Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Zinc chloride
RTECS #
ZH1400000CAS #
7646-85-7Updated
September 201Molecular Weight
136.27Molecular Formula
Cl2ZnSynonyms
Butter of zincChlorure de zinc (French)
Zinc (chlorure de) (French)
Zinc butter
Zinc chloride fume
Zinc chloride fume (ACGIH:OSHA)
Zinc dichloride
Zinco (cloruro di) (Italian)
Zinkchlorid (German)
Zinkchloride (Dutch)
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| skin /rabbit | 1%/5D open irritation test | severe | HBTME* ,925,2007 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 300 µmol/L | TXCYAC 10,67,1978 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | Ascites tumor/rat | 700 mg/kg | GANNA2 54,155,1963 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 18 gm/kg/30D-continuous | CRSBAW 176,563,1982 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 7.5 mg/kg | HBTME* -,925,2007 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/human | 2 mmol/L | MUREAV 193,237,1988 |
| DNA inhibition | parenteral/mouse | 16 mg/kg | CCCCAK 48,3020,1983 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/human | 360 µmol/L | IAAAAM 77,461,1985 |
| host-mediated assay | Salmonella typhimurium/mouse | 6 mg/kg | SOGEBZ 13,1010,1977 |
| micronucleus test | lymphocyte/human | 100 mg/L | TXAPA9 197,259,2004 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/non-mammalian species | 170 µg/L/48H | MUREAV 209,131,1988 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 100 nmol/L/7D | ARTODN 79,90,2005 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 10 mg/L/10D | MUREAV 702,100,2010 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 180 µmol/L | CNREA8 39,193,1979 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 25 mg/L | TXAPA9 197,259,2004 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 90 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) | SOGEBZ 13,1010,1977 |
| other mutation test systems | lymphocyte/human | 2 mg | CRSBAW 176,563,1982 |
| phage inhibition capacity | /Escherichia coli | 3200 µmol/L | ENMUDM 6,59,1984 |
| specific locus test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 6 mmol/L | MUREAV 320,133,1994 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | lymphocyte/human | 180 µmol/L | IAAAAM 77,461,1985 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 20500 µg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | JPMSAE 66,1755,1977 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 12500 µg/kg (11D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | DABBBA 36,6103,1975 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 30 gm/kg (7-8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TJADAB 29(3),23A,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 50 mg(Zn)/kg (8-11D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | HBTME* -,925,2007 |
| intravaginal/rabbit | 29184 µg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | CCPTAY 22,659,1980 |
| oral/rat | 1.8 gm/kg (98D male/98D pre-3W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear | TOXID9 72,75,2003 |
| oral/rat | 7.1 gm/kg (98D male/98D pre-3W after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | TOXID9 72,75,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 186 mg/kg (98D male/98D pre-3W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 72,75,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 186 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | TOXID9 72,75,2003 |
| oral/rat | 1.8 gm/kg (98D male/98D pre-3W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | TOXID9 72,76,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 456 mg/kg (70D male/70D pre-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | TOXID9 1,110,2001 |
| oral/mouse | 456 mg/kg (70D male/70D pre-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TOXID9 1,110,2001 |
| oral/rat | 155 mg/kg (33D male) | Reproductive: Other effects on male Endocrine: Change in LH Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins | JOENAK 79,151,1978 |
| oral/rat | 6 gm/kg (77D male/77D pre-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TOXID9 54,369,2000 |
| parenteral/rat | 37500 µg/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | 56ZJAL 5,722,1998 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| parenteral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | CANCAR 6,464,1953 |
| parenteral/hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 17 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors | CNREA8 34,2612,1974 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.329 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 3,189,1989 |
| In Vitro/kvx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TXCYAC 270,66,2010 |
| In Vitro/kvx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 270,66,2010 |
| In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 µmol/L/66H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TXCYAC 270,66,2010 |
| In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.12 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,537,1993 |
| In Vitro/pzx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 30 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 276,27,2010 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 4800 mg/m3/30M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | FerJJ# 10JAN1974 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1960 mg/m3/10M | Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Excitement | ARTODN 59,160,1986 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2000 mg/m3 | HBTME* -,925,2007 | |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 173 mg/kg | AEHLAU 11,201,1965 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 24 mg/kg | TXAPA9 63,461,1982 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 58 mg/kg | Eye: Miosis (pupilliary constriction) Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VHTODE 30,224,1988 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9.3 mg/kg | Endocrine: Hyperglycemia Blood: Other changes | TXAPA9 32,316,1975 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other) Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXAPA9 201,149,2004 |
| intratracheal/rat | Lethal dose: >1500 µL/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | ARDSBL 141(Suppl),A3-A937,1990 |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9090 µg/kg | INJPD2 23,153,1991 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 11 mg/kg | TXAPA9 9,269,1966 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3690 µg/kg | INJPD2 23,153,1991 | |
