CDC Science Clips: Volume 8, Issue 6, February 9, 2016

Each Tuesday, to enhance awareness of emerging scientific knowledge, selected science clips will be posted here for the public health community. The focus is applied public health research and prevention science that has the capacity to improve health now.

1. Top Ten Articles of the Week 

   
   Selected weekly by a senior CDC scientist from the standard sections listed below.

   • Chronic Diseases and Conditions

     • Cancer incidence in Appalachia, 2004-2011
       Wilson RJ, Ryerson AB, Singh SD, King JB.
       Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016 Jan 27.
       

   • Communicable Diseases

     • Ensuring quality: a key consideration in scaling-up HIV-related point-of-care testing programs
       Fonjungo PN, Osmanov S, Kuritsky J, Ndihokubwayo JB, Bachanas P, Peeling RW, Timperi R, Fine G, Stevens W, Habiyambere V, Nkengasong JN.
       Aids. 2016 Jan 23.
       
     • Burden of nursing home-onset Clostridium difficile infection in the United States: Estimates of incidence and patient outcomes
       Hunter JC, Mu Y, Dumyati GK, Farley MM, Winston LG, Johnston HL, Meek JI, Perlmutter R, Holzbauer SM, Beldavs ZG, Phipps EC, Dunn JR, Cohen JA, Avillan J, Stone ND, Gerding DN, McDonald LC, Lessa FC.
       Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016 Jan;3(1):ofv196.
       

   • Drug Safety

     • A detailed exploration into the association of prescribed opioid dosage and overdose deaths among patients with chronic pain
       Bohnert AS, Logan JE, Ganoczy D, Dowell D.
       Med Care. 2016 Jan 22.
       

   • Immunity and Immunization

     • Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccine: Results of a 30-year follow-up study and response to a booster dose
       Bruce MG, Bruden D, Hurlburt D, Zanis C, Thompson G, Rea L, Toomey M, Townshend-Bulson L, Rudolph K, Bulkow L, Spradling PR, Baum R, Hennessy T, McMahon BJ.
       J Infect Dis. 2016 Jan 21.
       

   • Injury and Violence

     • Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: A systematic review and minimum estimates
       Hillis S, Mercy J, Amobi A, Kress H.
       Pediatrics. 2016 Jan 25.
       

   • Laboratory Sciences

     • Development of a TaqMan Array Card for acute-febrile-illness Outbreak investigation and surveillance of emerging pathogens, including Ebola virus
       Liu J, Ochieng C, Wiersma S, Stroher U, Towner JS, Whitmer S, Nichol ST, Moore CC, Kersh GJ, Kato C, Sexton C, Petersen J, Massung R, Hercik C, Crump JA, Kibiki G, Maro A, Mujaga B, Gratz J, Jacob ST, Banura P, Scheld WM, Juma B, Onyango CO, Montgomery JM, Houpt E, Fields B.
       J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jan;54(1):49-58.
       

   • Occupational Safety and Health

     • Hearing difficulty and tinnitus among U.S. workers and non-workers in 2007
       Masterson EA, Themann CL, Luckhaupt SE, Li J, Calvert GM.
       Am J Ind Med. 2016 Jan 28.
       

   • Physical Activity

     • Iniciativas escolares y deportivas lideradas desde la Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA): revisión sistemática
       Correa JE, Meneses-Echavez JF, Barengo NC, Tovar G, Ruiz-Castellanos E, Lobelo F, Ramirez-Velez R.
       Glob Health Promot. 2015 Sep;22(3):67-76.
       

   • Social and Behavioral Sciences

     • Excess mortality due to depression and anxiety in the United States: results from a nationally representative survey
       Pratt LA, Druss BG, Manderscheid RW, Walker ER.
       Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2015 Dec 18.
       
   
   

2. CDC Authored Publications 

   
   The names of CDC authors are indicated in bold text.
   Articles published in the past 6-8 weeks authored by CDC or ATSDR staff.

   • Chronic Diseases and Conditions

     1. Risk factors for radiation exposure in newly diagnosed IBD patients
        Grand DJ, Harris A, Shapiro J, Wu E, Giacalone J, Sands BE, Bright R, Moniz H, Mallette M, Leleiko N, Wallenstein S, Samad Z, Merrick M, Shah SA.
        Abdom Radiol. 2016 Jan 27.
        
     2. Breast and cervical cancer screening among Hispanic subgroups in the USA: estimates from the National Health Interview Survey 2008, 2010, and 2013
        Shoemaker ML, White MC.
        Cancer Causes Control. 2016 Jan 25.
        
