New emm designations/Browse

emm Types and Sequence Types

In many cases the emm sequence reference strains came directly from the M type collection of Dr. Rebecca Lancefield. Such strains are designated RCL. This database includes only the emm sequences that we have examined either from our lab, or from traces generated by colleagues from around the world. The sequences starting with “emm” indicate that isolates represented by this type have been analyzed by several reference laboratories besides the CDC Streptococcus Laboratory. Each of the "new" emm types emm94 through emm124 are represented by multiple independent isolates recovered from serious disease manifestations. These isolates are M protein nontypeable with all typing sera stocks available to international GAS reference laboratories, and demonstrate antiphagocytic properties in vitro by multiplying in normal human blood. Strains with emm sequences starting with “st” (sequence type) have not yet been validated by all of the reference laboratories. In a few examples we have not obtained the originally reported sequence type strain, but encountered a closely matching sequence during our investigations. Our database consists of all subtypes that we encounter within each type that have changes in the 150 base sequence encoding the M serotype - specific N terminal 50 residues (trimmed 150 base and untrimmed databases). In addition, we include emm gene sequences from group G and C clinical isolates. All of these sequences are accessible for downloading from the 4 ftp sites below listed below.

Participating laboratories for emm type reference strain testing

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/NCIRD/Division of Bacterial Diseases/Respiratory Diseases Branch/Streptococcus Lab: Bernard Beall (BBeall@cdc.gov )
WHO Collaborating Center for Diphtheria and Streptococcal Infections, Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Div., Health Protection Agency, Colindale, London: Androulla Efstratiou (androulla.efstratiou@hpa.org.uk).
WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Streptococci at the University of Minnesota Medical School Pediatrics Department: Edward Kaplan (Kapla001@tc.umn.edu ) and Dwight Johnson (johns154@maroon.tc.umn.edu ).
WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Streptococci in the of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic www.szu.cz/cema/hpcema.htm. Paula Kriz (krizova@szu.cz):
The National Center for Streptococcus in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Marguerite Lovgren (ml@bugs.uah.ualberta.ca) and Gregory Tyrrell (git@bugs.uah.ualberta.ca).
The Communicable Disease Group, ESR, Porirua, New Zealand: Diana Martin (Diana.Martin@esr.cri.nz).
Emerging Infections Program/Active Bacterial Core Surveillance
- Many of the isolates we type are sterile site isolates from population based multistate surveillance. These isolates have been provided through the Emerging Infections Program/Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) and represent all sterile site isolates from a population base of approximately 30, 000, 000 (see ABCs surveillance reports). Data concerning the epidemiology, and frequencies of individual emm types and subtypes among invasive and non-invasive isolates recovered within the United States are in these publications:

O'Brien KL, Beall B, Barrett NL, Cieslak PR, Reingold A, Farley MM, Danila R, Zell ER, Facklam R, Schwartz B, Schuchat A. Epidemiology of invasive group a streptococcus disease in the United States, 1995-1999.Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Aug 1;35(3):268-76.

Li Z., Sakota V., Jackson D, Franklin AR, Beall B. 2003. The array of M protein gene subtypes in 1061 recent invasive group A streptococcal isolates recovered from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance. J. Infect. Dis.188:1587-92.

Shulman ST, Tanz RR, Kabat W, Kabat K, Cederlund E, Patel D, Li Z, Sakota V, Dale JB, Beall B. 2004. Group A streptococcal pharyngitis serotype surveillance in North America, 2000-2002. Clin Infect Dis. 39:325-32.

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Contact Us

In the interest of keeping this database as comprehensive as possible, we would appreciate receiving sequences that are different types or subtypes from the ones in our database. Please email (VSrinivasan@cdc.gov) or mail to address below sequence trace and text files of any new emm sequence types or subtypes (those with changes compared to subtypes in type-specific database). Note that these subtypes correspond to the 150 bases encoding the first 50 amino acids of the mature M protein N terminus (signal sequence cleavage sites can be predicted at www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP) (exit site). In addition, supply any available information you might have concerning the sequence (clinical manifestation if any, specimen source, geographic, any strain features, etc., individuals to credit with sequence and information).

We often have new sequence types in our database that have not been submitted to the GenBank. We would appreciate information concerning submission of these sequences to the GenBank by independent investigators so that we can update our database information concerning the GenBank accession numbers.

Please address comments, corrections, etc., to:

Velusamy Srinivasan, Ph.D. Streptococcus Laboratory
NCIRD/DBD/RDB
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd., NE, MS-C02
Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Phone: 404-639-0917
Fax: 404-639-2070 email: VSRINIVASAN@CDC.GOV

(*) Wisconsin Package Version 10.1, Genetics Computer Group (GCG), Madison, Wisconsin.

