Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Ethylene, trichloro-
RTECS #
KX4550000CAS #
79-01-6; 52037-46-4Updated
December 2013Molecular Weight
131.38Molecular Formula
C2HCl3Synonyms
1,1,2-Trichloroethylene1,1-Dichloro-2-chloroethylene
1,2,2-Trichloroethylene
1-Chloro-2,2-dichloroethylene
Acetylene trichloride
Algylen
Anamenth
Benzinol
Blacosolv
Blancosolv
Cecolene
Chlorilen
Chlorylen
Circosolv
Crawhaspol
Densinfluat
Dow-tri
Dukeron
Ethinyl trichloride
Ethylene trichloride
Fleck-flip
Flock FLIP
Fluate
Germalgene
Lanadin
Lethurin
Narcogen
Narkosoid
NCI-C04546
Nialk
Perm-A-chlor
Petzinol
Philex
RCRA waste number U228
TCE
Threthylen
Threthylene
Trethylene
Tri
Triad
Trial
Triasol
Trichlooretheen (Dutch)
Trichloorethyleen, tri (Dutch)
Trichloraethen (German)
Trichloraethylen, tri (German)
Trichloran
Trichloren
Trichlorethylene, tri (French)
Trichloroethene
Trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene (ACGIH:OSHA)
Trichloroethylene (IUPAC)
Tri-clene
Tricloretene (Italian)
Tricloroetilene (Italian)
Trielene
Trielin
Trielina (Italian)
Trieline
Trilen
Trilene
Trilene TE-141
Triline
Trimar
Triol
Tri-plus
Tri-plus M
Vestrol
Vitran
Westrosol
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 20 mg/24H | moderate | 85JCAE -,106,1986 |
| skin /rabbit | 2 mg/24H | severe | 85JCAE -,106,1986 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | multiple/other fish | 3 gm/L | MUREAV 399,125,1998 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | skin/mouse | 7 gm/kg | EMMUEG 37,185,2001 |
| DNA adduct | lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified) | 1 mmol/L | TOLED5 11,243,1982 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 3591 mg/kg | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| DNA Damage | kidney/rat | 1 mmol/L/20H | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| DNA Damage | kidney/human | 1 mmol/L/20H | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| DNA Damage | intraperitoneal/mouse | 6 mmol/kg | TOLED5 31,31,1986 |
| DNA Damage | liver/mouse | 100 µmol/L | CNREA8 43,1145,1983 |
| DNA Damage | liver/rat | 100 µmol/L | CNREA8 43,1145,1983 |
| DNA Damage | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 22 mmol/L | MUREAV 206,209,1988 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/human | 5 mL/L | CALEDQ 13,213,1981 |
| DNA repair | intraperitoneal/mouse | 100 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 109,71,2001 |
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 20 mmol/L | JEPTDQ 1(4),411,1978 |
| host-mediated assay | Saccharomyes cerevisiae/mouse | 400 mg/kg | JEPTDQ 1(4),411,1978 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 1 gm/kg | MUREAV 413,151,1998 |
| micronucleus test | multiple/other fish | 3 gm/L | MUREAV 399,125,1998 |
| micronucleus test | inhalation/rat | 5 ppm/6H-continuous | MUREAV 322,87,1994 |
| micronucleus test | oral/rat | 4 mmol/kg | MUREAV 413,1,1998 |
| micronucleus test | kidney/rat | 1 mmol/L/48H | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| micronucleus test | kidney/human | 1 mmol/L/48H | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| micronucleus test | oral/rat | 3590 mg/kg | TXCYAC 204,187,2004 |
| morphological transform | embryo/rat | 1100 µmol/L | ITCSAF 14,290,1978 |
| morphological transform | embryo/mouse | 20 mg/L | CALEDQ 28,85,1985 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 5 mg/L | CRNGDP 4,291,1983 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lymphocyte/mouse | 146 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | SCIEAS 236,933,1987 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 40 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) | JEPTDQ 1(4),411,1978 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step) | TECSDY 15,101,1987 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Escherichia coli | 3300 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) | BCPCA6 24,2013,1975 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Aspergillus nidulans | 2500 ppm (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 155,105,1985 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 5000 mg/L/2H (-enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 44,329,2004 |
| other mutation test systems | fibroblast/hamster | 1 pph | ANESAV 43,21,1975 |
| other mutation test systems | oral/mouse | 600 mg/kg | MUREAV 343,157,1995 |
| phage inhibition capacity | /Escherichia coli | 18 µg/well | MUREAV 260,349,1991 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Aspergillus nidulans | 17500 ppm | MUREAV 155,105,1985 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 11 mmol/L | MUREAV 206,209,1988 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | lung/hamster | 1150 µmol/L | MUREAV 182,135,1987 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 401 mg/L | EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 178 mg/L | AGTQAH 24,105,1981 |
| specific locus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 140 mg/kg | ARTODN 38,87,1977 |
| sperm morphology | inhalation/mouse | 100 ppm | NTIS** PB82-185075 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/mouse | 2500 mg/L | NTIS** AD-A080-636 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | bone marrow/mouse | 1 mmol/L | NTIS** AD-A080-636 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | lung/human | 100 mg/L | NTIS** PB82-185075 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | liver/rat | 2800 µmol/L | CRNGDP 5,1629,1984 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/rat | 16500 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | TXAPA9 62,137,1982 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 1800 ppm/24H (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | APTOD9 19,A22,1980 |
| inhalation/rat | 100 ppm/4H (6-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | JPHYA7 276,24P,1978 |
| inhalation/rat | 1800 ppm/6H (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TXCYAC 14,153,1979 |
| inhalation/rat | 100 ppm/4H (8-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | BJANAD 54,337,1982 |
| inhalation/mouse | 100 ppm/7H (5D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | NTIS** PB82-185075 |
| inhalation/mouse | 150 ppm/24H (4W male/4W pre-3W pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | TOLED5 23,223,1984 |
| oral/mouse | 176 gm/kg (15W male/15W pre-3W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | NTIS** #PB86173150 |
| oral/rat | 19 gm/kg (15W male/15W pre-3W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB86190782 |
| oral/mouse | 24.5 gm/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB86173150 |
| oral/rat | 5.5 gm/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | NTIS** #PB86190782 |
| oral/rat | 76 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB86190782 |
| oral/rat | 156 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | NTIS** #PB86190782 |
| oral/rat | 10115 mg/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | NTIS** #PB86190782 |
| oral/mouse | 700 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | NTIS** #PB86173150 |
| oral/rat | 1010 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 |