     3. The effect of multiple primary rules on cancer incidence rates and trends
        Weir HK, Johnson CJ, Ward KC, Coleman MP.
        Cancer Causes Control. 2016 Jan 25.
        
     4. What predicts an advanced-stage diagnosis of breast cancer? sorting out the influence of method of detection, access to care and biological factors
        Lipscomb J, Fleming ST, Trentham-Dietz A, Kimmick G, Wu XC, Morris CR, Zhang K, Smith RA, Anderson RT, Sabatino SA.
        Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016 Jan 27.
        
     5. Location isn't everything: Proximity, hospital characteristics, choice of hospital, and disparities for breast cancer surgery patients
        Keating NL, Kouri EM, He Y, Freedman RA, Volya R, Zaslavsky AM.
        Health Serv Res. 2016 Jan 22.
        
     6. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in Cambodian refugees
        Marshall GN, Schell TL, Wong EC, Berthold SM, Hambarsoomian K, Elliott MN, Bardenheier BH, Gregg EW.
        J Immigr Minor Health. 2016 Feb;18(1):110-7.
        
     7. Reducing indoor tanning - an opportunity for melanoma prevention
        Guy GP, Watson M, Richardson LC, Lushniak BD.
        JAMA Dermatol. 2016 Jan 27.
        
     8. Timing of initiation of maintenance dialysis: a qualitative analysis of the electronic medical records of a national cohort of patients from the Department of Veterans Affairs
        Wong SP, Vig EK, Taylor JS, Burrows NR, Liu CF, Williams DE, Hebert PL, O'Hare AM.
        JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Jan 25.
        

   • Communicable Diseases

     9. Estimates of CDC-funded and national HIV diagnoses: A comparison by demographic and HIV-related factors
        Krueger A, Dietz P, Van Handel M, Belcher L, Johnson AS.
        AIDS Behav. 2016 Jan 21.
        
     10. Young people and HIV: A call to action
         Koenig LJ, Hoyer D, Purcell DW, Zaza S, Mermin J.
         Am J Public Health. 2016 Jan 21:e1-e4.
         
     11. Standardizing the influenza neuraminidase inhibition assay among United States public health laboratories conducting virological surveillance
         Okomo-Adhiambo M, Mishin VP, Sleeman K, Saguar E, Guevara H, Reisdorf E, Griesser RH, Spackman KJ, Mendenhall M, Carlos MP, Healey B, St George K, Laplante J, Aden T, Chester S, Xu X, Gubareva LV.
         Antiviral Res. 2016 Jan 22.
         
     12. Long-term reduction in liver fibrosis, based on serum biomarkers, in patients with sustained viral responses to HCV treatment
         Lu M, Li J, Zhang T, Rupp LB, Trudeau S, Holmberg SD, Moorman AC, Spradling PR, Teshale EH, Xu F, Boscarino JA, Schmidt MA, Vijayadeva V, Gordon SC.
         Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jan 21.
         
     13. Risk factors for invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection after recent discharge from an acute-care hospitalization, 2011-2013
         Epstein L, Mu Y, Belflower R, Scott J, Ray S, Dumyati G, Felsen C, Petit S, Yousey-Hindes K, Nadle J, Pasutti L, Lynfield R, Warnke L, Schaffner W, Leib K, Kallen AJ, Fridkin SK, Lessa FC.
         Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Jan 1;62(1):45-52.
         
     14. Bordetella pertussis strain lacking pertactin and pertussis toxin
         Williams MM, Sen K, Weigand MR, Skoff TH, Cunningham VA, Halse TA, Tondella ML.
         Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Feb;22(2):319-22.
         
     15. Transmission dynamics of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in humans and swine in backyard farms in Tumbes, Peru
         Tinoco YO, Montgomery JM, Kasper MR, Nelson MI, Razuri H, Guezala MC, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Widdowson MA, Barnes J, Gilman RH, Bausch DG, Gonzalez AE.
         Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2016 Jan;10(1):47-56.
         
     16. Epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal disease in Alaska, 2001 to 2013
         Rudolph K, Bruce MG, Bruden D, Zulz T, Reasonover A, Hurlburt D, Hennessy T.
         J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jan;54(1):134-41.
         
     17. Incidence and predictors of abnormal anal cytology findings among HIV-infected adults receiving contemporary antiretroviral therapy
         Conley LJ, Bush TJ, Darragh TM, Palefsky JM, Unger ER, Patel P, Steinau M, Kojic EM, Martin H, Overton ET, Cu-Uvin S, Hammer J, Henry K, Wood K, Brooks JT.
         J Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 1;213(3):351-60.
         
