Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Carbon monoxide

RTECS #

FG3500000

CAS #

630-08-0

Updated

December 2013

Molecular Weight

28.01

Molecular Formula

Synonyms

Carbon monoxide (ACGIH:OSHA)
Carbon oxide (CO)
Carbone (oxyde de) (French)
Carbonic oxide
Carbonio (ossido di) (Italian)
CO
Exhaust gas
Flue gas
Kohlenmonoxid (German)
Kohlenoxyd (German)
Koolmonoxyde (Dutch)
Oxyde de carbone (French)
Wegla tlenek (Polish)

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
micronucleus test	inhalation/mouse	1500 ppm/10M	YOMJA9 27,205,1986
sister chromatid exchange	inhalation/mouse	2500 ppm/10M	YOMJA9 27,205,1986

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	75 ppm/24H (0-20D pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral	BRREAP 844,201,1999
inhalation/rat	150 ppm/24H (1-22D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system	TXAPA9 56,370,1980
inhalation/rat	150 ppm/24H (1-22D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral	NETOD7 2,7,1980
inhalation/rat	1 mg/m³/24H (72D prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)	HYSAAV 35(4-6),277,1970
inhalation/rat	150 ppm/24H (0-20D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral	LIFSAK 59,1553,1996
inhalation/rat	75 ppm/24H (0-20D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system	PHTOEH 73,274,1993
inhalation/rat	150 ppm (0-20D pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical	JPETAB 294,728,2000
inhalation/mouse	65 ppm/24H (7-18D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral	TJADAB 29(2),8B,1984
inhalation/mouse	250 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	TJADAB 19,385,1979
inhalation/mouse	125 ppm/24H (7-18D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	TJADAB 30,253,1984
inhalation/mouse	8 pph/1H (8D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	FPNJAG 11,301,1958
inhalation/mouse	8 pph/1H (8D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system	FPNJAG 11,301,1958
inhalation/rabbit	180 ppm/24H (1-30D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)	LANCAO 2,1220,1972
inhalation/guinea pig	200 ppm/10H (23-61D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system	JNENAD 59,218,2000
inhalation/rat	103 mg/m³ (1-22D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)	VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation/mouse	103 mg/m³ (1-21D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)	VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation/guinea pig	550 mg/m³ (20-40D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)	VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation/guinea pig	480 mg/m³ (20-50D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)	VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation/guinea pig	100 mg/m³ (10W prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)	VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation/guinea pig	100 mg/m³ (10W prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)	VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation/rat	150 ppm (1-20D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system	TOLED5 135,S82,2002
inhalation/mouse	500 ppm (7-18D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	REPTED 20,453,2005
inhalation/mouse	125 ppm (1-7D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)	REPTED 22,263,2006
inhalation/rat	150 ppm (0-20D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system	NSAPCC 369(Suppl 1),R163,2004
inhalation/mouse	125 ppm (1-14D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth	BDERB* 77,216,2006
inhalation/mouse	65 ppm (1-14D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)	BDERB* 77,216,2006
inhalation/mouse	500 ppm (8-18D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Gastrointestinal system	BDERB* 68,355,2003
inhalation/mouse	500 ppm (8-18D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	TSPSA* -,255,2003
inhalation/mouse	500 ppm (8-18D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	TERP2* -,304,2004