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emm types encountered in the CDC Streptococcal laboratory:

These 4 FTP databases are updated every 1-3 weeks and contain all of our validated sequences. Many of these sequence files contain limited strain information. We will include background info within all of these sequence files eventually. To do this, go to the Blast 2.0 Server's Streptococci Group A Subtyping Request Form.

for type specific 150 bases, being supplemented with 180 base entries that include 10 codons encoding C terminal residues of predicted signal sequence
for translated type-specific regions
for untrimmed types and subtypes
for untrimmed translation

emm types emm1 - emm124 from Group A streptococcal isolates

Note that this is a partial listing of types and subtypes. The complete compilation of sequences are available from the ftp databases on the Blast server via the link above.

emm1 (reference subtype emm1.0 ): 398 base entry, closely matches accession # x62131 (whole gene). By far emm1.0 is the most common emm1 subtype (and the most commonly encountered emm subtype in clinical isolates period). T pattern and OF phenotype. Strains are usually T1, opacity factor negative. Also, rarely, T3, opacity factor negative. Type occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001. 685/3424 (20%). emm1 is the most frequent type that we encounter. Where we have found it. U.S., Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Korea, France, Italy, Nepal, and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS745 (T1, OF-)= RCL T1/119/8 obtained in 1967. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative. The available genomes from M serotype 1 strains lack the sof gene. We have found all emm1 isolates that we have tested to lack the sof gene. Some other subtypes: emm1.7: Provided by Dr. Giovanni Gherardi (pharyngitis isolates in Rome, Italy). emm1.8 Reference strain is blood isolate 6030-00(T1, OF-) from patient in Connecticut. emm1.9 Reference strain is surgical aspirate isolate 1484-01(T1/3, OF-) from patient in Colorado. emm1.10 Pharyngitis isolate FL-28 from child in Florida. emm1.11: 4462-01(T1, OF-) Blood isolate from patient in Maryland emm1.13: 4422-01(T1, OF-).Blood isolate from patient in Maryland. emm1.14: 4403-01(T1, OF-). Blood isolate from patient in Maryland ( more emm1 subtypes in downloadable ftp database)

emm1-2 (reference subtype emm1-2.1 ): 471 base entry obtained from an isolate from a patient in Chile who had acute rheumatic fever (strain 4650-97: T8/25/Imp19, OF-). It is an emm1.2 derivative (see GenBank accession number Z21845 which includes entire emm1.2 gene). This sequence was also found from throat isolate in Brazil (strain CL3793). As with emm1-4, we really consider emm1-2 divergent enough from emm1 to be considered a distinct type. (see ftp database for additional emm1-2 subtypes).

emm1-4 (reference subtype emm1-4.0 ): Skin infection isolate. This 522 base entry is 99.7% identical over the 300 base overlap with emm1.4 (accession number U20098). Strain from collection of Dr. K.S. Sriprakash, Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Australia. We do not consider this an allele of emm1.

emm2 (reference subtype: emm2.0 ) 360 base entry identical over its first 190 bases with accession number sequence S82053 (306 bases). The 360 base entry appears to represent most common emm2 allele. T pattern and OF phenotype. Commonly T2, OF+. Occasionally T28. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 63/3424 (1.8%). Where we have found it. U.S., Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Bulgaria , Italy.CDC reference strain. SS633 (GAS, T2, OF+)= RCL T2/44/Rb4/91/3 obtained in 1966. sof gene(s). The sof2 5 ' sequence (see accession # AF157555) is highly conserved among the emm2 strains that we have examined. (see #AF019890 by H. Courtney for entire sequence of a sof2 allele). See ftp database for additional emm2 subtypes.

emm3 (reference subtype: emm3.0, [rare] ). 390 base entry represents a rarely found allele in current isolates. Closely matches accession number x80168 (whole gene). T pattern and OF phenotype. Usually T3, opacity factor negative. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 316/3424 (9.2%). 2 nd most common type in our survey. Where we have found it. U.S., Poland, Italy, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Argentina, Bulgaria, Korea, and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS1027= RCL B920/61/2/ obtained in 1961, and SS90 (RCL D58/400 obtained in 1949). sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC: emm3.1: By far emm3.1 is the most commonly occurring emm3 allele in current isolates. Differs from emm3 sequence by 2 bases resulting in two amino acid substitutions. Sequence identical to accession number U40231.

emm3.2: GenBank accession AF288752. Type strain 3148-00 ( New York surgical specimen, TNT, OF-). Also found in Poland throat isolate 974-97(T3, OF-) and from Argentina throat isolate (3845-00, T3, OF-).

emm3.3: Type strain 7203-99. T3, OF- blood isolate. Different from M3 between mature residues 30 and 40.

emm3.4. Minnesota blood isolate 3963-00(T3/13/B3264, OF-). This is the second most frequently occurring emm3 allele (after emm3.1 ).

emm3.5: Isolate information not currently available (where did i put this &#%$ info).

emm3.6. Pediatric pharyngitis isolate WA-20 from child in Washington.

emm3.7: Blood isolate 1080-00(TNT, OF-) from patient living in Georgia.

emm3.8. Georgia blood isolate 3801-01 (T3, OF-).

emm3.9: Georgia blood isolate 3802-01 (T3, OF-).

emm3.10. Texas pediatric pharyngitis isolate TX-122.

emm3.11: 4466-01(T3/13, OF-) Blood isolate from patient in Maryland.