     18. Notes from the field: Ongoing cholera outbreak - Kenya, 2014-2016
         George G, Rotich J, Kigen H, Catherine K, Waweru B, Boru W, Galgalo T, Githuku J, Obonyo M, Curran K, Narra R, Crowe SJ, O'Reilly CE, Macharia D, Montgomery J, Neatherlin J, De Cock KM, Lowther S, Gura Z, Langat D, Njeru I, Kioko J, Muraguri N.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(3):68-69.
         
     19. Notes from the field: Tetanus cases after voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention - Eastern and Southern Africa, 2012-2015
         Grund JM, Toledo C, Davis SM, Ridzon R, Moturi E, Scobie H, Naouri B, Reed JB, Njeuhmeli E, Thomas AG, Benson FN, Sirengo MW, Muyenzi LN, Lija GJ, Rogers JH, Mwanasalli S, Odoyo-June E, Wamai N, Kabuye G, Zulu JE, Aceng JR, Bock N.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(2):36-7.
         
     20. Increases in acute hepatitis B virus infections - Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia, 2006-2013
         Harris AM, Iqbal K, Schillie S, Britton J, Kainer MA, Tressler S, Vellozzi C.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(3):47-50.
         
     21. Active monitoring of travelers arriving from Ebola-affected countries - New York City, October 2014-April 2015
         Millman AJ, Chamany S, Guthartz S, Thihalolipavan S, Porter M, Schroeder A, Vora NM, Varma JK, Starr D.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(3):51-54.
         
     22. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of malaria among travelers returning from Africa during the Ebola epidemic - United States, 2014-2015
         Tan KR, Cullen KA, Koumans EH, Arguin PM.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(2):27-9.
         
     23. Factors associated with ever being HIV-tested in Zimbabwe: an extended analysis of the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (2010-2011)
         Takarinda KC, Madyira LK, Mhangara M, Makaza V, Maphosa-Mutsaka M, Rusakaniko S, Kilmarx PH, Mutasa-Apollo T, Ncube G, Harries AD.
         PLoS One. 2016 ;11(1):e0147828.
         
     24. Anaemia in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving triple antiretroviral combination therapy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission: a secondary analysis of the Kisumu breastfeeding study (KiBS)
         Odhiambo C, Zeh C, Angira F, Opollo V, Akinyi B, Masaba R, Williamson JM, Otieno J, Mills LA, Lecher SL, Thomas TK.
         Trop Med Int Health. 2016 Jan 22.
         

   • Disease Reservoirs and Vectors

     25. New records and updated checklist of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Liberia
         Obenauer PJ, Rueda LM, El-Hossary SS, Watany N, Stoops CA, Fakoli LS, Bolay FK, Diclaro JW.
         J Med Entomol. 2016 Jan 25.
         

   • Genetics and Genomics

     26. A novel botulinum neurotoxin, previously reported as serotype H, has a hybrid-like structure with regions of similarity to the structures of serotypes A and F and is neutralized with serotype A antitoxin
         Maslanka SE, Luquez C, Dykes JK, Tepp WH, Pier CL, Pellett S, Raphael BH, Kalb SR, Barr JR, Rao A, Johnson EA.
         J Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 1;213(3):379-85.
         

   • Health Economics

     27. Economic and social impact of Pertussis among adolescents in San Diego County
         Varan AK, Harriman KH, Winter K, Thun MD, McDonald EC.
         J Adolesc Health. 2016 Feb;58(2):241-4.
         
     28. Antidepressant prescription claims among reproductive-aged women with private employer-sponsored insurance - United States 2008-2013
         Dawson AL, Ailes EC, Gilboa SM, Simeone RM, Lind JN, Farr SL, Broussard CS, Reefhuis J, Carrino G, Biermann J, Honein MA.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(3):41-46.
         

   • Immunity and Immunization

     29. Beyond efficacy: the full public health impact of vaccines
         Saadatian-Elahi M, Horstick O, Breiman RF, Gessner BD, Gubler DJ, Louis J, Parashar UD, Tapia R, Picot V, Zinsou JA, Nelson CB.
         Vaccine. 2016 Jan 22.
         
     30. Effects of repeated annual inactivated influenza vaccination among healthcare personnel on serum hemagglutinin inhibition antibody response to A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus during 2010-11
         Thompson MG, Naleway A, Fry AM, Ball S, Spencer SM, Reynolds S, Bozeman S, Levine M, Katz JM, Gaglani M.
         Vaccine. 2016 Feb 10;34(7):981-8.
         

