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MMWR
Synopsis for December 6, 2002

The MMWR is embargoed until 12 Noon ET, Thursdays.

  1. Involvement by Young Drivers in Fatal Alcohol-Related Motor-Vehicle Crashes -- United States, 1982-2001
  2. State-Specific Trends in U.S. Live Births to Women Born Outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia -- United States, 1990 and 2000
  3. Update: Influenza Activity — United States, 2001–02 Season

MMWR Surveillance Summary
December 6, 2002/Vol. 51/SS-10

Surveillance for Traumatic Brain Injury Deaths -- United States, 1989–1998.
See fact sheet below.

Contact: Office of Communication
CDC, National Center for Injury Prevention & Control
(770) 488–4902


MMWR Reports & Recommendations
December 6, 2002/Vol. 51/RR-19

Laboratory Security and Emergency Response Guidance for Laboratories Working with Select Agents
Traditional biosafety guidelines emphasize laboratory controls that minimize worker injury and prevent environment contamination. The guidance published in this report incorporates criteria for laboratory security and emergency response. These guidelines were first published as Appendix F in the CDC/NIH Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories [BMBL] 4th ed. Appendix F is being revised to include additional information regarding personnel, risk assessments, and inventory controls. These guidelines are recommended for laboratories working with select biological agents and toxins, under biosafety levels 2, 3, and 4 conditions. These facilities should conduct a systematic risk assessment and develop comprehensive security plans, that minimize the misuse of select agents.

Contact: David Daigle
CDC, National Center for Infectious Diseases
(404) 639–1143

No telebriefing is scheduled for December 5, 2002

Synopsis for December 6, 2002

Involvement by Young Drivers in Fatal Alcohol-Related Motor-Vehicle Crashes -- United States, 1982-2001

Over the past 20 years, actions to decrease alcohol-related fatal crashes among young people have worked.

PRESS CONTACT:
Office of Communications

CDC, National Center for Injury Prevention & Control
(770) 488–4902
 
However, this progress has stalled in the past few years. Far too many people, young and old alike, continue to die in alcohol-related fatal crashes in the United States. Some proven ways to prevent these needless deaths include maintaining and enforcing minimum legal drinking age laws and “zero tolerance” laws for young drivers; implementing sobriety checkpoints; lowering blood alcohol concentration laws to 0.08 percent; and training alcohol beverage servers to prevent their patrons from becoming intoxicated. Public health and traffic safety professionals can work together to ensure that every community has a comprehensive and effective strategy for reducing alcohol-impaired driving.

 

State-Specific Trends in U.S. Live Births to Women Born Outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia -- United States, 1990 and 2000

Changes in immigration patterns pose unique challenges to the U.S. public health system and to maternal health care providers.

PRESS CONTACT:
Denise Roth Allen, PhD, MPH

CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
(770) 488–5131
 
The percentage of U.S. live births to women who were born outside the 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC) increased from 15.6 percent in 1990 to 21.4 percent in 2000. During 1990-2000, births to Hispanic women who were born outside the states and DC increased from 8.8 percent to 12.5percent of all U.S. births; births to non-Hispanic women increased from 6.7 percent to 8.8 percent. State-specific comparisons of such births reveal a shift to new states in the West and the South. Although immigrant mothers had better birth outcomes than their state-born race/ethnic counterparts, they had mixed results in terms of socio-demographic and health risk factors contributing to birth outcome differences. These factors may be indicative of barriers to health care, resulting in poorer maternal health outcomes among some immigrant women over time.

 

Update: Influenza Activity — United States, 2001–02 Season

It is not too late to be vaccinated for influenza this year and vaccine supplies are plentiful, unlike in years past.

PRESS CONTACT:
Jennifer Wright, DVM, MPH

CDC, National Center for Infectious Diseases
(404) 639–3747
 
Influenza activity has been low in the United States this season, but is expected to increase in the coming weeks and months. A few states have experienced regional activity. The strains tested at CDC this year are well matched by the influenza vaccine strains. There is plenty of vaccine this year and those who have not yet been vaccinated are encouraged to do so before influenza activity increases.

 


Fact Sheet: Traumatic Brain Injury

December 6, 2002
Contact: CDC, National Center for Injury Prevention & Control
(770) 488–4902

The rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI) declined 11.4 percent between 1989 and 1998, yet TBI continued to cause an average 53,288 deaths annually. This CDC surveillance summary reports the number of deaths from TBI and identifies trends in deaths related to TBI from 1989 to 1998. Public health and transportation safety officials should continue work to develop injury-prevention programs that provide a multi disciplinary approach to continuing to reduce these deaths. The public should also become full partners in finding and using these solutions.

  • The decline in TBI-related deaths maybe related to the decline in all types of injury-related deaths, indicating that general injury prevention measures may also influence TBIs. Injury prevention strategies that have demonstrated success include primary enforcement of seat belt and child safety seat laws, graduated licensing of new drivers and community health education campaigns. Additionally, evidence-based guidelines for acute and emergency management of TBI were distributed during this period.

  • Despite the overall decline, the TBI-related death rate for this period was highest among people 75 years and older.

  • The three leading causes of TBI death were related to firearms, motor vehicles and falls. Firearm-related TBIs accounted for 40 percent of all TBI deaths, although firearm-related TBI death rates declined by 14 percent in this period; 34 percent were related to motor vehicles, and 10 percent to falls. The leading cause of death differed by age group. Motor vehicles were the leading cause among youth from birth to 19 years of age. Firearm-related TBIs were the leading cause of death among persons aged 20 - 74 years. Fall-related TBIs were the leading cause of death among persons aged 75 and older.

  • Three times more males than females died from TBI-related causes. However, the rate of death declined by 13 percent among males and 7percent among females.

  • TBI-related deaths were highest among American Indian/Alaska Natives with motor-vehicle deaths being the leading cause. The greatest decrease in TBI-related death was among African Americans (20 percent).

Notes to the editor: For the MMWR, please link to this website: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr. For more information about injuries, visit the CDC's website at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc.

 


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