Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Benzene, 1-chloro-4-nitro-
RTECS #
CZ1050000CAS #
100-00-5Updated
September 201Molecular Weight
157.56Molecular Formula
C6H4ClNO2Synonyms
1-Chloor-4-nitrobenzeen (Dutch)1-Chlor-4-nitrobenzol (German)
1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene
1-Cloro-4-nitrobenzene (Italian)
4-Chloro-1-nitrobenzene
4-Chloronitrobenzene
4-Nitro-1-chlorobenzene
p-Chloronitrobenzene
PNCB
p-Nitrochloorbenzeen (Dutch)
p-Nitrochlorobenzene
p-Nitrochlorobenzene (ACGIH:OSHA)
p-Nitrochlorobenzol (German)
p-Nitroclorobenzene (Italian)
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 600 mg/L | EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
| DNA Damage | liver/rat | 5 µmol/L | MUREAV 131,215,1984 |
| DNA Damage | intraperitoneal/mouse | 60 mg/kg | BSIBAC 56,1680,1980 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 819 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 116,217,1983 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 100 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | ENMUDM 5(Suppl 1),3,1983 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 250 mg/L | EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 24 ppm/6H (13W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | NTPTR* NIH-93-3382 |
| oral/mouse | 4.4 gm/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #RACB19077 |
| oral/mouse | 58 gm/kg (15W male/15W prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #RACB19077 |
| oral/mouse | 250 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #RACB19077 |
| oral/mouse | 250 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | NTIS** #RACB19077 |
| oral/mouse | 250 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system | NTIS** #RACB19077 |
| oral/mouse | 4.4 gm/kg (1W male/1W prior to copulation/1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTPTR* RACB-19077 |
| oral/mouse | 40 gm/kg (70D male/70D pre-2W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | NTPTR* RACB-19077 |
| oral/mouse | 45.5 gm/kg (70D male/70D pre-2W after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTPTR* RACB-19077 |
| oral/mouse | 45.5 gm/kg (70D male/70D pre-2W after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system | NTPTR* RACB-19077 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 194 gm/kg/78W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Vascular: Tumors Liver: Tumors | JEPTDQ 2(2),325,1978 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 390 gm/kg/78W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Vascular: Tumors Liver: Tumors | JEPTDQ 2(2),325,1978 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 25 ppm/7H | IMSUAI 19,317,1950 | |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 16100 mg/m3/4H | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Corneal damage Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | NTIS** OTS0571644 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 420 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Ataxia Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia | AGGHAR 17,217,1959 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 440 mg/kg | 85GMAT -,92,1982 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 420 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia | AGGHAR 17,217,1959 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 530 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes | HPV175 -,-,2003 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3040 mg/kg | NTPTR* NIH-93-3382 | |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 gm/kg | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia | AGGHAR 17,217,1959 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 12 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Blood: Changes in spleen | NTPTR* NIH-93-3382 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 46 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | FAATDF 6,618,1986 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 ppm/6H/13W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Blood: Changes in platelet count | NTPTR* NIH-93-3382 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.5 ppm/13W- intermittent | Blood: Normocytic anemia Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | HPV175 -,-,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 24 ppm/13W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Normocytic anemia Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | HPV175 -,-,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 21000 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | NTIS** #RACB19077 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8960 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* RACB-19077 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4480 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | NTPTR* RACB-19077 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 45500 mg/kg/175D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | NTPTR* RACB-19077 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 60014.5 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 77941.5 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 25489.1 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 30421.3 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 10965.5 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Blood: Other changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3339.7 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Blood: Changes in spleen | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 309.4 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Blood: Changes in spleen Blood: Other changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 373.1 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Blood: Changes in spleen | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 127.4 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1255.8 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Blood: Other changes | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1073.8 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3530.8 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4095 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 13195 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | JTSCDR 31,9,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2200 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV175 -,-,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1350 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTIS** OTS0533716 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3640 mg/kg/2Y- intermittent | Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Blood: Changes in spleen Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | NTIS** OTS0526382 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1400 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** OTS0546099 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/10D- intermittent | Blood: Other changes | FATOAO 35,108,1972 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 65,263,1996 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 65,263,1996 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 65,263,1996 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 31,392,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin) | DTLVS* 3,184,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.64 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 0.075 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);KZW 0.3 ppm (2 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.65 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.64 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.64 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 0.1 ppm (0.64 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.6 mg/m3), skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3 (skin), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.64 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.64 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 3 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm, short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 0.075 ppm, carc 3, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 1 mg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO p-NITROCHLOROBENZENE-air | Carcinogen lowest feasible conc. (Sk) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 50775; Number of Industries 4; Total Number of Facilities 30; Number of Occupations 20; Total Number of Employees Exposed 2948; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 401 |
Status in Federal Agencies
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division