Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Methanol
RTECS #
PC1400000CAS #
67-56-1; 54841-71-3Updated
December 2013Molecular Weight
32.05Molecular Formula
CH4OSynonyms
Alcool methylique (French)Alcool metilico (Italian)
Bieleski's solution
Carbinol
Colonial Spirit
Columbian Spirit
Metanolo (Italian)
Methanol (ACGIH)
Methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol (DOT:OSHA)
Methyl hydrate
Methyl hydroxide
Methylalkohol (German)
Methylol
Metylowy alkohol (Polish)
Monohydroxymethane
Pyroxylic Spirit
RCRA waste number U154
Wood alcohol
Wood naphtha
Wood Spirit
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 40 mg | moderate | UCDS** 3/24/1970 |
| eye /rabbit | 100 mg/24H | moderate | 85JCAE -,187,1986 |
| skin /rabbit | 20 mg/24H | moderate | 85JCAE -,187,1986 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | parenteral/grasshopper | 3000 ppm | IJEBA6 12,72,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 1 gm/kg | ENMUDM 4,317,1982 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 75 mg/kg | ENMUDM 5,381,1983 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 10 µmol/kg | ENMUDM 4,317,1982 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/human | 300 mmol/L | PNASA6 79,1171,1982 |
| DNA repair | /Escherichia coli | 20 mg/well | MUREAV 133,161,1984 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 0.01 mg/L/21D (-enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 37,231,2001 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lymphocyte/mouse | 7900 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | ENMUDM 7(Suppl 3),10,1985 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 12 pph (-enzymatic activation step) | GENRA8 37,173,1981 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Aspergillus nidulans | 56000 ppm | MUREAV 215,187,1989 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 20000 ppm/7H (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TJADAB 29(2),48A,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | 20000 ppm/7H (7-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | FAATDF 5,727,1985 |
| inhalation/rat | 10000 ppm/7H (7-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | FAATDF 5,727,1985 |
| inhalation/mouse | 1500 ppm/6H (7-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | TOXID9 12,101,1992 |
| inhalation/mouse | 5000 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | TJADAB 47,175,1993 |
| inhalation/mouse | 7500 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TJADAB 47,175,1993 |
| inhalation/mouse | 2000 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 47,175,1993 |
| inhalation/mouse | 15000 ppm (7-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | FAATDF 21,508,1993 |
| inhalation/rat | 15000 ppm/7H (7-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TOXID9 11,118,1991 |
| inhalation/rat | 2.6 mg/m3 (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | 1000 ppm (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Other effects on male Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | 5000 ppm (7-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | 2000 ppm (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 2.3 gm/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | BDERE* 70,172,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 4900 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | BDERB* 71,80,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 3400 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | BDERB* 71,80,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 3400 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | BDERB* 71,80,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 5 gm/kg (5D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | MUREAV 130,417,1984 |
| oral/rat | 200 ppm/20H (78W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOXID9 14,75,1994 |
| oral/rat | 5200 µL/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | REPTED 11,503,1997 |
| oral/mouse | 40 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | TJADAB 47,175,1993 |
| oral/mouse | 4 gm/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 55,138,1997 |
| oral/rat | 6000 mg/kg (15-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| oral/rat | 6000 mg/kg (17-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| oral/rat | 35295 mg/kg (1-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | ONGZAC 22(1),71,1991 |
| oral/rat | 35295 mg/kg (1-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | ONGZAC 22(1),71,1991 |
| oral/rat | 20 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | TJADAB 49,399,1994 |
| oral/rat | 42 mL/kg (21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 24,519,2002 |
| oral/rat | 82 mL/kg (21D after birth) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 24,519,2002 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 482194 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 70355 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 340574 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 61976 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 315 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 88 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: >1037.4 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 1,3,1987 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 360 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 124 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 619 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 450 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: >1111.5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 1,3,1987 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1614 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 3,189,1989 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 450 mmol/L/4M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currents | TXAPA9 245,191,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 33300 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 6,367,1992 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 215000 mg/L/1M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 6,367,1992 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: >864.5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 1,3,1987 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >1500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 620 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2210 mmol/L/2H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TIVIEQ 4,783,1990 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: >1037.4 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 1,3,1987 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >1500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): >1500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >33550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 6.6 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 17.8 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.42 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 37.2 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.55 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 151 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| inhalation/cat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 65700 ppm/4.5H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/cat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 23600 ppm/6H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4400 mg/m3/6H | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 44 gm/m3/6H | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Behavioral: Muscle weakness Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | AGGHAR 5,1,1933 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 86000 mg/m3 | Eye: Lacrimation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | AGGHAR 5,1,1933 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm | Eye: Visual field changes Behavioral: Headache Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | NPIRI* 1,74,1974 |
| inhalation/monkey | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1000 ppm | IECHAD 23,931,1931 | |
| inhalation/monkey | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1300 mg/m3 | VCVGK* -,88,1984 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 41000 ppm/6H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 61100 ppm/134M | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 50 gm/m3/2H | 85GMAT -,80,1982 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 120000 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGK* -,87,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40000 mg/m3/4H | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGK* -,87,1984 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 81000 mg/m3/14H | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 145000 ppm/1H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 64000 ppm/4H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 64000 ppm/8H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/6H | Endocrine: Change in LH | TXCYAC 71,69,1992 |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3556 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/hamster | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8555 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10765 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1826 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3490 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia | VCVGK* -,87,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7529 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOLED5 165,265,2006 |
| intravenous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 4641 mg/kg | JPETAB 16,1,1920 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4710 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8907 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2131 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| oral/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 7500 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1365,1935 | |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7500 mg/kg | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 428 mg/kg | Behavioral: Headache Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | NPIRI* 1,74,1974 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 143 mg/kg | Eye: Optic nerve neuropathy Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | 34ZIAG -,382,1969 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 3571 µL/kg | Eye: Visual field changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Blood: Other changes | YAKUD5 35,2095,1993 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 9450 µL/kg | Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) Behavioral: General anesthetic Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | AJEMEN 16,538,1998 |
