Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Benzene, p-dichloro-
RTECS #
CZ4550000CAS #
106-46-7Updated
September 201Molecular Weight
147.00Molecular Formula
C6H4Cl2Synonyms
1,4-Dichloorbenzeen (Dutch)1,4-Dichlor-benzol (German)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Diclorobenzene (Italian)
Di-chloricide
Evola
Globol
NCI-C54955
Para crystals
para-Chlorophenyl chloride
Paracide
Paradi
Paradichlorbenzol (German)
Paradichlorobenzene
para-Dichlorobenzene
Paradichlorobenzol
Paradow
Paramoth
Paranuggets
Parazene
p-Chlorophenyl chloride
PDB
PDCB
p-Dichloorbenzeen (Dutch)
p-Dichlorbenzol (German)
p-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene (ACGIH:OSHA)
p-Dichlorobenzol
p-Diclorobenzene (Italian)
Persia-perazol
RCRA waste number U070
RCRA waste number U071
RCRA waste number U072
Santochlor
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /human | 80 ppm | AMIHAB 14,138,1956 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA Damage | intraperitoneal/mouse | 2 gm/kg | MUREAV 391,201,1997 |
| DNA repair | oral/mouse | 1000 mg/kg | TCMUD8 18,309,1998 |
| DNA repair | oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg | TCMUD8 18,309,1998 |
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 413,205,1998 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 355 mg/kg/24H | MUTAEX 2,111,1987 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Aspergillus nidulans | 200 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step) | CJMIAZ 16,369,1970 |
| other mutation test systems | intraperitoneal/mouse | 1000 mg/kg | MUREAV 747,164,2012 |
| other mutation test systems | oral/mouse | 750 mg/kg | MUREAV 343,157,1995 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 100 µg/L | MUREAV 263,57,1991 |
| sperm morphology | intraperitoneal/rat | 800 mg/kg | ACDSEL 2,248,1985 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rabbit | 800 ppm/6H (6-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system | FAATDF 5,190,1985 |
| inhalation/rat | 50 ppm (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Other effects on male Reproductive: Other effects on female | HPV173 -,-,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | 150 ppm (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Other effects on male Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | HPV173 -,-,2002 |
| oral/rat | 84 mg/kg (1-21D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | BCLPT* 95,139,2004 |
| oral/rat | 7500 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | BECTA6 37,164,1986 |
| oral/rat | 10 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | BECTA6 37,164,1986 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 155 gm/kg/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-319,1987 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 309000 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTIS** PB87-208617/AS |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 309000 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Adrenal cortex tumors | NTIS** PB87-208617/AS |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 77250 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | NTIS** PB87-208617/AS |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 155 gm/kg/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-319,1987 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 37 gm/m3/30M | Behavioral: General anesthetic | YKYUA6 38,1045,1987 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 480 mg/m3 | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | VCVGK* -,24,1984 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 12 gm/m3 | GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 5000 mg/m3/4H | BFUUA* 185,1,1996 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >6000 mg/m3/4H | Eye: Lacrimation Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands Behavioral: Tremor | HPV173 -,-,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 2000 mg/kg | MUREAV 747,164,2012 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2 gm/kg | MUTAEX 2,111,1987 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2562 mg/kg | JAPMA8 38,124,1949 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg | Liver: Changes in liver weight | TXAPA9 111,69,1991 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 800 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | FCTOD7 49,49,2011 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | TXAPA9 111,69,1991 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction | TXAPA9 111,69,1991 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 2800 mg/kg | AMIHAB 14,138,1956 | |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg | Eye: Other eye effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | PCOC** -,851,1966 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 857 mg/kg | 34ZIAG -,210,1969 | |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2600 mg/kg | GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2950 mg/kg | GUCHAZ 6,183,1973 | |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2830 mg/kg | YKYUA6 29,453,1978 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg | WRPCA2 9,119,1970 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2 gm/kg | SPEADM 78-1,18,1978 | |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2000 mg/kg | BFUUA* 185,1,1996 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5145 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor | TOIZAG 20,772,1973 |
| unreported route/human | lowest published lethal dose: 357 mg/kg | YKYUA6 31,1499,1980 | |
| unreported route/man | lowest published lethal dose: 221 mg/kg | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 158 ppm/7H/31W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | AMIHAB 14,138,1956 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 gm/m3/20M/20D- intermittent | Blood: Granulocytopenia Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JAPMA8 38,124,1949 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 gm/m3/30M/31D- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Other eye effects Blood: Granulocytopenia | JAPMA8 38,124,1949 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 950 mg/m3/7H/22W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | VCVGK* -,24,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 158 ppm/7H/31W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | AMIHAB 14,138,1956 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 gm/m3/20M/25D- intermittent | Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Tremor Blood: Granulocytopenia | JAPMA8 38,124,1949 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 140 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | JTSCDR 22,357,1997 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2900 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FCTOD7 49,49,2011 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5800 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | FCTOD7 49,49,2011 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | FCTOD7 