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Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Dipyrido(1,2-a;2',1'-c)pyrazinediium, 6,7-dihydro-, dibromide

RTECS #

JM5690000

CAS #

85-00-7

Updated

December 2013

Molecular Weight

344.08

Molecular Formula

C12H12N2·2Br

Synonyms

1,1'-Aethylen-2,2'-bipyridinium-dibromid (German)
1,1'-Ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium dibromide
1,1'-Ethylene-2,2'-dipyridylium dibromide
5,6-Dihydro-dipyrido(1,2a;2,1c)pyrazinium dibromide
6,7-Dihydropyrido(1,2-a;2',1'-c)pyrazinedium dibromide
9,10-Dihydro-8a,10,-diazoniaphenanthrene dibromide
9,10-Dihydro-8a,10a-diazoniaphenanthrene(1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium)dibromide
Diquat dibromide
Ethylene dipyridylium dibromide
Ortho-Diquat
PP 100
Preeglone
Reglon
Reglone
Weedtrine-D

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 10 mg mildBJIMAG 27,51,1970
skin /rabbit 400 mg/20D mildBJIMAG 27,51,1970

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysislung/hamster20 µmol/LTIVIEQ 3,53,1989
DNA inhibitionlymphocyte/human500 mg/LARTODN 45,101,1980
DNA inhibitionother cell types/rat100 mg/LARTODN 45,101,1980
DNA repair/Salmonella typhimurium10 µg/plateMUREAV 68,183,1979
gene conversion and mitotic recombination/Saccharomyes cerevisiae1000 ppmMUREAV 22,111,1974
micronucleus testoral/mouse34.0 mg/kgMUTAEX 21,375,2006
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium100 nmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step)TOLED5 3,169,1979
mutation in microorganisms/Aspergillus nidulans500 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 68,183,1979
mutation in microorganisms/Escherichia coli2200 nmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)ENMUDM 3,11,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction/Aspergillus nidulans10 gm/LMUREAV 68,183,1979
sister chromatid exchangelung/hamster100 nmol/LTOLED5 31(Suppl),214,1986
Unscheduled DNA Synthesisother cell types/human20 mg/LMUREAV 68,183,1979
Unscheduled DNA Synthesisfibroblast/human1 µmol/LMUREAV 42,161,1977

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intraperitoneal/rat 7 mg/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system		26UZAB 6,257,1968/1970
intraperitoneal/mouse 10800 µg/kg (9-12D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal systemBECTA6 25,513,1980
intravenous/rat 15 mg/kg (17D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death		TXAPA9 33,450,1975

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Human, lung tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.11 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 1,85,1987
In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.7 mmol/L/4MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currentsTXAPA9 245,191,2010
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kgPAREAQ 14,225,1962
intravaginal/woman lowest published toxic dose: 400 µL/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other		JTCTDW 37,877,1999
intravenous/rat lowest published lethal dose: 14 mg/kgNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain26UZAB 6,257,1968/1970
oral/domestic animal lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 mg/kg85GYAV -,102,1971
oral/duck lethal dose (50 percent kill): 564 mg/kgDOEAAH 35,25,1979
oral/man lowest published lethal dose: 1514 µL/kgBehavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Cardiac: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)		JTCTDW 38,149,2000
oral/man lowest published lethal dose: 750 mg/kgBehavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Vascular: Shock

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea		JTCTDW 37,881,1999
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 68 mg/kgMUTAEX 21,375,2006
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 120 mg/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesPRKHDK 1,31,1975
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kgBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningHBPTO* 1,699,2001
oral/woman lowest published lethal dose: 52.2 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Changes in circulation

Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes		AJEMEN 19,527,2001
oral/woman lowest published lethal dose: 400 µL/kgBehavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)		AJMEAZ 70,1267,1981
skin/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): >500 mg/kgWRPCA2 9,119,1970
skin/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 433 mg/kgFAATDF 7,299,1986
subcutaneous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 11 mg/kgEye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea		BJIMAG 27,51,1970
unreported route/mammal (species unspecified) lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg30ZDA9 -,409,1971

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1900 µg/m3/4H/19W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases		KHZDAN 15,25,1972
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 42.5 mg/kg/5D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldMUTAEX 21,375,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 988 mg/kg/19W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Endocrine: Hypoglycemia

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Isomerases		KHZDAN 12,325,1969
skin/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 37.5 mg/kg/3D- intermittentGastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field		HBPTO* 1,699,2001

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (inhal)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCRTXB2 1(1),93,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWDTTIAF 80,485,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,78,2005

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESRED CompletedRBREV* -,115,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3DTLWS* 3,17,1973
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 0.5 mg/m3;KZW 1 mg/m3, inhal, skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1.5 mg/m3, skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 0.5 mg/m3, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 0.05 mg/m3, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 0.5 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, OCT2007

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO DIQUAT-air10H time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 83281; Number of Industries 2; Total Number of Facilities 98; Number of Occupations 3; Total Number of Employees Exposed 200

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
On EPA IRIS database

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