| oral/mouse | 8.4 mg/kg (0D preg - 21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system | TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),375,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 84 mg/kg (0D preg - 21D after birth) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),375,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 8.4 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system | TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),375,2003 |
| oral/rat | 60.5 mg/kg (1-11D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Homeostasis | BDERE* 67,488,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 1178 mg/kg (1-18D preg/20D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TXAPA9 231,344,2008 |
| oral/rat | 2688 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TOXID9 4,179,1984 |
| oral/rat | 36 gm/kg (15D prior to copulation/1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) | TXCYAC 32,229,1984 |
| oral/rat | 1140 mg/kg (14D pre-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | BRREAP 488,403,1989 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/hamster | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/6H/77W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease Liver: Tumors | ARTODN 43,237,1980 |
| inhalation/mouse | toxic concentration (other than lowest): 500 ppm/6H/77W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease | ARTODN 43,237,1980 |
| inhalation/mouse | toxic concentration (other than lowest): 150 ppm/7H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors | INHEAO 21,243,1983 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/7H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Vascular: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | INHEAO 21,243,1983 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/7H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors | INHEAO 21,243,1983 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 455 gm/kg/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NCITR* NCI-TR-2,1976 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 912 gm/kg/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NCITR* NCI-TR-2,1976 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 515 gm/kg/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Blood: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-243,1990 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 553 gm/kg/79W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | TXAPA9 182,55,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 515000 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTIS** PB91-111815 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 515000 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | NTIS** PB91-111815 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 456 gm/kg/28W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | VCVGH* -,446,1990 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 912 gm/kg/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | VCVGH* -,446,1990 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 1.78 mmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 271,122,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 4.11 mmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 271,122,2010 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.1 mmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 3,145,1989 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.3 mmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 3,145,1989 |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 32500 mg/m3/2H | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | AHBAAM 116,131,1936 |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 32500 mg/m3/2H | VCVGH* -,441,1990 | |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 45000 mg/m3/5H | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGH* -,442,1990 |
| inhalation/Dog | lowest published toxic concentration: 90000 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGH* -,442,1990 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 37200 ppm/40M | HBTXAC 5,76,1959 | |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 110 ppm/8H | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/90M | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | AIHAAP 28,43,1967 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 6900 mg/m3/10M | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions | AHBAAM 116,131,1936 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 160 ppm/83M | Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions | AIHAAP 23,167,1962 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 812 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal: Other changes Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified | BMJOAE 2,689,1945 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/16.1Y- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | ARTODN 73,246,1999 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.95 ppm/4H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | VCVGH* -,443,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | VCVGH* -,443,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2900 ppm | ARTODN 81,529,2007 | |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 110 ppm/8H | Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions | BJIMAG 28,293,1971 |
| inhalation/man | Lowest published lethal concentration: 2900 ppm | NZMJAX 50,119,1951 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 8450 ppm/4H | APTOA6 9,303,1953 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 220000 mg/m3/20M | VCVGH* -,441,1990 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 262000 mg/m3/30M | VCVGH* -,441,1990 | |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 16000 mg/m3/2H | VCVGH* -,441,1990 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 40000 mg/m3/4H | VCVGH* -,441,1990 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 450 ppm/6H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | EVHPAZ 108,261,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 ppm/4H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: NAD, NADP | EVHPAZ 108,261,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 25000 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: General anesthetic | VCVGH* -,442,1990 |
| inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 107000 mg/m3/2H | VCVGH* -,441,1990 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 53500 mg/m3/150M | VCVGH* -,441,1990 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 26750 mg/m3/14H | VCVGH* -,441,1990 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 11000 ppm | FAONAU 48A,121,1970 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 4000 ppm/1H | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS | EVHPAZ 108,317,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 6000 ppm/6H | Ear: Change in acuity Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | EVHPAZ 108,317,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/4H | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS | EVHPAZ 108,317,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/2H | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS | EVHPAZ 108,317,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/80M | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS | EVHPAZ 108,317,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/70M | Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning | NETEEC 22,221,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 140700 mg/m3/1H | VCVGH* -,441,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4800 ppm/4H | AMIHBC 4,469,1951 | |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 30000 mg/m3/4H | VCVGH* -,442,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/4H | Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory syndrome diagnostic of central lesion Eye: Other eye effects | TOSCF2 76,121,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5000 ppm/6H | TOXID9 44,456,2005 | |
| intraperitoneal/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2725 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,442,1990 | |
| intraperitoneal/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1900 mg/kg | Liver: Liver function tests impaired | TXAPA9 10,119,1967 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3000 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,442,1990 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 500 µL/kg | Liver: Other changes | TOLED5 177,20,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),322,2003 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | JPETAB 316,520,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | JPETAB 316,520,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2250 mg/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | JTCTDW 42,752,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3222 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | JTCTDW 42,753,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1720 mg/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | JTCTDW 42,753,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1282 mg/kg | ENVRAL 40,411,1986 | |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg | NTIS** OTS0520615 | |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg | QJPPAL 7,205,1934 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 33900 µg/kg | CBCCT* 6,141,1954 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2725 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,442,1990 | |
| oral/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 5864 mg/kg | HBTXAC 5,76,1959 | |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5680 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,442,1990 | |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 7000 mg/kg | Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) | VCVGH* -,443,1990 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 7 gm/kg | ARTODN 81,529,2007 | |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mL/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Coma | TOSCF2 41,157,1998 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 2143 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes | 34ZIAG -,602,1969 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2402 mg/kg | Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral: Ataxia Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | NTIS** AD-A080-636 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | ARTODN 83,835,2009 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1250 mg/kg | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOVEFN (1),14,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TOXID9 90,178,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2400 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,442,1990 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 1500 mg/kg | TOXID9 78,365,2004 | |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 7330 mg/kg | HBTXAC 5,76,1959 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Xanthine, purine or nucleotides including urate | ABCPO* 47,1129,2000 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4920 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,442,1990 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 90,178,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1200 mg/kg | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | TOXID9 44,428,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg | Blood: Other changes | TXAPA9 250,162,2011 |
| oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 15.2 mL/kg | Behavioral: Coma Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria | JTCTDW 46,905,2008 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 800 µL/kg | Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation | TXCYAC 248,113,2008 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mL/kg | VCVGH* -,442,1990 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >20 gm/kg | NTIS** AD-A062-138 | |
| subcutaneous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg | HBTXAC 5,76,1959 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 gm/kg | Behavioral: Sleep Behavioral: Ataxia | JPETAB 123,224,1958 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1440 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,442,1990 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 1800 mg/kg | QJPPAL 7,205,1934 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/Dog | lowest published toxic concentration: 3825 mg/m3/8H/6W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 10,270,1967 |
| inhalation/Dog | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/4H/8W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | JIHTAB 26(7),250,1944 |
| inhalation/gerbil | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/24H/30D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | TOLED5 10,1,1982 |
| inhalation/gerbil | lowest published toxic concentration: 320 ppm/24H/90D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | NEPADD 3,151,1985 |
| inhalation/gerbil | lowest published toxic concentration: 510 ppm/8H/24W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | SWEHDO 10,89,1984 |
| inhalation/gerbil | lowest published toxic concentration: 170 ppm/8H/24W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | SWEHDO 10,89,1984 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 400 ppm/7H/35W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | AMIHBC 4,469,1951 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/17Y- intermittent | Liver: Change in gall bladder structure or function Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | BJIMAG 49,700,1992 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/4W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Endocrine: Other changes Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | JJATDK 20,471,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 810 mg/m3/2D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | VCVGH* -,444,1990 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 ppm/1H/12D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | BJPCAL 4,177,1949 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/24H/30D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | TOLED5 10,1,1982 