49,49,2011 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 58500 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | NTPTR* NTP-TR-319,1987 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kg/1W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | FAATDF 39,67,1997 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kg/7D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | EVHPAZ 110,363,2002 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 92 gm/kg/31W- intermittent | Behavioral: Tremor Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | AMIHAB 14,138,1956 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg/7D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | EVHPAZ 110,363,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9 gm/kg/90D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | EVHPAZ 110,363,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18 gm/kg/90D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight | EVHPAZ 110,363,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 180,233,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/14D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-319,1987 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 58500 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | NTPTR* NTP-TR-319,1987 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 gm/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | AMIHAB 14,138,1956 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 201 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | ARTODN 81,505,2007 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3600 mg/kg/11D- intermittent | Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other | FCTOD7 49,49,2011 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3700 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | FCTOD7 49,49,2011 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7400 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | FCTOD7 49,49,2011 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | FCTOD7 49,49,2011 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TOXID9 66,62,2002 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 10 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMSUDL 7,192,1987 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 73,223,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 7,231,1974 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 7,231,1974 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 29,213,1982 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 29,213,1982 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 73,223,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 73,223,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,111,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 196,1,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 613,17,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,5,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 627,59,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 654,114,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTPAE7 19,111,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 49,138,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 682,94,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 23,271,2008 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Supported | RBREV* -,250,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 75 ppm (450 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,77,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 25 ppm (150 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 50 ppm (300 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | TRK-TMW 20 ppm (122 mg/m3);KZW 50 ppm (306 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 10 ppm (61 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 50 ppm (306 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 10 ppm (60 mg/m3), carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 122 mg/m3 (20 ppm);short term exposure limit 306 mg/m3 (50 ppm), JUN2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 20 ppm (120 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 50 ppm (300 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 0.75 ppm (4.5 mg/m3), VLE 50 ppm (306 mg/m3), C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 122 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 306 mg/m3, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 10 ppm (60 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 50 ppm (306 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 10 ppm (60 mg/m3), 2B carc, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 75 ppm (450 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 110 ppm (675 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 75 ppm (450 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 110 ppm (675 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 25 ppm (153 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 50 ppm (306 mg/m3), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 10 ppm (60 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 20 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 50 ppm, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 10 ppm (60 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 20 ppm (120 mg/m3), JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 20 ppm, carc 3, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 150 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 75 ppm (450 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 75 ppm (450 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 25 ppm (153 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 50 ppm (306 mg/m3), OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 75 ppm (450 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 75 ppm (450 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 75 ppm (450 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 75 ppm (450 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO p-DICHLOROBENZENE-air | Carcinogen (1.7 ppm LOQ) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 24006; Number of Industries 22; Total Number of Facilities 2629; Number of Occupations 21; Total Number of Employees Exposed 33978; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 9412 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 24006; Number of Industries 21; Total Number of Facilities 1963; Number of Occupations 18; Total Number of Employees Exposed 23116 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/121972) | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9004 | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);clear evidence:mouse,rat | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003 | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549 | |
| NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen | |
| On EPA IRIS database |
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division