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NIOSH Engineering Controls Research Shows Promise in Reducing Noise Exposure Among Mine Workers

October 2010
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2010-156
Three black and white pictures of a section of mine ceiling. The ceiling is buttressed by wire mesh and steel angle iron and the pictures are taken from the same position over time. In the foreground of all three pictures is a roof bolting drill bit, surrounded by a collapsible drill steel enclosure(CDSE), as it drills into the mine ceiling. In each picture the CDSE moves closer to the mine ceiling.

As the bit drills into the roof, the sound barrier spring is pushed down by the rock and noise levels are reduced.

A Story of Impact:

U.S. workers are losing their hearing at an alarming rate, making hearing loss the most common job-related ailment in the United States. In any given year, 22 million workers will be exposed to sound levels strong enough to damage their hearing.

Miners are among the hardest-hit workers because they use large and noisy machines in tightly enclosed spaces. By the time they turn 50, nearly 90% of coal miners have some hearing loss. For comparison, only 10% of the U.S. population not exposed to loud noises at work has hearing loss by age 50.

Among the loudest pieces of mining equipment are roof bolting machines, which can expose a worker to more than 100 dB(A) while drilling. These large electric machines play a vital role in helping to shore up ceilings in mines, but the intensity of the sound they produce takes a toll on the hearing of mine workers.

Relevant Information

  • Hearing loss accounted for 11% of work-related illness in 2005 according to the U.S. Department of Labor.
  • Studies show that 7 types of mining machines are primarily responsible for excessive noise: auger miners, bulldozers, continuous mining machines, front end loaders, roof bolters, and shuttle cars and trucks.
  • Roof bolting machine operators rank 2nd among all machine operators who are exposed to excessive noise in the coal mine industry.
  • Approximately 3,930 roof bolting machine operators work in the estimated 600 underground coal mines in the U.S.

Impact


The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has been a leader in developing ways to minimize dangerous noise levels in U.S. workplaces. A team of researchers in the NIOSH Office of Mine Safety and Health Research recognized the need and led a project to reduce the harmful noise levels produced by roof bolting machines.

NIOSH formed partnerships with organized labor groups, coal mining industry groups, and mining equipment manufacturers to study ways to reduce the noise produced by roof bolting machines. First, NIOSH researchers studied where a roof bolting machine emits the most noise while drilling. They found that drill steel produces the most noise at the end where it makes contact with the rock and at the end where it is attached to the drill chuck. This information allowed researchers to design and build a collapsible drill steel enclosure (CDSE) that surrounds the drill steel and absorbs some of the sound before it reaches the machine’s operator. The CDSE is wrapped around a spring that has a gap on the end allowing the machine operator to see the tip of the steel as it begins to drill. As the bit drills into the roof, the sound barrier spring is pushed down by the rock (see image).

At mining sites where the CDSE has been tested, time-weighted noise exposures fell by up to 7 dB(A) over an 8-hour work shift. In addition, the device performed well enough to be considered "promising" by the Mine Safety and Health Administration on program information bulletins used at mine sites. Widespread use of this device could help reduce hearing damage caused by the roof bolting machine. The process of studying and designing the device also proves that progress can be made to make workplaces safer when government, industry, unions, and equipment manufacturers work together for a common goal.

View/Download Entire Document: NIOSH Engineering Controls Research Shows Promise in Reducing Noise Exposure Among Mine Workers [PDF - 452 KB]

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Visit www.cdc.gov/niosh for more information about research efforts to protect miners. Authors of Engineering Noise Controls for Roof Bolters—J. Shawn Peterson, Peter G. Kovalchik, Rudy J. Matetic, and Lynn A. Alcorn; Office of Mine Safety and Health Research; NIOSH—received the 2009 Bullard-Sherwood Award in the Technology category.

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