Skip directly to search Skip directly to A to Z list Skip directly to navigation Skip directly to page options Skip directly to site content

Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-

RTECS #

KI8575000

CAS #

79-34-5

Updated

September 201

Molecular Weight

167.84

Molecular Formula

C2H2Cl4

Synonyms

1,1,2,2-Czterochloroetan (Polish)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloorethaan (Dutch)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloraethan (German)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachlorethane (French)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (ACGIH:OSHA)
1,1,2,2-Tetracloroetano (Italian)
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-dichloroethane
Acetylene tetrachloride
Bonoform
Cellon
NCI-C03554
RCRA waste number U209
s-Tetrachloroethane
sym-Tetrachloroethane
TCE
Tetrachlorethane
Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachlorure d'acetylene (French)
Westron

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 0.1 mLHPV169 -,-,2004
skin /rabbit 0.01 mL severeHPV169 -,-,2004

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
DNA inhibitionHeLa cell/human6 mmol/LCRNGDP 13,2389,1992
DNA repair/Escherichia coli15866 µg/plateCNREA8 34,2576,1974
gene conversion and mitotic recombination/Saccharomyes cerevisiae5.2 mmol/L/1H (-enzymatic activation step)HPV169 -,-,2004
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)TECSDY 15,101,1987
other mutation test systems/Escherichia coli14768 µmol/LEMMUEG 19,98,1992
other mutation test systemsoral/mouse200 mg/kgMUREAV 343,157,1995
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction/Aspergillus nidulans200 ppmMUREAV 201,401,1988
sister chromatid exchangeovary/hamster56 mg/LEMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intraperitoneal/mouse 5600 mg/kg (1-14D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)HPV169 -,-,2004

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 55 gm/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors		NCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978
oral/mouse toxic dose: 110 gm/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors		NCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 77532 mg/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains		HPV169 -,-,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 42 gm/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors		NCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Mouse, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.2 mmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)TIVIEQ 3,145,1989
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.6 mmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)TIVIEQ 3,145,1989
inhalation/cat lowest published toxic concentration: 5700 mg/m3/5HBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,386,1990
inhalation/cat Lowest published lethal concentration: 19000 mg/m3/45MEye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands		HPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/cat Lowest published lethal concentration: 19 gm/m3/45MEye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: General anesthetic

Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands		AHBAAM 116,131,1936
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 mg/m3/30MBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions		AHBAAM 116,131,1936
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 mg/kg/30MBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Headache		VCVGH* -,386,1990
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 8500 mg/m3/2HBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,307,1990
inhalation/mouse Lowest published lethal concentration: 40000 mg/m3/2HVCVGH* -,386,1990
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4500 mg/m3/8HHPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/mouse Lowest published lethal concentration: 40500 mg/m3/3HBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration		HPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4500 mg/m3/2HVCVGH* -,386,1990
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 8600 mg/m3/4HLiver: Other changesHPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 6860 mg/m3/4HHPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 130 mg/m3Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach

Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes		TPKVAL 15,76,1979
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/4HGastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach

Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes		TPKVAL 15,76,1979
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 1000 ppm/4HJIHTAB 31,343,1949
intraperitoneal/guinea pig lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kgLiver: Fatty liver degenerationAIHAAP 35,21,1974
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 821 mg/kgHPV169 -,-,2004
intravenous/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kgQJPPAL 7,205,1934
oral/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kgLiver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Behavioral: Sleep

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration		AJHYA2 16,325,1932
oral/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 479 mg/kgLiver: Other changesHPV169 -,-,2004
oral/human lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kgBehavioral: General anestheticPCOC** -,1110,1966
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kgINHEAO 32,145,1994
oral/rat lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kgHPV169 -,-,2004
skin/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3990 mg/kgHPV169 -,-,2004
subcutaneous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1108 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)HPV169 -,-,2004
subcutaneous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1108 mg/kgBehavioral: Sleep

Behavioral: Ataxia		JPETAB 123,224,1958
subcutaneous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kgQJPPAL 7,205,1934

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/36W- intermittentBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea		HPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 7000 ppm/4W- intermittentLiver: Fatty liver degeneration

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field		HPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 15 ppm/28W- intermittentLiver: Other changesHPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 108 ppm/13W- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruliHPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 560 ppm/15W- intermittentLiver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Liver: Changes in liver weight		HPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 7 ppm/26D- intermittentBehavioral: Excitement

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition		HPV169 -,-,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/4H/6W- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)		GTPZAB 21(2),30,1977
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 130 mg/m3/4D- intermittentPeripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerveTPKVAL 15,76,1979
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 130 mg/m3/8D- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in spleen weightTPKVAL 15,76,1979
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/4D- intermittentPeripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight		TPKVAL 15,76,1979
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 16 gm/kg/40D- intermittentBehavioral: Sleep

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field		SAIGBL 8,371,1966
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 55380 mg/kg/78W- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field		HPV169 -,-,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 9480 mg/kg/6W- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldNCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2184 mg/kg/3W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)		HPV169 -,-,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4368 mg/kg/3W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field		HPV169 -,-,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 24180 mg/kg/78W- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field		HPV169 -,-,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 604.8 mg/kg/27W- intermittentBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other esterases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases		HPV169 -,-,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3780 mg/kg/27W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects		HPV169 -,-,2004

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 ppm (skin)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Limited EvidenceIMEMDT 20,477,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Limited EvidenceIMEMDT 71,817,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Inadequate EvidenceIMSUDL 7,354,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 71,817,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 3IMEMDT 71,817,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 628,67,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,148,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHETOEA 25,413,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,577,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 672,10,2009

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin)DTLVS* 3,249,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 1 ppm (6.9 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 3 ppm (21 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), VLE 5 ppm (35 mg/m3), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 7 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 1 ppm (6.9 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 10 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 1 ppm (6.9 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 35 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 5 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 1 ppm (7 mg/m3), KZG-week 2 ppm (14 mg/m3), carc 3, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 7 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE-air10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 1 ppmNIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 71460; Number of Industries 2; Total Number of Facilities 501; Number of Occupations 10; Total Number of Employees Exposed 4145; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 926
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 71460; Number of Industries 8; Total Number of Facilities 244; Number of Occupations 15; Total Number of Employees Exposed 7044

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/97/121099/AS)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA without S9; S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-homozygosis; S cerevisiae-reversion
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);clear evidence:mouseNCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);equivocal evidence:ratNCITR* NCI-TR-27,1978
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1019
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (prechronic studies), October 2000
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (peer review), October 2000
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 2000
On EPA IRIS database

Follow NIOSH

NIOSH Homepage

TOP