Many more emm3 subtypes in downloadable database.

emm4 (reference subtype: emm4.0. 337 base entry represents most common allele and is identical in its overlap with the arp4 sequence (acc# X15198, entire gene). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T4, opacity factor positive. Rarely T2/28 and T8/25/IMP19. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001 :130/3424 (3.8%) isolates were type emm4 (6 th most common). Where we have found it. U.S., France, Italy, Poland, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Korea, Malaysia, Egypt, Nepal. CDC reference strain. SS91(T4, OF+, sof4) =RCL T4/56/0 obtained in 1949; and SS470(T4, OF+, sof4 ) obtained from Dr. R. Williams of the Colindale Public Health Lab in London in 1954. sof gene(s). We find the 5 ' sof gene sequences of T4, emm4 isolates to be highly conserved. See GenBank accession #AF13607 for sof4 partial sequence. A T8/25/IMP19, emm4 isolate had a different sof gene sequence (accession # AF139756) from T4, emm4 isolates.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm4.1: reference strain is blood isolate 3017-01(T4, OF-) from patient in San Francisco.

emm4.2: Reference strain is throat isolate 1311-01(T8/25, OF-) from Nepalese child. See ftp database for additional emm4 subtypes.

emm5 (reference subtype: emm5.0 [rare]). 490 bases identical in its overlap with accession M20374 (whole gene). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T5/27/44, opacity factor negative. We have found two T11, OF- isolates. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001 :58/3424 isolates (1.7%). Where we have found it. U.S., Italy, Mexico, Korea, Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS746 (T5/27/44, OF-) =RCL T5B/126/1, which was obtained in 1967. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm5.3 From pharyngeal isolates provided by Dr. Giovanni Gherardi recovered from patients in Rome, Italy.

emm5.4 Throat isolate 379 from infant in Mexico.

emm5.5 5689-00(TNT, OF-).

emm5.6 Reference strain is Connecticut blood isolate 6028-00(TNT, OF-).

emm5.7 Reference strain is Connecticut blood isolate 6018-00(TNT, OF-)..

emm5.14 Closely similar to emm5.8193 (accession U02480) from 7828-99 and 7862-99 (both group A, T11/12, OF-, sterile site isolates from Connecticut ). emm5.14 isolates are usually T5/27/44 and might represent the most common emm5 allele present in sterile site isolates.

emm5.8: Oregon blood isolate 414 01(T5/27/44). emm5.9 throat isolate from individual in Mexico (isolate 377).

emm5.10 Reference strain (3670-01, T5, 27, 44, OF-) is pleural fluid isolate from patient in Minnesota.

emm5.11 Pharyngitis isolate from pediatric patient in Pennsylvania (PA-04).

emm5.12 Pharyngitis isolate from pediatric patient in Connecticut (CT-28).

emm5.13 Pharyngitis isolate from pediatric patient in Illinois (IL-56).

emm5.14 reference strain is blood isolate from patient in New York (3320-01).

emm5.15: pharyngitis isolate PA-49.

emm5.16: Throat isolate 3c

emm5.17: 6229-01(T5/27/44, OF-) Blood isolate from 73 y.o. male with sepsis and cellulitis.

Additional emm5 subtypes in ftp database.

emm6 (reference subtype: emm6.0 ). 437 base entry closely matching accession M11338 (whole gene). As with certain other emm genes such as emm5, , we encounter a remarkable number of emm6 subtypes that are often based upon differences in the number of tandem repeats in the A repeat region (see Hollingshead et al. J.Biol. Chem.261:1677-1686). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T6 or T nontypeable, opacity factor negative. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 83/3424 (2.4%). Where we have found it. U.S., Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Denmark, Poland, Italy, Bulgaria, Taiwan , and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS93 (= RCL S43/75/5 obtained in 1949) and SS736 (=RCL S43/100/14 obtained in 1967). sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC: emm6.1: Reference strain is New York state blood isolate 5975-01(T6, OF-).

emm6.2: Reference strain is San Francisco blood isolate 2015-01(T6, OF-).

emm6.3: Reference strain is isolate 326, recovered from patient in Mexico.

emm6.4: Reference strain is Georgia pleural fluid isolate 2588-01(T6, OF-).

emm6.5: Reference strain is San Francisco joint isolate 3003-01 (T6, OF-).

emm6.6: From pediatric throat isolate CT-76.

emm6.7: From pediatric throat isolate CT-71.

emm6.8: From pediatric pharyngitis isolate SD-47.

emm6.9: pharyngitis isolate PA-35

Additional emm6 subtypes in ftp database.

emm8 (reference subtype emm8.0 ). 328 base entry closely matching accession u12005 (216 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T8/25/Imp19, OF+. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: none. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, and Poland. CDC reference strain. SS634 (T8/25/IMP19, OF+, sof8 ) [=RCL C265/641/1], obtained in 1966. sof gene(s). The 5 ' sof8 gene 5 ' sequence was found to be nearly identical between strain SS634, and isolates from Brazil and Poland (739 bases, GenBank AF138790). It is interesting that the 5 ' sof8 sequence is exactly identical to the corresponding sequence from emm type st3018 isolates.