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm/7H/104W- intermittent | Liver: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | EVHPAZ 108,343,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm/104W- intermittent | Liver: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | EVHPAZ 108,343,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/7H/107W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | EVHPAZ 108,343,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm/7H/78W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | EVHPAZ 108,343,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/6H/104W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously | EVHPAZ 108,261,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm/7H/78W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously | EVHPAZ 108,261,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 450 ppm/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | EVHPAZ 108,261,2000 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/4W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TXAPA9 182,244,2002 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1W- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOXID9 72,273,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/5D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TOXID9 66,60,2002 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/4W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | TOXID9 66,60,2002 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/7D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | TXAPA9 231,300,2008 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/7D- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TXAPA9 231,300,2008 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 37 ppm/8H/30D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 350 ppm/4H/12W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS | NRTXDN 13,203,1992 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/4H/39W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other esterases | GTPZAB 17(5),55,1973 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 4380 ppm/4H/2W- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | AIHAAP 25,369,1964 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3200 ppm/12H/14W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Ear: Change in acuity | NETEEC 13,83,1991 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/24H/30D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | TOLED5 10,1,1982 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2400 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Ear: Change in acuity | FAATDF 38,101,1997 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/5H/26W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | GTPZAB 5(3),9,1961 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm/24H/12W- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | ETPAEK 46,133,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/1H/10D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning Behavioral: Tolerance | NETEEC 23,617,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/5D- intermittent | Behavioral: Tolerance Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning | NETEEC 22,221,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 376 ppm/30D- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | JAPTO* 21,441,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/182D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Interstitial nephritis Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed | TOLED5 128,243,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/6H/26W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | ETOPFR 12,157,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/6H/26W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TOLED5 -,247,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/8H/6W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm/7H/104W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | EVHPAZ 108,343,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm/7H/104W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously | EVHPAZ 108,225,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3200 ppm/6H/1W- intermittent | Ear: Change in acuity Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | EVHPAZ 108,317,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3200 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Ear: Change in acuity Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | EVHPAZ 108,317,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2400 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent | Ear: Change in acuity Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | EVHPAZ 108,317,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm/7H/104W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm/6H/15D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOXID9 66,237,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm/3D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | BDERB* 77,405,2006 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 125 gm/kg/10W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | NRTXDN 13,601,1992 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1720 mg/m3/5D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXAPA9 85,145,1986 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3941 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | TXCYAC 70,231,1991 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 102900 mg/kg/21W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | NTIS** #PB86161999 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 102900 mg/kg/21W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | NTIS** #PB86173150 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 102900 mg/kg/21W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | NTIS** #PB86173150 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 182 gm/kg/26W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 62,351,1982 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 13 gm/kg/5D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 62,351,1982 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 48 gm/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | JJATDK 9,15,1986 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 49080 mg/kg/17W- continuous | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | NTIS** AD-A080-636 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1312.8 mg/kg/78W- intermittent | Liver: Tumors | EVHPAZ 108,241,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 984.6 mg/kg/78W- intermittent | Liver: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously | EVHPAZ 108,241,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 525 gm/kg/105W- intermittent | Liver: Tumors | EVHPAZ 108,241,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 24000 mg/kg/24W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | EVHPAZ 108,241,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 44800 mg/kg/16W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 67200 mg/kg/24W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 