Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
RTECS #
AG6825000CAS #
94-75-7Updated
December 2013Molecular Weight
221.04Molecular Formula
C8H6Cl2O3Synonyms
(2,4-Dichloor-fenoxy)-azijnzuur (Dutch)(2,4-Dichlor-phenoxy)-essigsaeure (German)
2,4-D
2,4-D (ACGIH:OSHA)
2,4-D acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorphenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dwuchlorofenoksyoctowy kwas (Polish)
Acide 2,4-dichloro phenoxyacetique (French)
Acido(2,4-dicloro-fenossi)-acetico (Italian)
Acme LV 4
Agrotect
Amidox
Amoxone
Aqua-Kleen
Barrage
BH 2,4-D
Brush-rhap
B-Selektonon
Chipco turf herbicide D
Chloroxone
Citrus fix
Crop rider
Debroussaillant 600
Deherban
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (OSHA)
Dicopur
DMA-4
Dormone
Emulsamine BK
Emulsamine E-3
ENT 8,538
Envert 171
Envert DT
Estone
Farmco
Fernimine
Fernoxone
Ferxone
Foredex 75
Hedonal (the herbicide)
Herbidal
Hivol-44
Ipaner
Kwas 2,4-dwuchlorofenoksyoctowy (Polish)
Kwasu 2,4-dwuchlorofenoksyoctowego (Polish)
Kyselina 2,4-dichlorfenoxyoctova (Czech)
Lawn-keep
Macrondray
Miracle
Moxone
Netagrone
Netagrone 600
NSC 423
Pennamine
Pennamine D
Phenox
Pielik
Plantgard
RCRA waste number U240
Rhodia
Superormone concentre
U 46DP
U-5043
Vergemaster
Verton 2D
Vidon 638
Weed TOX
Weed-Ag-Bar
Weedar-64
Weedatul
Weedez Wonder BAR
Weedone LV4
Weed-rhap
Weedtrol
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 750 µg/24H | severe | 28ZPAK -,279,1972 |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg/24H | mild | 28ZPAK -,279,1972 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 20 µg/L | CYGEDX 8(3),6,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/rat | 100 µg/kg | CYTOAN 52,275,1987 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 100 mg/kg | CYGEDX 8(3),6,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 2400 mg/L | EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | kidney/cattle | 1 ppm | ITCSAF 8,416,1973 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 9.9 mg/kg/3D | MUREAV 494,1,2001 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 3.5 mg/kg | ARTODN 74,560,2000 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 0.4 mg/L/24H (+/-enzymatic activation step) | TXAPA9 197,235,2004 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 0.4 mg/L/48H (+/-enzymatic activation step) | TXCYAC 200,39,2004 |
| DNA adduct | /Escherichia coli | 20 µmol/L | MUREAV 89,95,1981 |
| DNA Damage | sperm/salmon | 1 mmol/L | PYTCAS 11,3135,1972 |
| DNA Damage | Ascites tumor/human | 4 mmol/L/36H | FCTOD7 41,385,2003 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 0.14 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | TXAPA9 197,202,2004 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified) | 1 mmol/L | PYTCAS 11,3135,1972 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/human | 10.9 mmol/L/1H | TOLED5 147,35,2004 |
| DNA inhibition | ovary/hamster | 1 mmol/L | TOLED5 29,137,1985 |
| DNA inhibition | oral/mouse | 200 mg/kg | MUREAV 55,197,1978 |
| DNA repair | /Bacillus subtilis | 5 mg/disc | NTIS** PB80-133226 |
| DNA repair | /Escherichia coli | 5 mg/disc | NTIS** PB80-133226 |
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | /Aspergillus nidulans | 4 µmol/L | MUREAV 204,615,1988 |
| micronucleus test | lymphocyte/human | 0.4 mg/L/48H (+/-enzymatic activation step) | TXCYAC 200,39,2004 |
| micronucleus test | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L/48H | MUREAV 521,165,2002 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lung/hamster | 10 µmol/L | CBINA8 19,369,1977 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 4 mmol/L/4H | ARTODN 74,560,2000 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 150 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step) | ECBUDQ 27,193,1978 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 250 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 204,615,1988 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Other microorganisms | 1 gm/L (-enzymatic activation step) | MILEDM 5,103,1977 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 25 ppm | ECBUDQ 27,190,1978 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | unreported route/Drosophila melanogaster | 1000 ppm/15D | ECBUDQ 27,182,1978 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 10 mg/L | JOHEA8 73,224,1982 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 167 mg/L | EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
| sister chromatid exchange | oral/mouse | 100 mg/kg | FCTOD7 39,941,2001 |
| specific locus test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 5 mmol/L | MUREAV 319,237,1993 |
| specific locus test | multiple/Drosophila melanogaster | 10 ppb | EMMUEG 25,148,1995 |
| sperm morphology | oral/mouse | 33 mg/kg | MUREAV 494,1,2001 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | fibroblast/human | 1 µmol/L | MUREAV 42,161,1977 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | 1600 mg/kg (9-25D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | NETEEC 18,691,1996 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 600 mg/kg (9-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | NETEEC 18,691,1996 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 1 gm/kg (15-24D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | NETEEC 18,691,1996 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 700 mg/kg (9-15D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NETEEC 25,607,2003 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 1700 mg/kg (9-25D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | NETEEC 25,607,2003 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 25 mg/kg (1D after birth) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Breasts, lactation (prior to or during pregnancy) Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 2.5 mg/kg (1D after birth) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Breasts, lactation (prior to or during pregnancy) Reproductive: Other effects on female | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| oral/rat | 220 µg/kg (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) | GISAAA 50(10),76,1985 |
| oral/rat | 1 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TXAPA9 22,14,1972 |
| oral/rat | 125 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | FCTXAV 9,801,1971 |
| oral/rat | 500 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | FCTXAV 9,801,1971 |
| oral/rat | 80 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | CKSCDN 24,29,1998 |
| oral/rat | 240 mg/kg (16D after birth) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | FCTOD7 44,8,2006 |
| oral/rat | 750 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) | FEREAC 69,75066,2004 |
| oral/Dog | 270 mg/kg (90D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FEREAC 70,43309,2005 |
| oral/mouse | 500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | EMMUEG 42,37,2003 |
| oral/rat | 6200 mg/kg (31D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive: Other effects on male | TOXID9 -,18,2008 |
| oral/rat | 3000 mg/kg (30D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | FCLPH* 21(Suppl 1),92,2007 |
| oral/rat | 525 mg/kg (16-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NETEEC 32,497,2010 |