   • Immunization and Immunity

     31. Prevalence and persistence of varicella antibodies in previously immunized children and youth with perinatal HIV-1 infection
         Purswani MU, Karalius B, Yao TJ, Schmid DS, Burchett SK, Siberry GK, Patel K, Van Dyke RB, Yogev R.
         Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Jan 1;62(1):106-14.
         

   • Informatics

     32. Effect of a clinical decision support system on early action on immunological treatment failure in patients with HIV in Kenya: A cluster randomised controlled trial
         Oluoch T, Katana A, Kwaro D, Santas X, Langat P, Mwalili S, Muthusi K, Okeyo N, Ojwang JK, Cornet R, Abu-Hanna A, de Keizer N. (Not in PubMed)
         The Lancet HIV. 2015 .
         

   • Injury and Violence

     33. Masculinity and bystander attitudes: Moderating effects of masculine gender role stress
         Leone RM, Parrott DJ, Swartout KM, Tharp AT. (Not in PubMed)
         Psychology of Violence. 2016 ;6(1):82-90.
         

   • Laboratory Sciences

     34. Multicenter evaluation of the Xpert Norovirus Assay for detection of Norovirus genogroups I and II in fecal specimens
         Gonzalez MD, Langley LC, Buchan BW, Faron ML, Maier M, Templeton K, Walker K, Popowitch EB, Miller MB, Rao A, Liebert UG, Ledeboer NA, Vinje J, Burnham CA.
         J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jan;54(1):142-7.
         
     35. Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic approaches to capsule typing of Neisseria meningitidis by use of invasive and carriage isolate collections
         Jones CH, Mohamed N, Rojas E, Andrew L, Hoyos J, Hawkins JC, McNeil LK, Jiang Q, Mayer LW, Wang X, Gilca R, De Wals P, Pedneault L, Eiden J, Jansen KU, Anderson AS.
         J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jan;54(1):25-34.
         
     36. Development and validation of an improved PCR method using 23S-5S Intergenic Spacer for detection of rickettsiae in Dermacentor variabilis ticks and tissue samples from humans and laboratory animals
         Kakumanu ML, Ponnusamy L, Sutton HT, Meshnick SR, Nicholson WL, Apperson CS.
         J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jan 27.
         
     37. Acute infections, cost per infection and turnaround time in three United States hospital laboratories using fourth-generation antigen-antibody human immunodeficiency virus immunoassays
         Wesolowski LG, Nasrullah M, Coombs RW, Rosenberg E, Ethridge SF, Hutchinson AB, Dragavon J, Rychert J, Nolte FS, Madory JE, Werner BG.
         Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016 Jan;3(1):ofv188.
         
     38. MMP-9-dependent serum-borne bioactivity caused by multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure induces vascular dysfunction via the CD36 scavenger receptor
         Aragon M, Erdely A, Bishop L, Salmen R, Weaver J, Liu J, Hall P, Eye T, Kodali V, Zeidler-Erdely P, Stafflinger JE, Ottens AK, Campen MJ.
         Toxicol Sci. 2016 Jan 21.
         

   • Maternal and Child Health

     39. Increasing prevalence of gastroschisis - 14 States, 1995-2012
         Jones AM, Isenburg J, Salemi JL, Arnold KE, Mai CT, Aggarwal D, Arias W, Carrino GE, Ferrell E, Folorunso O, Ibe B, Kirby RS, Krapfl HR, Marengo LK, Mosley BS, Nance AE, Romitti PA, Spadafino J, Stock J, Honein MA.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(2):23-6.
         
     40. Maternity care practices and breastfeeding among adolescent mothers aged 12-19 years - United States, 2009-2011
         Olaiya O, Dee DL, Sharma AJ, Smith RA.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(2):17-22.
         

   • Occupational Safety and Health

     41. Age-dependent muscle adaptation after chronic stretch-shortening contractions in rats
         Rader EP, Layner K, Triscuit AM, Chetlin RD, Ensey J, Baker BA.
         Aging Dis. 2016 Jan;7(1):1-13.
         
     42. The use of personal flotation devices in the Northeast lobster fishing industry: An examination of the decision-making process
         Weil R, Pinto K, Lincoln J, Hall-Arber M, Sorensen J.
         Am J Ind Med. 2016 Jan;59(1):73-80.
         
     43. Total Worker Health(R): more implications for the occupational health nurse
         Schill AL, Chosewood LC.
         Workplace Health Saf. 2016 Jan;64(1):4-5.
         

   • Occupational Safety and Health - Mining

     44. Analysis of the current rib support practices and techniques in U.S. coal mines
         Mohamed KM, Murphy MM, Lawson HE, Klemetti T.
         International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 2016 ;26(1):77-87.
         