7 gm/kg/1W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Isomerases | TXCYAC 173,229,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 84 gm/kg/12W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) | TXAPA9 197,279,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4500 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TXCYAC 203,83,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4500 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXCYAC 203,83,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2250 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOXID9 78,365,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOXID9 78,365,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 18200 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Liver: Multiple effects Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 -,12,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 16800 mg/kg/24W- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TOXID9 -,71,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 25200 mg/kg/36W- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 -,71,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 25.2 gm/kg/36W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation Liver: Other changes | TXAPA9 228,68,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral response Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 12,437,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 22.4 mg/kg/32W- continuous | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) | TOXID9 12,437,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | NTPTR* IMM-98010 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 60,206,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 22400 µg/kg/16W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) | TOXID9 60,141,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 36400 µg/kg/26W- continuous | Blood: Other changes | TOXID9 60,141,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | TOXID9 60,159,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 31500 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOXID9 60,159,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 21000 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 90,178,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 735000 mg/kg/105W- continuous | Liver: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | EVHPAZ 108,335,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 21000 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | ARTODN 83,835,2009 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 25200 mg/kg/36W- continuous | Liver: Other changes | TOXID9 -,240,2009 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 0.084 mg/kg/2W- continuous | Blood: Changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | TOXID9 -,315,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21000 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | ARTODN 83,835,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25000 mg/kg/25D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | FCTOD7 47,1562,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21000 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 90,178,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20 gm/kg/8W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTPTR* IMM-96007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20 gm/kg/8W- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* IMM-96007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTPTR* IMM-96007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 32500 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased | TXCYAC 224,108,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 16250 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | TXCYAC 224,108,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7000 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 225,171,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21000 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 225,171,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6.3 gm/kg/2W- continuous | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | REPTED 17,273,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 65000 mg/kg/52W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 257.5 gm/kg/103W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | EVHPAZ 108,225,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 515 gm/kg/103W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously | EVHPAZ 108,225,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1160 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Demyelination | NETEEC 12,375,1990 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 84 gm/kg/2W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TOXID9 5,228,1985 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 130 gm/kg/13W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-273,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 24 gm/kg/6W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | TXAPA9 78,105,1985 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2128 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB86190782 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42483 mg/kg/21W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB86190782 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14000 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 29,451,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28 gm/kg/28D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | NTIS** OTS0590061 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 gm/kg/15W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | INHEAO 25,89,1987 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 10 ppm;short term exposure limit 25 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Suspected human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 20,545,1979 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 63,75,1995 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 63,75,1995 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 20,545,1979 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMSUDL 7,364,1987 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2A | IMEMDT 63,75,1995 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,111,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CLPTAT 8,91,1967 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JJOMDZ 16,194,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JJOMDZ 17,603,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FNSCA6 2,67,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BNYMAM 54,413,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FAATDF 13,747,1989 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTOTDY 3,417,1981 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 30,253,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 108,323,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 108,343,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 108,241,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 