JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Apr 4:e154934.
- Antenatal hospitalizations among pregnancies conceived with and without assisted reproductive technology
Martin AS, Zhang Y, Crawford S, Boulet SL, McKane P, Kissin DM, Jamieson DJ.
Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Apr 4.
- Assisted reproductive technology and birth defects among liveborn infants in Florida, Massachusetts, and Michigan, 2000-2010
-
CDC Science Clips Production Staff:
- John Iskander, MD MPH, Editor
- Jane Gidudu, MD, MPH, Acting Editor
- Gail Bang, MLIS, Librarian
- William (Bill) Thomas, MLIS, Librarian
- Kathleen Connick, MSLS, Librarian
- Jarvis Sims, MIT, MLIS, Librarian
- Mathieu Mazarin, BA, Web Developer/Designer
____
DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article's inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
- Page last reviewed: April 19, 2016
- Page last updated: April 19, 2016
- Content source: