Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Disulfide, bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)

RTECS #

JO1225000

CAS #

97-77-8

Updated

December 2013

Molecular Weight

296.56

Molecular Formula

C₁₀H₂₀N₂S₄

Synonyms

1,1'-Dithiobis(N,N-diethylthioformamide)
Abstensil
Abstinil
Abstinyl
Alcophobin
Antabus
Antabuse
Antaenyl
Antaethyl
Antalcol
Antetan
Antetil
Anti-ethyl
Antietil
Antikol
Antivitium
Aversan
Averzan
Bis((diethylamino)thioxomethyl)disulphide
Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide
Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide
Bis(N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide
Bis(N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide
Contralin
Cronetal
Dicupral
Disulfiram
Disulfiram (ACGIH)
Disulfuram
Disulphuram
Dupon 4472
Dupont fungicide 4472
Ekagom TEDS
ENT 27,340
Ephorran
Espenal
Esperal
Etabus
Ethyl thiram
Ethyl thiurad
Ethyl tuads
Ethyl TUEX
Ethyldithiourame
Ethyldithiurame
Exhoran
Formamide, 1,1'-dithiobis(N,N-diethylthio-
HOCA
Krotenal
N,N,N',N'-Tetraethylthiuram disulphide
NCI-C02959
Nocbin
Noxal
NSC 190940
Refusal
Ro-Sulfiram
Stopetyl
Tenurid
Tenutex
TETD
Tetidis
Tetradin
Tetradine
Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide
Tetraethylthiram disulphide
Tetraethylthiuram
Tetraethylthiuram disulfide
Tetraethylthiuram disulphide
Tetraetil
Teturam
Teturamin
Thiuram disulfide, tetraethyl-
Thiuram E
Thiuranide
USAF B-33

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	0.1 gm	mild	HPV407 -,-,2001

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
DNA inhibition	HeLa cell/human	100 µmol/L	CRNGDP 13,2389,1992
DNA inhibition	embryo/mouse	10 mg/L	JJATDK 5,1,1985
DNA inhibition	embryo/chicken	120 nmol/L	BBACAQ 519,65,1978
morphological transform	embryo/hamster	20 µg/L	MUREAV 356,85,1996
morphological transform	oral/rat	12600 mg/kg/6W	CRNGDP 9,387,1988
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	other cell types/mouse	4100 µg/L (-enzymatic activation step)	HPV407 ,,2001
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	25 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	CBINA8 49,329,1984
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	20 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	PCBRD2 141,407,1984
other mutation test systems	embryo/chicken	120 nmol/L	BBACAQ 519,65,1978
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	5 µmol/L	SWEHDO 9(Suppl 2),27,1983
sister chromatid exchange	oral/mouse	200 mg/kg	FCTOD7 37,757,1999
specific locus test	lymphocyte/mouse	16 µg/L	EMMUEG 17,196,1991

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/rat	5 gm/kg (3-12D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	JRPFA4 39,375,1974
oral/rat	310 mg/kg (31D male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct	TXAPA9 107,164,1991
oral/mouse	13200 mg/kg (15D prior to copulation/1-18D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)	JJATDK 5,1,1985
oral/mouse	39200 mg/kg (7-14D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)	NTIS** PB86-197605
oral/rat	2800 mg/kg (14D male)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic	FATOAO 48,86,1985
parenteral/rat	400 mg/kg (4-11D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	BEXBAN 93,107,1982
parenteral/rat	800 mg/kg (2D male/2D prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	BEXBAN 93,107,1982
subcutaneous/mouse	1278 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	NTIS** PB223-160
subcutaneous/mouse	1278 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	NTIS** PB223-160

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 35 gm/kg/78W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	NTIS** PB223-159
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Blood: Tumors	NTIS** PB223-159

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 µmol/L/1H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases	TXAPA9 248,210,2010
In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/1H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TXAPA9 248,210,2010
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 75 mg/kg		NTIS** AD691-490
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 248 mg/kg	Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	JNPHAG 9,35,1978
oral/child	lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	34ZIAG -,230,1969
oral/Dog	lowest published lethal dose: 3500 mg/kg	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	APTOA6 8,305,1952
oral/human	lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg	Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins	SWEHDO 4,66,1978
oral/human	lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg	Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Endocrine: Change in LH	SWEHDO 4,66,1978
oral/human	lowest published lethal dose: 160 mg/kg	Behavioral: Coma Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from large intestine Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring)	BMJOAE 2,94,1977
oral/man	lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/6W- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Encephalitis Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other	AJGAAR 93,830,1998
oral/man	lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/6W- intermittent	Musculoskeletal: Joints	ARHEAW 25,1494,1982
oral/man	lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg/6W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse	AIMDAP 143,1271,1983
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1.013 mg/kg		TCMUD8 22,83,2001
oral/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1800 mg/kg	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	APTOA6 8,305,1952
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Cardiomyopathy including infarction Liver: Multiple effects	FATOAO 50,52,1987
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg		HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/woman	lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/2W	Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold	SMJOAV 80,1577,1987
oral/woman	lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg/18D- intermittent	Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified	JCLPDE 46,67,1985
oral/woman	lowest published lethal dose: 90 mg/kg/18D- intermittent	Behavioral: Coma Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)	DMWOAX 118,1355,1993
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2000 mg/kg		HPV407 -,-,2001
subcutaneous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2600 mg/kg		NIIRDN -,523,1995
subcutaneous/rat	Lethal dose: >4 gm/kg		APTOA6 8,305,1952
Tank with water/Daphnia	Lowest published lethal concentration: 3.2 µg/L/21D		AQUTO* 7,165,1985

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 375 mg/kg/5D- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)	ARTODN 83,571,2009
ocular/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 58.75 mg/kg/47D- intermittent	Eye: Other eye effects Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	BPBLEO 31,981,2008
ocular/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 82.5 mg/kg/33D- intermittent	Eye: Other eye effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on active transport	BPBLEO 31,981,2008
ocular/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 41.25 mg/kg/33D- intermittent	Eye: Other eye effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	BPBLEO 31,981,2008
oral/Dog	lowest published toxic dose: 1750 mg/kg/7D- intermittent	Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood: Changes in spleen	APTOA6 8,305,1952
oral/man	lowest published toxic dose: 39.3 mg/kg/11D- intermittent	Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)	BCPHBM 53,155,2002
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 3200 mg/kg/16D- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent	MOCAT* 3,1049,2004
oral/rabbit	lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/18D- intermittent	Spinal Cord: Demyelination Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal	APTOA6 8,305,1952
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 91250 mg/kg/2Y- intermittent	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 11200 mg/kg/28D- intermittent	Eye: Other eye effects Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases	TXCYAC 197,177,2004
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5250 mg/kg/1W- intermittent	Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TOXID9 66,44,2002
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 31.5 gm/kg/6W- intermittent	Musculoskeletal: Other changes	TOXID9 66,44,2002
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 40500 mg/kg/9W- intermittent	Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TOXID9 60,33,2001
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 7 gm/kg/7D- intermittent	Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Blood: Changes in spleen	APTOA6 8,305,1952
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 6750 mg/kg/6W- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals	TOLED5 75,235,1995
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 7770 mg/kg/3W- intermittent	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	APTOA6 55,339,1984
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 6545 mg/kg/13W- intermittent	Autonomic Nervous System: Parasympatholytic Gastrointestinal: Contraction (isolated tissue) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	APTOA6 55,339,1984
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 720 mg/kg/60D- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases	EPEPEG 292,89,1994
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 44640 mg/kg/2Y- continuous	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	JPMSAE 59,1267,1970
oral/woman	lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/5D- intermittent	Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Liver: Jaundice (or hyperbilirubinemia) hepatocellular Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects	JHEPT* 21,853,1994
oral/woman	lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/8W- intermittent	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Paresthesia	JTCTDW 46,314,2008
oral/woman	lowest published toxic dose: 760 mg/kg/91D- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent	MOCAT* 3,1049,2004

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 2 mg/m³	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 12,85,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 12,85,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 3	IMSUDL 7,56,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CRTXB2 2,365,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		JHEPT* 21,853,1994
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		AINCM* 7,63,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		DIMON* 39,678,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		JHEPT* 44,791,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,84,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		DERCL* 27,289,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NBREV* 3,179,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NEUCL* 23,377,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NBREV* 9,299,1985
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXAPA9 243,225,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,671,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 727,42,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 750,1,2012

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 2 mg/m³, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 2 mg/m³;KZW 20 mg/m³, inhal, sen, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 2 mg/m³, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 2 mg/m³, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 2 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 6 mg/m³, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 2 mg/m³, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 2 mg/m³ (inhal.), skin, 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 2 mg/m³, sen, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 2 mg/m³, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 2 mg/m³;short term exposure limit 3 mg/m³, 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 2 mg/m³, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 2 mg/m³, JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 1 mg/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m³, Sen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 2 mg/m³, inhal, sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 1 mg/m³, 2003

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO DISULFIRAM-air	10H time-weighted average 2 mg/m³	NIOSH* DHHS #95-121,1995
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 80219; Number of Industries 28; Total Number of Facilities 2688; Number of Occupations 51; Total Number of Employees Exposed 53525; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 6305
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 80219; Number of Industries 4; Total Number of Facilities 209; Number of Occupations 24; Total Number of Employees Exposed 4441

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed);no evidence:mouse,rat	NCITR* NCI-TR-166,1979
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 23, 1978

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Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
Page last updated:February 6, 2017
Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division

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