108,261,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,321,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 134,17,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,43,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,53,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,227,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,109,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 14,5,1999 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 39,69,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 33,137,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 14,271,1999 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 196,1,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DIMON* 39,678,1993 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 628,31,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 44,1699,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 627,59,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,382,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BCLPT* 96,131,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 20,245,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HETOEA 25,413,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 658,124,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 6,257,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BDERE* 73,931,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 22,557,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 654,114,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,577,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 180,100,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 590,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 23,271,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NCLNA* 16,503,1998 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NEUCL* 18,741,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NBREV* 5,1,1981 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,629,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,689,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,711,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,737,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,747,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 705,165,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 31,327,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 727,42,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 50,68,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 721,27,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 723,108,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 722,147,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 750,141,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 50,68,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 33,178,2012 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 100 ppm (535 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,263,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 10 ppm (54 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 40 ppm (216 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 50 ppm (270 mg/m3);KZW 250 ppm (1350 mg/m3), 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 50 ppm (273 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 100 ppm (545 mg/m3), Carcinogen, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 10 ppm (55 mg/m3), carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 75 ppm (405 mg/m3), VLE 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3), C2 Carcinogen, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 270 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 540 mg/m3, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 10 ppm (55 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 25 ppm (135 mg/m3), 2B carc, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 50 ppm (270 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 100 ppm (535 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (269 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1070 mg/m3), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 20 ppm (110 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 50 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 400 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 30 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 25 ppm (140 mg/m3), Carcinogen, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 50 ppm (260 mg/m3), KZG-week 100 ppm (520 mg/m3), carc 2, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 100 ppm, short term exposure limit 200 ppm, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 190 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 100 ppm (535 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 100 ppm (535 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 100 ppm (550 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 150 ppm (820 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (535 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (535 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm;ceiling concentration 200;Pk 300/5M/2H | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (535 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO TRICHLOROETHYLENE-air | 10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 25 ppm;ceiling concentration 2 ppm/1H | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO WASTE ANESTHETIC GASES AND VAPORS-air | ceiling concentration 2 ppm/1H | MMWR** 37(S-7),28,1988 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 73790; Number of Industries 192; Total Number of Facilities 23225; Number of Occupations 143; Total Number of Employees Exposed 401373; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 175316 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 73790; Number of Industries 251; Total Number of Facilities 37699; Number of Occupations 141; Total Number of Employees Exposed 446588 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/98/101165/AS) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Histidine reversion-Ames test | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo; Host-mediated assay | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Mouse spot test; Sperm morphology-mouse | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion; S cerevisiae-homozygosis | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-reversion | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);no evidence:rat | NCITR* NCI-TR-2,1976 |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);clear evidence:mouse | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);inadequate studies:rat NTPTR* NTP-TR-243,1983 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);inadequate study:rat | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Trichloroethylene, 1022; by portable GC, 3701 | |
| NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 2, 1975 | |
| NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen | |
| NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);clear evidence:mouse NTPTR* NTP-TR-243,1983 | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #1001 |
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division