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Question 1: Can you name three types of spina bifida?

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Answer:Myelomeningocele (pronounced my-low-ma-nin-jo-seal) When people talk about spina bifida, most often they are referring to myelomeningocele. Myelomeningocele is the most serious type of spina bifida. This type of spina bifida causes moderate to severe disabilities.Meningocele (pronounced ma-nin-jo-seal) Some people with meningocele will have few or no disabilities, while others may have some paralysis and problems with their bladder and bowels.Spina Bifida Occulta (pronounced o-cult-tuh) Spina bifida occulta is sometimes called “hidden” spina bifida. This type of spina bifida is typically mild, but can affect people in different ways. Some people have few symptoms, and others may have severe disabilities.

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Question 2: Are there any treatments for spina bifida before birth?

Answer: Yes. When a fetus is diagnosed with an exposed spinal cord (open spina bifida), doctors can perform surgery during pregnancy to close the opening on the back before birth.  A recent study found that performing this newly-designed surgery before birth may reduce the need to drain fluid away from the brain with a shunt after the baby is born. The surgery also increases the chances that a child will be able to walk without crutches or other devices. However, babies who had this surgery before birth were more likely to be born preterm than were babies who had the surgery after birth, when it is typically performed.  This surgery may not be widely available, and may not be appropriate for all pregnant women carrying a baby with spina bifida. Talk to a doctor who is familiar with this procedure to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this surgery.

Question 3: Can you name 5 or more health issues a person with spina bifida might have?

Answer: Health issues for people with spina bifida will be different for each person. Some people have issues that are more severe than other people. Some health issues related to spina bifida include the following:Hydrocephalus (also called water on the brain) – which can cause learning difficulties.Mobility differences - people affected by spina bifida get around in different ways. These include walking without any aids or assistance; walking with braces, crutches or walkers; and using wheelchairs.Using the bathroom – difficulty controlling urine and bowel movements.Skin conditions - people with spina bifida can develop sores, calluses, blisters, and burns on their feet, ankles, and hips.Latex (natural rubber) allergyVision difficulties from the muscles in the eyesStaying at a healthy weightDepression

Question 4: Can a person with spina bifida fully participate in life?

Answer: Yes!  A study published in the Journal of Holistic Nursing showed that many teens and young adults with spina bifida report being satisfied with their life, are entering and succeeding in college, and are participating in sports and other recreational activities

Question 5: Do people with spina bifida have mental health issues?

Answer: Sometimes. Mental health is how people think, feel, and act as they cope with life. People with spina bifida might feel isolated from others, or have low self-esteem. This can cause them to become depressed.  Mental health and well-being are very important for everyone. To be at their best, people need to feel good about their lives and value themselves. There are different ways to treat depression. Exercise can be effective. Counseling or medication also might be needed.

Question 6: What is the difference between an IEP (Individualized Education Plan) and a 504 plan?

Answer: Many children with spina bifida take special education classes and have an IEP (Individualized Education Plan) or a 504 plan. An IEP is a legal document that lets the school know what kinds of assistance your child will need during the school day.  Children with milder learning difficulties may not qualify for an IEP, so parents can request a 504 Plan. Usually, a 504 Plan is used by a general education student who is not eligible for special education services. By law, children may be eligible to have a 504 Plan which lists accommodations related to a child’s disability. These accommodations may be needed to give the child an opportunity to perform at the same level as their peers. For example, a 504 Plan may include a tape recorder or keyboard for taking notes, and a wheelchair accessible environment.

Question 7: Can a woman reduce the risk of her baby having spina bifida?

Answer: Yes. We know that there are ways before and during pregnancy for women to reduce the risk of having a baby with spina bifida. However, we do not know all of the causes of spina bifida.  If you are pregnant or could get pregnant, use the following tips to help prevent your baby from having spina bifida:Take 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. If you have already had a pregnancy affected by spina bifida, talk with your doctor about a prescription to take 4,000 mcg (4.0 milligrams). Folic acid prevents many, but not all, cases of spina bifida.Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about any prescription and over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and dietary or herbal supplements you are taking. Learn about medication and pregnancy »If you have a medical condition―such as diabetes or obesity―be sure to talk with your doctor before you become pregnant.Avoid overheating your body, as might happen if you use a hot tub or sauna.Treat any fever you have right away with Tylenol® (or store brand acetaminophen).

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Find out more, visit: www.cdc.gov/spinabifida National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities

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Find out more, visit: www.cdc.gov/birthdefects National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities

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