     45. Using dust assessment technology to leverage mine site manager-worker communication and health behavior: A longitudinal case study
         Haas EJ, Cecala AB, Hoebbel CL.
         J Progress Res Soc Sci. 2016 Jan 6;3(1):154-167.
         

   • Parasitic Diseases

     46. Distribution of Cryptosporidium species in Tibetan sheep and yaks in Qinghai, China
         Li P, Cai J, Cai M, Wu W, Li C, Lei M, Xu H, Feng L, Ma J, Feng Y, Xiao L.
         Vet Parasitol. 2016 Jan 15;215:58-62.
         

   • Physical Activity

     47. Advancing translation and dissemination research and practice through the Physical Activity Policy Research Network Plus
         Pollack KM, Schmid TL, Wilson AL, Schulman E. (Not in PubMed)
         Environment and Behavior. 2016 ;48(1):266-272.
         

   • Reproductive Health

     48. Soy intake modifies the relation between urinary bisphenol A concentrations and pregnancy outcomes among women undergoing assisted reproduction
         Chavarro JE, Minguez-Alarcon L, Chiu YH, Gaskins AJ, Souter I, Williams PL, Calafat AM, Hauser R.
         J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jan 27:jc20153473.
         
     49. Prevalence of reproductive tract infections and the predictive value of girls' symptom-based reporting: findings from a cross-sectional survey in rural western Kenya
         Kerubo E, Laserson KF, Otecko N, Odhiambo C, Mason L, Nyothach E, Oruko KO, Bauman A, Vulule J, Zeh C, Phillips-Howard PA.
         Sex Transm Infect. 2016 Jan 27.
         

   • Substance Use and Abuse

     50. Smoke-free public policies and voluntary policies in personal settings in Tbilisi, Georgia: a qualitative study
         Berg CJ, Smith SA, Bascombe TM, Maglakelidze N, Starua L, Topuridze M.
         Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 ;13(2).
         
     51. Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use
         Compton WM, Jones CM, Baldwin GT.
         N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 14;374(2):154-63.
         
     52. Cigarette smoking among working women of reproductive age-United States, 2009-2013
         Mazurek JM, England LJ.
         Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 Jan 20.
         
     53. Past year quit attempts and use of cessation resources among cigarette-only smokers and cigarette smokers who use other tobacco products
         Schauer GL, Pederson LL, Malarcher AM.
         Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 Jan;18(1):41-7.
         

   • Zoonoses

     54. Coxiella burnetii infection in a community operating a large-scale cow and goat dairy, Missouri, 2013
         Biggs HM, Turabelidze G, Pratt D, Todd SR, Jacobs-Slifka K, Drexler NA, McCurdy G, Lloyd J, Evavold CL, Fitzpatrick KA, Priestley RA, Singleton J, Sun D, Tang M, Kato C, Kersh GJ, Anderson A.
         Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 Jan 25.
         
     55. Interim guidelines for the evaluation and testing of infants with possible congenital Zika virus infection - United States, 2016
         Staples JE, Dziuban EJ, Fischer M, Cragan JD, Rasmussen SA, Cannon MJ, Frey MT, Renquist CM, Lanciotti RS, Munoz JL, Powers AM, Honein MA, Moore CA.
         MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 ;65(3):63-67.
         
     56. Predictive factors and risk mapping for Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya
         Munyua PM, Murithi RM, Ithondeka P, Hightower A, Thumbi SM, Anyangu SA, Kiplimo J, Bett B, Vrieling A, Breiman RF, Njenga MK.
         PLoS One. 2016 ;11(1):e0144570.
         
     57. First report of rickettsia identical to R. slovaca in colony-originated D. variabilis in the United States: detection, laboratory animal model, and vector competence of ticks
         Zemtsova GE, Killmaster LF, Montgomery M, Schumacher L, Burrows M, Levin ML.
         Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016 Jan 25.
         
   
   

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CDC Science Clips Production Staff

• John Iskander, MD MPH, Editor
• Phoebe Thorpe, MD MPH, Editorial Consultant
• Sara Beth Wolicki, MPH, Editorial Consultant
• Gail Bang, MLIS, Librarian
• William (Bill) Thomas, MLIS, Librarian
• Katherine Tucker, Librarian
• Onnalee Gomez, MS, Librarian
• Joanna Taliano, MA, MLS, Librarian
• Jarvis Sims, MIT, MLIS, Librarian
• Mathieu Mazarin, MASc, Web Developer

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DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article's inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.