Anaerobic bacteria

Background

• Origin - gut, mouth, head/neck (50% of chronic sinusitis), lung, female gu tract
• Cant grow unless culture specifically asked. 3% of bacteremia, <1% of cystitis

Organisms

• Bacteroides (GNR)
• Peptostreptococus (GPC)
• P. Acnes (GPR)
• Clostridium (GPR)

Anerobic Antibiogram

Category	Organism	Actinomyces	Bacteroides fragilis	Prevotella melaninogenica	Clostridium difficile	Clostridium (not difficile)	Fusobacterium necrophorum	Peptostreptococcus sp.
Penicillins	Penicillin G	S	R	S	X2	S	I	S
	Penicillin V	I	I	R	X1	S	I	S
Anti-Staphylocccal Penicillins	Methicillin	R	R	R	X1	X1	X1	S
	Nafcillin/Oxacillin	R	R	R	X1	X1	X1	S
	Cloxacillin/Diclox.	R	R	R	X1	X1	X1	S
Amino-Penicillins	AMP/Amox	S	R	S	X1	S	S	S
	Amox-Clav	S	S	S	X1	S	S	S
	AMP-Sulb	S	S	S	X2	S	S	S
Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins	Ticarcillin	X1	R	S	X1	S	X1	S
	Ticar-Clav	X1	S	S	X1	S	S	S
	Pip-Tazo	X1	S	S	X1	S	S	S
	Piperacillin	S	R	S	X2	S	X1	S
Carbapenems	Doripenem	X1	S	S	X2	S	S	S
	Ertapenem	S	S	S	X2	S	S	S
	Imipenem	S	S	S	X2	S	S	S
	Meropenem	X1	S	S	X2	S	S	S
	Aztreonam	R	R	R	R	R	X1	R
Fluroquinolones	Ciprofloxacin	R	R	R	R	I	X1	I
	Ofloxacin	I	R	I	X1	I	X1	I
	Pefloxacin	X1	R	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
	Levofloxacin	X1	R	S	R	S	X1	S
	Moxifloxacin	S	I	S	R	I	I	S
	Gemifloxacin	X1	R	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
	Gatifloxacin	S	I	S	R	S	X1	S
1st G Cephalo	Cefazolin	X1	R	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
2nd G. Cephalo	Cefotetan	X1	I	S	X1	S	X1	S
	Cefoxitin	X1	S	S	R	S	S	S
	Cefuroxime	X1	R	S	X1	S	X1	S
3rd/4th G. Cephalo	Cefotaxime	X1	R	S	R	S	X1	S
	Cefizoxime	S	I	S	R	S	X1	S
	CefTRIAXone	S	R	I	X1	S	X1	S
	Ceftaroline	X1	R	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
	CefTAZidime	X1	R	S	X1	S	X1	S
	Cefepime	X1	R	R	R	X1	X1	S
Oral 1st G. Cephalo	Cefadroxil	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
	Cephalexin	X1	R	X1	X1	X1	X1	S
Oral 2nd G. Cephalo	Cefaclor/Loracarbef	X1	R	S	X1	X1	X1	S
	Cefproxil	X1	R	S	X1	S	X1	S
	Cefuroxime axetil	X1	R	S	X1	S	X1	S
Oral 3rd G. Cephalo	Cefixime	X1	R	S	X1	R	X1	S
	Ceftibuten	X1	R	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
	Cefpodox/Cefdinir/Cefditoren	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
Aminoglycosides	Gentamicin	R	R	R	R	X1	R	R
	Tobramycin	R	R	R	R	X1	R	R
	Amikacin	R	R	R	R	X1	R	R
	Chloramphenicol	X2	X2	S	I	S	S	S
	Clindamycin	S	I	S	X1	I	S	S
Macrolides	Erythromycin	S	R	X1	X1	I	R	I
	Azithromycin	S	R	S	X1	S	R	S
	Clarithromycin	S	R	S	X1	S	R	I
Ketolide	Telithromycin	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	S
Tetracyclines	Doxycycline	S	I	S	X1	S	X1	S
	Minocycline	S	I	S	X1	S	X1	S
Glycylcycline	Tigecycline	X1	S	S	X1	S	S	S
	Daptomycin	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
Glyco/Lipoclycopeptides	Vancomycin	S	R	R	S	S	X1	S
	Teicoplanin	X1	X1	X1	S	S	X1	S
	Telavancin	S	R	R	S	S	X1	S
	Fusidic Acid	S	X1	S	X1	S	X1	S
	Trimethoprim	X1	X2	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
	TMP-SMX	X1	R	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
Urinary Agents	Nitrofurantoin	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
	Fosfomycin	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
Other	Rifampin	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1
	Metronidazole	R	S	S	S	S+	S	I
	Quinupristin dalfoppristin	X1	X1	S	I	X2	X1	X1
	Linezolid	X1	I	X1	I	X2	X1	S
	Colistimethate	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1	X1

See Also

• Microbiology (Main)

References

Authors

Ross Donaldson, Michael O'Brien, MD