Additional emm8 subtypes in ftp database.

emm9 (reference subtype emm9.0). 509 base entry closely matching accession X72752 (whole gene). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Our isolates have been T9 or T14, opacity factor positive. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present. (7/16/01): 12/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Egypt, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico. CDC reference strain. SS129 (same as RCL T9/101/6) obtained in 1966, and SS54 (=100067) from Dr. W.R. Maxted, Colindale Lab in 1968. Both reference strains are T9/8/14, OF+, sof9. sof gene(s). Sof9 ( sof9 partial sequence of 2768 bases, GenBank AF174430) andSof44shareidentity overtheiraminoterminal43%, yet conferdistinctanti-opacity factor types. This is due to the divergence of Sof9 and Sof 44 over the remainder of their enzymatic domains (approximately residues 343-800).

other alleles documented at CDC. emm9.1. 717 bases. Reference strain California joint isolate 1723-00 (T8/14/25, OF+).

emm9.2. 521 bases. Reference strain Mexico pharyngitis isolate 403.

emm9.3. Texas Pediatric pharyngitis isolate TX-98.

Additional emm9 subtypes in ftp database.

emm11 (reference subtype: emm11.0 ). 500 base entry closely matching accession x74138 (whole gene). emm11 and emm11.1 are most common alleles. T pattern and OF phenotype. Usually T11, opacity factor positive. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 125/3424 (3.7%). . Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, France, Italy, New Zealand, Korea, Nepal, and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS721 (T11, OF+, sof11 ) [=RCL T11/54/31), obtained in 1967. sof gene(s). The 5 ' sof11 (GenBank accession # AF141140) sequence and corresponding anti-OF type 11 are good markers for the prevalent emm11 isolates, however we have found the sof25 5 ' sequence in 2 T type 11 isolates (one from Malaysia and other from wound isolate in Argentina).

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm11.1: 385 base entry. 1889-98 type strain ( Minnesota blood isolate).We have found many other U.S. sterile-site emm11.1 isolates, including 3445-97, 34-96, 667-99, and 6201-99. The emm11 sequence is peculiar in that the common end of its membrane export signal sequence (TEVKA) is tandemly repeated. One of these tandem repeats is deleted in the emm11.1 allele.

Additional emm11 subtypes in ftp database.

emm12 (reference subtype: emm12.0 ). 364 base entry closely matching accession M18269 (entire gene). T pattern and OF phenotype. Usually T12, opacity factor negative. Appeared in U.S. pediatric pharyngitis isolates more often than emm1 during 2000-2001 pharyngitis season. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 239/3424 (7.0%). Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Bulgaria, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico and Egypt. CDC reference strain. CDC reference strain: SS392 (Group A, T12, OF-, sof12 ) [=CDC D5-964], received at the CDC in 1951. sof gene(s). It is interesting that emm12 isolates are associated with a specific sof gene ( sof12 5 ' sequence GenBank accession # AF138792), even though these isolates are invariably opacity factor negative. Sequence analysis reveals a premature stop codon within the so-called enzymatic domain of emm12 isolates.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm12.1: Pharyngitis isolate Il-13 from child in Illinois.

emm12.2: Pharyngitis isolate CT-10 from child in Connecticut. Found in several other pediatric pharyngitis cases in Connecticut.

emm12.3: Pharyngitis isolate IL-88 from child in Illinois.

emm12.4: Pharyngitis isolate TX-31 from child in Texas.

emm12.5: Pharyngitis isolate UT-03 from child in Utah.

emm12.6: Pharyngitis isolate WA-47 from child in Washington state.

emm12.7: Pharyngitis isolate AK-12 from child in Arkansas.

emm12.8: reference strain 2958-01 (TNT, OF-), joint isolate from patient in San Francisco.

emm12.9: reference strain pharyngitis isolate PA-115 from child in Pennsylvania.

emm12.10: 601-02(T12, OF-) throat isolate from patient in Bulgaria associated with scarlet fever.

Additional emm12 subtypes in ftp database.