| oral/rat | 35 mg/kg (7D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| oral/rat | 25 mg/kg (10D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| oral/rat | 32.5 mg/kg (13D after birth) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Breasts, lactation (prior to or during pregnancy) Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| oral/mouse | 707 mg/kg (11-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | AECTCV 6,33,1977 |
| oral/mouse | 900 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear | NTIS** PB223-160 |
| oral/mouse | 438 mg/kg (8-12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TCMUD8 7,7,1987 |
| oral/hamster | 200 mg/kg (7-11D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | BECTA6 6,559,1971 |
| oral/mouse | 715 mg/kg (6-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | TXCYAC 165,39,2001 |
| oral/mouse | 7150 mg/kg (6-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | TXCYAC 165,39,2001 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | 20 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | FEREAC 67,10624,2002 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | 750 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | FEREAC 67,10624,2002 |
| oral/mouse | 407 mg/kg (6-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | VHTODE 42,129,2000 |
| oral/rat | 3150 mg/kg (16-22D preg/23D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | NRTXDN 24,149,2003 |
| oral/rat | 400 mg/kg (7-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | GISAAA 40,102,1975 |
| oral/rat | 70 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | NRTXDN 24,149,2003 |
| oral/rat | 2100 mg/kg (16-22D preg/23D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | NRTXDN 24,149,2003 |
| oral/rat | 70 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | NRTXDN 24,149,2003 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 882 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) | NTIS** PB223-160 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 900 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | NTIS** PB223-160 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 900 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | NTIS** PB223-160 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 32850 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Brain and Coverings: Tumors | FEREAC 67,10624,2002 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 21656 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3188 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 11150 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1211 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3.53 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5.83 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 2.44 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 8.45 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 190 µmol/L/4M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currents | TXAPA9 245,191,2010 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1.05 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 4.25 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.65 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.69 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1.79 gm/m3/4H | FEREAC 67,10625,2002 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1800 mg/m3 | PESFO* -,253,1998 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >1.8 gm/m3/4H | FEREAC 69,75066,2004 | |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 666 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Coma | JIHTAB 29,85,1947 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 125 mg/kg | TXAPA9 23,288,1972 | |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Coma | JIHTAB 29,85,1947 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 666 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Coma | JIHTAB 29,85,1947 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg | Endocrine: Other changes | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Endocrine: Other changes Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Coma | JIHTAB 29,85,1947 |
| oral/chicken | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 541 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | AJVRAH 15,622,1954 |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg | Behavioral: Stiffness Behavioral: Coma | AEHLAU 7,202,1963 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | JTCTDW 38,747,2000 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | JTCTDW 38,747,2000 |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg | ENTOX* -,569,2005 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 469 mg/kg | AJVRAH 15,622,1954 | |
| oral/hamster | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg | TXAPA9 48,A192,1979 | |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 80 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Behavioral: Coma Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | ARPAAQ 94,270,1972 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 694.4 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | DRSAEA 5,,1990 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 66 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Coma Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | HBPTO* 1,60,2001 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 66 mg/kg | HBPTO* 1,60,2001 | |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 375 mg/kg | SCIEAS 165,465,1969 | |
| oral/man | lowest published lethal dose: 93 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | PAREAQ 14,225,1962 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg | Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | ARTODN 66,518,1992 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 5714 mg/kg | Behavioral: Coma Cardiac: Change in rate Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | ARTODN 66,518,1992 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | FCTOD7 39,941,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 347 mg/kg | RPZHAW 31,373,1980 | |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg | AMPMAR 12,26,1951 | |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 699 mg/kg | PESFO* -,253,1998 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >300 mg/kg | ENTOX* -,569,2005 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3670 mg/kg/18H | TOIZAG 19,356,1972 | |
| oral/wild bird | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | PESFO* -,253,1998 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2000 mg/kg | FEREAC 69,75066,2004 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1400 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation | AFDOAQ 16,3,1952 |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1500 mg/kg | WRPCA2 9,119,1970 | |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 227 mg/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | FEREAC 67,10624,2002 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 227 mg/kg | FEREAC 70,43298,2005 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JIHTAB 29,85,1947 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | AMIHBC 7,61,1953 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 1820 mg/kg/52W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | FAATDF 29,78,1996 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 270 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | FEREAC 70,43298,2005 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 270 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | FEREAC 70,43298,2005 |