| oral/man | lowest published lethal dose: 6422 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | CMAJAX 128,14,1983 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 3429 mg/kg | Eye: Visual field changes | AMSVAZ 212,5,1982 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 0.43 mL/kg | Cardiac: Change in rate | JTCTDW 45,717,2007 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 1.14 mL/kg | Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JTCTDW 45,717,2007 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 mL/kg | Eye: Other eye effects Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JTCTDW 45,717,2007 |
| oral/man | lowest published lethal dose: 14 mL/kg | Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Coma Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JTCTDW 45,717,2007 |
| oral/monkey | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7000 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Coma | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published lethal dose: 5000 mg/kg | Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) Eye: Other eye effects | VCVGK* -,88,1984 |
| oral/monkey | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7 gm/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Coma | TXAPA9 3,202,1961 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 420 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5800 mg/kg | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| oral/pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5000 mg/kg | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 7500 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 14200 mg/kg | FAONAU 48A,105,1970 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5600 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8 gm/kg | Endocrine: Change in LH | TOXID9 13,14,1993 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FAATDF 28,264,1995 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | JTEHF8 67,583,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kg | Liver: Other changes | TOXID9 72,315,2003 |
| oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 10 mL/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas | JTCTDW 38,297,2000 |
| oral/woman | lowest published toxic dose: 4 gm/kg | Eye: Visual field changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | AMSVAZ 212,5,1982 |
| parenteral/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 59 gm/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | AIPTAK 50,296,1935 |
| skin/monkey | lowest published lethal dose: 393 mg/kg | IECHAD 23,931,1931 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15800 mg/kg | NPIRI* 1,74,1974 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9800 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6825 mg/kg | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | TOVEFN (6),16,2007 |
| unreported route/man | lowest published lethal dose: 868 mg/kg | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 6.5 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittent | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | VCVGK* -,88,1994 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/21D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/28W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/28W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Eye: Optic nerve neuropathy | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/5D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/2.5Y- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1Y- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Endocrine: Differential effect of sex or castration on observed toxicity | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/4W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1Y- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4H/213D- intermittent | Eye: Other eye effects | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 6.5 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittent | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVGK* -,88,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/12H/120D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/12H/13W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity | GISAAA 24(10),7,1959 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2610 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | TIHEEC 11,343,1995 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3846 µg/kg/30D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TIHEEC 9,479,1993 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 gm/kg/3D- intermittent | Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other) | NRTXDN 24,255,2003 |
| multiple/non-mammalian species | lowest published toxic dose: 22300 gm/m3/4D- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | REPTED 22,263,2006 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 63000 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2885 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | IJTOFN 19,179,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12 gm/kg/8W- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning | NETEEC 15,223,1993 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7 mL/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: B vitamins including folate | JDGRAX 10(1-2),25,1978 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 268.8 gm/kg/21D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOXID9 13,14,1993 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 625 mg/kg/200D- continuous | Liver: Other changes | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 225000 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| skin/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mL/kg/4D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,88,1994 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 200 ppm;short term exposure limit 250 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 539,77,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 17,349,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FNSCA6 2,67,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 1,153,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MJAUAJ 2,483,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,239,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 33,137,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JEMME* 1,51,1983 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AINCM* 7,63,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CHHSA* 9,6,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,54,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AJEMEN 22,404,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FSINDR 179,206,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,577,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,623,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 47,1287,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AUCRC* 10,113,1997 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NEUCL* 18,215,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,617,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,617,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,629,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,641,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,671,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,727,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 711,13,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 33,178,2012 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,290,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLVS* 3,155,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 200 ppm (262 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (328 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);KZW 800 ppm (1040 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 200 ppm (266 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 250 ppm (333 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 260 mg/m3 (200 ppm), skin, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 200 ppm (270 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (330 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), VLE 1000 ppm (1300 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 200 ppm (270 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 260 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1040 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (310 mg/m3), skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 310 mg/m3 (250 ppm), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 200 ppm (262 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 250 ppm (328 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 100 ppm (130 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 200 ppm (262 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 250 ppm (328 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 100 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 300 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 15 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 200 ppm (250 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (350 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), KZG-week 800 ppm (1040 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 260 mg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 200 ppm (266 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (333 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO METHANOL-air | 10H time-weighted average 200 ppm (Sk);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (Sk) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 45930; Number of Industries 373; Total Number of Facilities 101075; Number of Occupations 225; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1620617; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 388352 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 45930; Number of Industries 344; Total Number of Facilities 78840; Number of Occupations 203; Total Number of Employees Exposed 737242 |
Status in Federal Agencies
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division