Subtype: emm13L.0.. 325 base entry, accession AF02590. Lancefield M13. T pattern and OF phenotype. T3/13/B, opacity factor positive. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 0/2612. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS636 (=T13/51/5, sof13L ) obtained from Lancefield collection in 1951. sof gene(s). The reference strain has a conserved unique sof gene ( sof13L GenBank accession # AF138793).

emm14 (reference subtype emm14.0 ). 439 base entry closely matching accession U11935 (265 bases). T pattern and OF phenotype. Typically T14/9, opacity factor negative. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001 (7/16/01): 1/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Italy. CDC reference strain. SS622 (group A, T14/9, OF-) sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm14.2. Provided by Dr. Giovanni Gherardi (pharyngitis isolates in Rome, Italy ). 719 bases; not submitted to GenBank.

emm14.3. Pediatric pharyngitis isolate IL47 from Illinois pediatric patient. 600 bases; not submitted to GenBank.

emm14.4. 6702-99 (TNT, OF-) reference strain. Blood isolate from California. 661 bases; not submitted to GenBank.

emm14.5: 4408-01(T14, OF-). Blood isolate from patient in Maryland.

Additional emm14 subtypes in ftp database.

emm15 (reference subtype: emm15.0 ). 652 base entry closely matches accession u11934 (185 bases). T pattern and OF phenotype. Ones we have seen are T3, OF-. CDC reference strain. SS800 (T23/8/14, OF-) [RCL D19/20/1] obtained in 1950. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 2/3424. Where we have found it. U.S. and India. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm18.2. Minnesota blood isolate 1388-99(TNT, OF-). 619 bases; not submitted to GenBank.

emm18.3. Ohio blood isolate 2627-00(TNT, OF-). Also 3701-00 ( New York blood isolate) and 4472-00 ( Tennessee blood isolate). 717 bases; not submitted to GenBank.

emm18.5: emm18 allele with premature stop codon predicted to result in a truncated mature peptide of 37 amino acids. Strain was a clinical isolate contributed by Dwight Johnson, University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases.

emm18.6: 4688-01(TNT, OF-), surgical specimen from patient in Colorado.

Additional emm18 subtypes in ftp database.

emm19 (reference subtype: emm19.0 ). 381 base entry closely matching accession S82058 (310 bases). T pattern and OF phenotype. Typically T nontypeable and OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 1/3424. Where we have found it. Brazil, U.S. CDC reference strain. SS101 (GAS, T9/18, OF-) [=RCL S24/12/4] obtained in 1949. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm19.3: 1439-00 (TNT, OF-, blood isolate from New York patient). 739 bases.

Additional emm19 subtypes in ftp database.

emm22 (reference subtype: emm22.0 ). 620 base entry closely matching accession x75750 (entire gene) represents most frequently encountered allele. T pattern and OF phenotype. Typically T22 or T11/12, OF+. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: : 85/3424 (2.5%). Where we have found it. U.S., Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, France, Egypt, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS756 (GAS, T22, OF+, sof22 )= CDC 1612-68 obtained in 1968. sof gene(s). emm22 isolates have been associated with a unique, conserved 5 ' sof sequence (GenBank accession # AF138791).

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm22.1: 2359-97 from San Francisco isolated from cyst. (GAS, T11/12, OF+). 240 bases.

emm22.2: 5564-99 surgical specimen from Minnesota. GAS, T12, OF+. At least one other emm22.2 isolate has been encountered. 679 bases.

Additional emm22 subtypes in ftp database.

emm23 (reference subtype emm23.0 ). 258 base entry closely matching accession U11953 (281 bases). T pattern and OF phenotype. T23, opacity factor negative. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: none. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS730 (RCL T23/70/Rb5) obtained in 1971. sof gene(s). Not examined.

emm24 (reference subtype: emm24.0 ). 421 base entry closely matching accession M19031 (whole gene). T pattern and OF phenotype. T-NT, opacity factor negative Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. SS987 (TNT, OF-) [RCL C98/105/4] obtained in 1971. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm24 subtypes in ftp database.

emm25 (reference subtype: emm25.0 ). 561 base entry closely matching accession U11952 (176 bases). T pattern and OF phenotype. T8/25, opacity factor positive. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: none. Where we have found it. U.S. ( Hawaii ), Brazil, India, Nepal. CDC reference strain. SS639(T8/25/Imp19, OF+, sof25 ) = RCL T24/34/2 obtained in 1966. sof gene(s). The sof25 gene 5 ' sequence (GenBank accession # AF138795) from strain SS639 is unique. sof25 has been also been found in 2 emm11 isolates. Two other emm25 isolates (1 TNT and 1 T25) had identical sof sequences to sof75 from emm75 and emm84 isolates. Still another emm25 isolate (from Brazil ; 3933-98, T1, OF+) had 5 ' sof gene sequence nearly identical to sof4470 that was originally found in an emm68.1 isolate.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm25.1: 435 bases; not submitted to GenBank.4961-96(TNT, OF+). One of 4 such blood isolates from India provided by Awdhesh Kalia in 1996. These isolates have a unique 5 ' sof sequence ( sof4958, accession AF153315) that is distinct from sof25.

emm25.2: Reference strain is throat isolate 1706-01(T8/14, OF-) from Nepalese child.

emm26 (reference subtype: emm26.0 ). 396 base entry closely matching accession u11951 (299 bases). T pattern and OF phenotype. T-NT, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: none. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. SS987 (T-NT, OF-)= RCL C98/105/4 obtained in1971. sof gene(s). Not examined.