| oral/hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 50400 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | JTPAE7 29,440,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 23.4 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 177,143,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Interstitial nephritis Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 177,143,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 10950 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | FEREAC 69,75066,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 10950 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | FEREAC 69,75066,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 18144 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 29,440,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 91 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | FAATDF 33,166,1996 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 237,104,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 930 mg/kg/31D- intermittent | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Endocrine: Other changes | TOXID9 -,18,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6200 mg/kg/31D- intermittent | Endocrine: Change in LH Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | TOXID9 -,18,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg/5D- continuous | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | TXCYAC 247,73,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/7D- continuous | Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXCYAC 247,73,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 175 mg/kg/7D- continuous | Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites | TXCYAC 247,73,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | FCLPH* 21(Suppl 1),92,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 32.5 mg/kg/13D- continuous | Endocrine: Other changes | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 800 mg/kg/16D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/16D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/16D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TXCYAC 271,13,2010 |
| oral/rat | : 2500 mg/kg/25D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | ENTOX* -,721,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3780 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | JTPAE7 29,440,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 418.3 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | JTPAE7 29,440,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 54600 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | FAATDF 33,166,1996 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 13650 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FAATDF 9,423,1987 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | NTOTDY 5,331,1983 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 54750 mg/kg/1Y- continuous | Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other) Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | TOXID9 15,23,1995 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 54750 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | FEREAC 69,75066,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 54750 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight Blood: Normocytic anemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FEREAC 69,75066,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9000 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FEREAC 70,43298,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9000 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Liver: Multiple effects Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FEREAC 69,75066,2004 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (inhal) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 41,357,1986 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 15,111,1977 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 32,233,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,101,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RREVAH 56,107,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ECMAAI 14,141,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BIOGAL 40(2),44,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HYSAAV 31(7-9),383,1966 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JACTDZ 11,5,1992 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTCTDW 38,111,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,227,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,109,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 21,93,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,721,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,569,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 7,1,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 7,267,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FEREAC 73,6867,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FEREAC 72,52013,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FEREAC 72,31221,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTPAE7 19,1,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ITODC* -,327,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,551,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,251,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HTOPA* 1,501,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,80,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FEREAC 73,53732,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FEREAC 74,30487,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FEREAC 74,48408,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NBREV* 5,1,1981 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,19,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 721,27,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Supported | RBREV* -,70,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 | DTLVS* 3,67,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 1 mg/m3;KZW 4 mg/m3, inhal, skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 10 mg/m3, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 1 mg/m3, inhal, 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 4 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 7 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 20 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 1 mg/m3, KZG-week 8 mg/m3, inhal, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 10 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 2,4-D-air | 10H time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 24270; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 94; Number of Occupations 1; Total Number of Employees Exposed 471 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 24270; Number of Industries 6; Total Number of Facilities 1132; Number of Occupations 8; Total Number of Employees Exposed 6266 |
Status in Federal Agencies
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division