| oral/child | lowest published toxic dose: 169 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other | AEMED3 23,1383,1994 |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | FOREAE 7,313,1942 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.04 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | FCTOD7 39,571,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1.56 mg/kg | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOXID9 66,34,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 329 mg/kg | INJPD2 23,153,1991 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 350 mg/kg | FOREAE 7,313,1942 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 330 mg/kg | OYYAA2 8,1067,1974 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TOSCF2 97,140,2007 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic dose: 6875 mg/kg/39W- intermittent | Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | GISAAA 51(4),89,1986 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 21504 mg/kg/12W- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | EOGRAL 95,92,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 13440 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Behavioral: Fluid intake Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | BPBLEO 23,305,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 76.44 mg/kg/14W- intermittent | Blood: Normocytic anemia Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOXID9 72,75,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 109.2 mg/kg/20W- intermittent | Behavioral: Euphoria Blood: Normocytic anemia Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOXID9 72,75,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 218.4 mg/kg/20W- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Reproductive: Maternal effects: Breasts, lactation (prior to or during pregnancy) | TOXID9 72,75,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 49.42 gm/kg/3W- intermittent | Cardiac: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Na Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | CBCPAI 132,53,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 284.4 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | TOXID9 1,109,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 284.4 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight | TOXID9 1,109,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5690 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TOXID9 54,37,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 910 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | GISAAA 44(10),17,1979 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1680 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOXID9 48,334,1999 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 595 mg/kg/2W- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake | FCTOD7 39,729,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3360 mg/kg/12W- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake | FCTOD7 39,729,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOLED5 187,137,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.68 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | BJPCBM 158,442,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.26 mg/kg/3W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Behavioral: Fluid intake | BJPCBM 158,442,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 345.8 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Musculoskeletal: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | TXCYAC 237,89,2007 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 40881 µg/kg/3D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXAPA9 242,182,2010 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 40.5 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | TOXID9 -,235,2009 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/2D- intermittent | Cardiac: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 179,85,2002 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 437.5 mg/kg/70D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOXID9 1,110,2001 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 109.2 mg/kg/70D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOXID9 1,110,2001 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3 (fume) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ANAEA3 35,165,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FOREAE 7,313,1942 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTXAV 9,105,1971 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PEXTAR 12,102,1969 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,479,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HBTME* ,925,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,515,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,205,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | RED Completed | RBREV* -,346,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (fume) | DTLVS* 3,283,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (fume), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3 (fume), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3 (fume), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.5 mg(Zn)/m3 (fume), MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 1 mg/m3 (fume), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 0.1 mg(Zn)/m3, resp, 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 2 mg(Zn)/m3, inhal, 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.5 mg(Zn)/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3 (fume), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3; short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (resp. dust), JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 0.1 mg(Zn)/m3, KZG-week 0.4 mg(Zn)/m3, resp, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 1 mg/m3, smoke, resp, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 2 mg(Zn)/m3, KZG-week 4 mg(Zn)/m3, inhal, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (fume), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 1 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (fume), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3 (fume), OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, fume | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, fume | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, fume | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, fume | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ZINC CHLORIDE FUME-air | 10H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 77150; Number of Industries 172; Total Number of Facilities 22612; Number of Occupations 115; Total Number of Employees Exposed 353004; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 87750 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 77150; Number of Industries 192; Total Number of Facilities 20416; Number of Occupations 84; Total Number of Employees Exposed 185570 |
Status in Federal Agencies
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division