CDC reference strain. SS987 SS728(T-NT, OF-)= RCL C98/105/4 obtained in1971.

Additional emm26 subtypes in ftp database

emm27G (reference subtype: emm27G.0 ). 317 base entry closely matching accession u11949 (282 bases). T pattern and OF phenotype. Typically T5/27/44, OF+. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001:. none. Where we have found it. U.S. (3 sterile site isolates), Brazil, Chile. CDC reference strain. Griffith ' s M type 27 reference strain. CDC reference GAS strain: SS582 (T5/27/44, OF+, sof27G )= SF40 obtained from T. Parker of the Colindale Lab in London. sof gene(s). sof27G 5 ' sequence (GenBank accession # AF177978). A sof27G derivative (deleted of codons 92-93 relative to sof27G accession) was also found in an emm type st4935 isolate [73-97(T6, OF+) from San Francisco] which also shared the anti-opacity factor type 27G (serologic data from M. Lovgren, B. Forwick, and G. Tyrrell).

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm27G.1: 4653-97(GAS, T5/27/44, OF+) from Chile. Has identical 5 ' sof sequence to CDC emm27G reference strain SS582. Also shares the same anti-opacity factor type with strain SS582. Reportedly associated with acute rheumatic fever. 435 bases; not submitted to GenBank.

emm27G.2: 1141-95(T5/27/44, OF-). Blood isolate from San Francisco. 249 bases.

Additional emm27G subtypes in ftp database.

emm27L. See emm77

emm28 (reference subtype: emm28.0 ). 333 base entry closely matching accession u11948 (260 bases) which is the most common emm28 allele. T pattern and OF phenotype. T28, OF+. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 286/3424 (8.4%). 3 rd most common type in our survey. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Mexico, Italy, France, Denmark, Poland, Bulgaria, Malaysia, Korea, and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS789 (T28, OF+, sof28 )= RCL T28/150A/3 obtained in 1968. sof gene(s). The 5 ' sof28 gene sequence (GenBank accession # AF138797) is highly conserved among emm28 isolates from varied locations. See AF08274 for a complete sof28 allele sequence submitted by Dr. Harry Courtney and colleagues.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm28.1: Type strain = 3595-00(T28, OF+ blood isolate from CT). 605 base sequence not submitted to GenBank.

emm28.2: 6226-01(T28, OF+) invasive isolate from unknown tissue source from patient in Colorado.

Additional emm28 subtypes in ftp database.

emm29 (reference subtype: emm29.0 ). 328 base entry closely matching accession u11946 (303 bases). T pattern and OF phenotype. T4/28, opacity factor negative. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: : 1/3424.. Where we have found it., U.S., Korea, Italy. CDC reference strain. GAS strain: SS988 (T-NT, OF-)= RCL D23, obtained in 1971. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm29.1: Recovered from pharyngitis patients in Rome, Italy, by Dr. Giovanni Gherardi.

emm29.2: Pittsburgh throat isolate 7c.

Additional emm29 subtypes in ftp database.

emm30 (reference subtype: emm30.0 ). 265 base entry closely matching accession u11944 (287 bases). T pattern and OF phenotype. T23, opacity factor negative. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: none. CDC reference strain. SS109 (T-NT, OF-) = RCL D24/42/2 obtained in 1963. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm30 subtypes in ftp database.

emm31 (reference subtype: emm31.0 ). 339 base entry closely matching accession u11944 (263 bases). Our data indicates that emm31.1 is the most commonly occurring allele in the San Francisco area. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually TNT, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 18/3424. Predominantly from patients in San Francisco area. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil. CDC reference strain. SS90 (T-NT, OF-) = RCL J137/34/1, obtained in 1969. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm31.1. Include blood and/or joint isolates from San Francisco (1706-00, 1712-00, 1713-00, 1714-00). Additionally found in Florida isolate 1440-00.

Additional emm31 subtypes in ftp database.

emm32 (reference subtype: emm32.0 ). 299 base entry (GenBank accession L47325). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. TNT, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: none. Where we have found it. Only one isolate ( emm32.1 ) from patient in Chile. CDC reference strain. SS48 (T8/14/23, OF-) = RCL C121/39/2. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm32.1. Leg wound isolate from patient in Chile (2951-97 [T-NT, OF-]).