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/cat	lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m³/60M	Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/cat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m³/20M	Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/cat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 500 mg/m³/30M		VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/cat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 34400 mg/m³/3M		VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m³/30M	Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/Dog	Lowest published lethal concentration: 23000 mg/m³/20M		VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/Dog	Lowest published lethal concentration: 4000 ppm/46M		HBAMAK 4,1360,1935
inhalation/domestic animal	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/45M	Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP	TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation/domestic animal	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/65M	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation/domestic animal	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/95M	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation/domestic animal	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/100M	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation/domestic animal	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/120M	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation/domestic animal	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/150M	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation/domestic animal	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph	Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects	TXCYAC 179,79,2002
inhalation/domestic animal	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/120M	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects	TXCYAC 186,143,2003
inhalation/domestic animal	Lowest published lethal concentration: 1 pph/2H	Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: General anesthetic	TXCYAC 209,237,2005
inhalation/guinea pig	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 5718 ppm/4H		TXAPA9 17,752,1970
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m³/30M	Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 4600 mg/m³/2H		VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 10300 mg/m³/60M		VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 5000 ppm/5M		TABIA2 3,231,1933
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 3520 mg/m³/5M	Behavioral: Headache	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 3520 mg/m³/30M	Behavioral: General anesthetic Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 3400 mg/m³/20M	Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 mg/m³/17M	Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Tetany	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 5700 mg/m³/2M		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 14080 mg/m³/1M	Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Behavioral: General anesthetic	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 4 mg/m³/12H	Behavioral: Coma Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	TOVEFN (4),26,1999
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 600 mg/m³/10M	Behavioral: Headache	GTPZAB 31(4),34,1987
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 6 mg/m³/25M	Eye: Other eye effects	VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 11 mg/m³/5H	Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 31 mg/m³/3H	Eye: Visual field changes	VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 33 mg/m³/6H	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)	VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m³/2H	Ear: Change in acuity Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG	VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m³/5H	Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests	VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 55 mg/m³/8H	Eye: Other eye effects	VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 60 mg/m³/6H	Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG	VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 80 mg/m³/3H	Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Behavioral: Ataxia	VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 220 mg/m³/1H	Behavioral: Headache	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 220 mg/m³/3H	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 230 mg/m³/6H	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 440 mg/m³/4H	Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 440 mg/m³/1H	Behavioral: Headache Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 460 mg/m³/4H	Behavioral: Headache Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 660 mg/m³/2H	Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 660 mg/m³/4H	Behavioral: General anesthetic	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m³/5M	Behavioral: Headache Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m³/20M	Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Behavioral: Muscle weakness	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m³/3H	Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section	VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 880 mg/m³/2H	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: General anesthetic Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 880 mg/m³/4H	Behavioral: Tetany Behavioral: Coma	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 1260 mg/m³/90M	Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Behavioral: Coma Behavioral: Tetany	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 1300 mg/m³/2H	Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Behavioral: Headache	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 1350 mg/m³/33M	Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 1760 mg/m³/20M	Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 1760 mg/m³/2H	Behavioral: General anesthetic Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 1800 mg/m³/1H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Cardiac: Change in force of contraction	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m³/12M	Behavioral: Tetany Behavioral: Coma	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 mg/m³/1H		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 2300 mg/m³/30M	Behavioral: General anesthetic Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section	VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	Lowest published lethal concentration: 5000 ppm/5M		AEPPAE 138,65,1928
inhalation/man	Lowest published lethal concentration: 4000 ppm/30M		29ZWAE -,207,1968
inhalation/man	lowest published toxic concentration: 650 ppm/45M	Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests	AIHAAP 34,212,1973
inhalation/monkey	lowest published toxic concentration: 1145 mg/m³/30M	Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Multiple effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2230 mg/m³/2H		VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/40M	Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases	TXAPA9 194,280,2004
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2444 ppm/4H		TXAPA9 17,752,1970
inhalation/mouse	Lowest published lethal concentration: 1900 mg/m³/2H		VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/rabbit	Lowest published lethal concentration: 4000 ppm		HBAMAK 4,1360,1935
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m³/2H	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve	VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 6600 mg/m³/10M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema	VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation/rabbit	Lowest published lethal concentration: 17200 mg/m³/40M		VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation/rabbit	Lowest published lethal concentration: 20000 mg/m³/60M		VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 40 mg/m³/4H	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)	VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/60M	Behavioral: General anesthetic	TOLED5 170,111,2007
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/120M	Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning	TOLED5 170,111,2007
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2 pph/10M	Cardiac: Other changes	BCLPT* 98,565,2006
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 4000 mg/m³/90M	Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	TOVEFN (6),2,2006
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 ppm/40M	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	TXCYAC 262,146,2009
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/40M	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes	TXCYAC 264,69,2009
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 88 mg/m³/20M	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P	VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 176 mg/m³/20M	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes	VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m³/4H	Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)	VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1900 mg/m³/4H		VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m³/11M	Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 13500 mg/m³/15M		VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 6600 ppm/30M		ENTOX* -,639,2005
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 3000 ppm/60M	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes	TXCYAC 225,138,2006
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 24000 ppm/4M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	INHTE5 17,755,2005
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 pph/40M	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum	ARTODN 76,596,2002
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm	Blood: Other changes	TOXID9 66,345,2002
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 12000 ppm		TOXID9 66,345,2002
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 24000 ppm/4M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	INHTE5 17,755,2005
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (30 percent kill): 24000 ppm/5M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory obstruction Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis	INHTE5 17,755,2005
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/5M	Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	INHTE5 17,755,2005
inhalation/rat	lethal dose (30 percent kill): 24000 ppm/5M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory obstruction Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis	INHTE5 17,755,2005
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 500 ppm/5M	Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	INHTE5 17,755,2005
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1005 ppm/90M	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS	TOLED5 145,101,2003
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/2H	Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	TXCYAC 194,51,2003
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 4000 ppm/15M	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	TXCYAC 194,51,2003
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/5M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Blood: Other changes	TOXID9 72,297,2003
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1807 ppm/4H		TXAPA9 17,752,1970
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/40M	Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion)	TXAPA9 194,280,2004
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 5200 mg/m³/1H		VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation/wild bird	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1334 ppm		AECTCV 12,355,1983
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 2240.8 µg/kg	Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	JPETAB 319,1265,2006
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 35 mL/kg	Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function	NETEEC 23,157,2001