Additional emm32 subtypes in ftp database

emm33 (reference subtype: emm33.0 ). 337 base entry which represents the most common allele. It closely matches accession u11942 (230 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T3/13/B3264, OF-) Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 50/3424 (1.5%). Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Egypt CDC reference strain. SS878 (T3/13/B, OF-) = RCL C107/24/1, obtained in 1969. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative

Additional emm33 subtypes in ftp database.

emm34 (reference subtype: emm34.0 ). 340 base entry closely matching accession L47324 (297 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: none. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS784 (T3/13/28, OF-) = RCL C142/82/5, obtained in 1968. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

emm36 ( reference subtype: emm36.0 ). 410 base entry closely matching accession u11941 (290 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. TNT, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: none. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS873 (T9, OF-) = RCL C119/58/4, obtained in 1969. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm36 subtypes in ftp database.

emm37 (reference subtype: emm37.0 ). 270 base entry closely matching accession u11970 (266 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype TNT, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: None Where we have found it. Only in the reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS53 (T-NT, OF-) = RCL C242, obtained in 1949. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

emm38 (reference subtype: emm38.0 ). 481 base entry. emm38 has identical 5 ' sequence to emm40 until about base 270. The 2 deduced amino acid sequences are almost identical with only 2 conservative substitutions. Downstream of the type and subtype -determining region the 2 genes appear to diverge significantly, however we have not yet sequenced further. The emm amplicons from our M38 and M40 reference strains differ in size by about 100 bp. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. TNT. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: none. SS54 and SS306 (T-NT, OF-)= RCL C141 and RCL D61 respectively, obtained in 1949-50. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

emm40 (reference subtype: emm40.0 ). GenBank accession #L46817 (340 bases). See emm38. Note that the subtype-determining region is identical to emm38.0. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001:. none. CDC reference strain. SS138 and SS722(T-NT, OF-) = RCL C143/25/1 and RCL C143/25/4, obtained in 1949 and 1967. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm38 subtypes in ftp database.

emm39 (reference subtype: emm39.0. 369 base entry closely matching accession u11968 (253 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T-B3264, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: : 1/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, New Guinea. CDC reference strain. SS731 (T-NT)= RCL C95/60B/3, obtained in 1967. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm39 subtypes in ftp database.

emm41 (reference subtype: emm41.0 ). 488 base entry is identical in its overlap with accession X58178 (entire gene). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T3/13/B, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 48/3424 (1.4%). All emm41.2 isolates from San Francisco (9), Minnesota (1), and Tennessee (1). Where we have found it. U.S., Argentina, Brazil, Egypt (mainly impetigo isolates). CDC reference strain. SS795 (T3/13/B, OF-) = CV162, obtained from Dr. L. Wannamaker, University of Minnesota, in 1968. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm41.1. 6649-99; Argentina isolate.

emm41-2. Appears to be the most commonly found emm41 allele. Reference strains C1998001974 and 4474-00, both T3/13/B3264, OF- (invasive isolates from patients in Minnesota. and TN respectively). Also 3964-00 ( Minnesota blood isolate).

emm41.3: Blood isolate 4245-01 (TNT, OF-) from 85 year old female residing in Chicago, Illinois.

Additional emm41 subtypes in ftp database.

emm42 (reference subtype: emm42.0 ). 408 bases. GenBank accession # L46799. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B3264, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: :1/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Chile, Brazil. CDC reference strain. SS641(T3/13/B, OF-) = RCL C113/34/10. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm42 subtypes in ftp database.

emm43 (reference subtype: emm43.0 ). 306 base entry represents most common allele and closely matching accession u11965 (264 bases). Provisional type PT4854 reference strain SS1395 (T3/13/B, OF-) has a nearly identical 5 ' sequence to emm43 with about 99% identity over the first 5 ' 306 bases (97.1% identity over 102 amino acids). Lancefield extracts of SS380 and SS1395 show a line of identity with M43 antisera. We consider pt4854 to be an emm43 allele, at least until both genes have been totally sequenced and shown to be significantly different. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T3/13/B3264, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 65/3424 (1.9%). Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Egypt, New Guinea, Nepal. CDC reference strain. SS380 (T3/13/B, OF-) = RCL C126/59/2. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm49.1: Type strains 113-95(T14, OF+) blood isolate from California and 4707-99(T14, OF+) blood isolate from Connecticut.

emm49.2: 3402-99(T14, OF-). Throat isolate from cat provided by Dr. C. Lämmler.

emm49.3. Reference strain is 2465-00(T14, OF-). From patient living in Uruguay.

emm49.4: Reference strain is throat isolate 1749-01(T12, OF+, sof66 ) from a Nepalese child.

Additional emm49 subtypes in ftp database.

emm50 (reference subtype: emm50.0 ). 287 bases, closely matching accession u52008 (whole gene). The emm50 5' sequence almost identical to the emm62 5 ' sequence. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. TNT, OF-. T pattern T11/12 is associated with the M type 62 reference strain. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 2/3424. Where we have found it. U.S. only. They have all been T11/12, OF+. CDC reference strain. mouse isolate (SS465, TNT, OF-) = RCL B514/33/1, obtained in 1954. sof gene(s). not examined.