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m³/5H/4W- intermittent	Endocrine: Hyperglycemia	GISAAA 30(5),30,1965
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m³/5H/30W- intermittent	Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP	GISAAA 31(3),102,1966
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/24H/90D- continuous	Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Other changes	TXAPA9 19,46,1971
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m³/10W- continuous	Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle	VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 16 pph/48H-continuous	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	VCVN1* -,329,1988
inhalation/man	lowest published toxic concentration: 2 pph/30D- intermittent	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVN1* -,329,1988
inhalation/monkey	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/24H/90D- continuous	Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Other changes	TXAPA9 19,46,1971
inhalation/monkey	lowest published toxic concentration: 110 mg/m³/90D- intermittent	Cardiac: Other changes	VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/30D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi	NKYZA2 10,16,1972
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m³/4H/10W- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Other changes Endocrine: Other changes	VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m³/3H/13W- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Other changes Blood: Hemorrhage	GISAAA 24(6),22,1959
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/24H/8W- continuous	Blood: Changes in platelet count	JEPTDQ 4(1),351,1980
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 110 mg/m³/1Y- intermittent	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)	VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 170 mg/m³/45D- intermittent	Vascular: Structural changes in vessels	VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 4.5 pph/13D- continuous	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	VCVN1* -,329,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m³/4H/10W- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Other changes Endocrine: Other changes	VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 53 mg/m³/30D- continuous	Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m³/1W- continuous	Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 105 ppm/7D- continuous	Cardiac: Cardiomegaly Blood: Other changes Cardiac: Change in force of contraction	ETOPFR 8,23,1999
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 315 ppm/21D- continuous	Cardiac: Changes in coronary arteries Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)	ETOPFR 8,23,1999
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1800 ppm/1H/14D- intermittent	Cardiac: Other changes	TOPADD 15,366,1987
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m³/8H/10W- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity	GISAAA 26(3),3,1961
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 96 ppm/24H/90D- continuous	Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Other changes	TXAPA9 19,46,1971
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppm/5H/20D- intermittent	Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count	BECTA6 13,537,1975
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 375 mg/m³/5H/20W- intermittent	Vascular: Structural changes in vessels Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Other changes	WDZAEK 6,133,1992
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 700 mL/kg/7D- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	CYLPDN 21,360,2000
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 700 mL/kg/7D- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	CYLPDN 22,423,2001
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5983 mg/kg/18W- intermittent	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)	TOLED5 1,275,1978

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 25 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXCYAC 187,25,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 558,7,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CTOXAO 39,35,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CMAJAX 166,1685,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXCYAC 180,139,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		AOHYA3 17,159,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTIS** CONF-691001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 140-141,183,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ARPTDI 45,147,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CRTXB2 32,259,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		BPAAAG 135,350,1967
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		JTCTDW 39,1,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 134,3,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		DIMON* 46,551,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,639,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		PAREAQ 57,585,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FSINDR 161,41,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FSINDR 164,164,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ITODC* -,327,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HUTOX* -,247,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HUTOX* -,661,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MCLNA* 89,1161,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TPHSDY 29,361,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 674,3,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 674,45,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 636,144,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 636,36,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		PTPAD4 113,229,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		AIRMJ* 21,10,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CPEMM* 9,43,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HTCWA* 2,271,
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		JFSCAS 19,211,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		REPTED 29,1,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NEUCL* 15,711,1997
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NEUCL* 18,215,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NCLNA* 16,107,1998
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NEUCL* 23,485,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NBREV* 5,1,1981
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		PRESR* 7,123,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,265,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,617,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,617,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,629,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,671,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,689,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,711,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,747,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,753,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 717,38,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 717,46,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 28,485,2013

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,41,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt	time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 30 ppm (34 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 30 ppm (33 mg/m³);KZW 60 ppm (66 mg/m³), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 25 ppm (29 mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 25 ppm (29 mg/m³), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 30 ppm (35 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 75 ppm (87 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 50 ppm (55 mg/m³), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 30 ppm (35 mg/m³), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	time-weighted average 33 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 132 mg/m³, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 25 ppm (29 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-INDIA	time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 400 ppm (440 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	Occupational Exposure Limit 50 ppm (57 mg/m³), MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 400 ppm (440 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 400 ppm (400 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	short term exposure limit 200 ppm (15 min), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	short term exposure limit 100 ppm (30 min), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	short term exposure limit 50 ppm (60 min), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 35 ppm (40 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 25 ppm (29 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 30 mg/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 180 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 200 mg/m³ (15M), JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 100 mg/m³ (30M), JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 50 mg/m³ (1H), JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 20 mg/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 35 ppm (40 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (120 mg/m³), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	ceiling concentration 30 ppm (35 mg/m³), JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND	time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 29 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 30 ppm (35 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 200 ppm (232 mg/m³), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CARBON MONOXIDE-air	8H time-weighted average 35 ppm;ceiling concentration 200 ppm	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 17460; Number of Industries 24; Total Number of Facilities 1950; Number of Occupations 52; Total Number of Employees Exposed 68434; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 7860
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 17460; Number of Industries 43; Total Number of Facilities 2593; Number of Occupations 68; Total Number of Employees Exposed 32958

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Carbon monoxide, 6604
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID209
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID210

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Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
Page last updated:February 6, 2017
Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division

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