Additional emm50 subtypes:

emm62.0. 334 bases, closely matching accession u11983 (174 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T11/12 OF+. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: (8/12/00): 2/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Poland, Korea. CDC reference strain. SS951 and SS984( sof62 ) [both T12, OF+, pharyngeal isolates). SS951 is a representative of the food borne outbreak of pharyngitis at the Air Force Academy, Ft. Collins CO. received from E. Wilson on 5/15/70 and SS984 was subcultured from R68/485 received from MT Parker, Colindale Laboratory, London England. For original descriptions of the outbreak in Colorado see Hill, HR, et al., 1969. Food-Borne epidemic of streptococcal pharyngitis at the United States Air Force Academy. New. Eng. J. Med. 280:917-921. For original description of R68/485 see: Maxted, W.R. and H. A. Valkenburg. 1969. Variation in the m-antigen of group A streptococci. J. Med. Microbiol. 2:199-210. Note that the emm62 and emm50 reference strains have the same 5 ' sequence. sof gene(s). The 5 ' sof62 sequence is unique (775 bases, GenBank AF138805) and, along with the specific anti-opacity factor type 62, is shared between SS984 and one randomly selected emm62 clinical isolate from Poland.

Additional emm50 subtypes in ftp database.

emm51 (reference subtype: emm51.0 ). 423 bases, closely matching accession u11977 (187 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype: TNT, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001 :None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. SS643(T14, OF-) = AW-AD309/60, obtained from A. Wilson, Dupont, in 1966. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative

emm52 (reference subtype: emm52.0 ). 499 bases, closely matching accession u11976 (232 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B, TB3264, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001 :1/3424. Where we have found it. U.S. (skin infection isolate and 2 sterile site isolates). CDC reference strain. SS686 = strain Schoenborn (CV686) received from FH Top, Univ. Minnesota 1966. See Top, F. H. et al., 1967. M antigens among streptococci isolated from skin lesions. J. Exp. Med. 126:667-685. Skin lesion isolate. T-type 3/13/B, OF-. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC:

emm52.1 California blood isolate 1730-00(T4/3/13/B3264, OF-)

emm53 (reference subtype: emm53.0 ). 361 bases, closely matching accession u11975 (253 bases). Contrary to other published results, our M53 and M67 reference strains have distinct 5 ' emm sequences. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B3264, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001 :14/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, New Zealand, Nepal, and Egypt. CDC reference strain. GAS strain SS773, = strain Hanson (100187) received from WR Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London England 8/2/67. See reference in emm52 for original description of strain Hanson. Skin lesion isolate. T-type 3/13, OF-. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC: emm53.1 California blood isolate 2039-01(T/3/13, OF-)

Additional emm53 subtypes in ftp database.

emm54 (reference subtype: emm54.0 ). 293 bases, closely matching accession u11974 (200 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype: TNT, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 1/3424. Where we have found it. Blood culture isolates of a child in Papua, New Guinea and patient in San Francisco. CDC reference strain. GAS strain SS725 = strain Kingbird (100188) received from WR Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London, England 6/21/67. See reference in emm52 for original description of strain Kingbird. Skin lesion isolate. T-type 23 (or 15/17/19/23), OF -. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm54 subtypes in ftp database.

emm55 (reference subtype: emm55.0 ). 355 bases, closely matching accession u11973 (267 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype: TNT, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: None. Where we have found it. We have identified 2 U. S. isolates, and an emm55 clinical isolate from a blood culture of a child in Papua, New Guinea. Also throat isolate 1720(TNT, OF-) of child in Nepal. CDC reference strain. GAS strain SS934 (T8/25/IMP19, OF-) = skin lesion isolate TrinidadA (Trinidad 7s) received from EV Potter, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 6/21/67. For original description of Trinidad A see: Potter, E. V., et al., 1967. Characteristics of beta hemolytic streptococci associated with acute glomerulonephritis in Trinidad, West Indies. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 71:126-137. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm55 subtypes in ftp database.

emm56 (reference subtype: emm56.0 ). 389 bases, closely matching accession u11972 (247 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype: TNT, OF-. Skin infection isolates were TNT, OF-. The sterile site isolates were T28, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 4/3424. Where we have found it. U.S. sterile site isolates and skin infection patients in Hawaii. Also found in patients in Brazil and Nepal (throat isolate). CDC reference strain. GAS strain SS743 (TNT, OF-) = skin lesion isolate Baker received from G. Stollerman, University Tennessee, Memphis, TN, 8/9/67. For original description of strain Baker see: Johnson, J. C., et al., 1968. Virulence of skin strains of nephritogenic group A streptococci: new M protein serotypes. J. Immunol. 101:187-191. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm56 subtypes in ftp database.

emm57 (reference subtype: emm57.0 ). 337 bases, closely matching accession u11971 (248 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype: TNT, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: Where we have found it. Nepal throat isolate 1317(TNT, OF-) and skin lesion isolate 706 (T3, OF-). We have also encountered type emm57 (see stc57 ) in group C isolates recovered from human clinical specimens in Argentina. CDC reference strain. GAS strain SS790(T8/25/Imp19, OF-) = skin lesion isolate R67/3890 received from MT. Parker, Colindale laboratory, London, England 5/21/68. See, Parker, M.T., 1969. Streptococcal skin infection and acute glomerulonephritis. Br. J. Derm. 81:37-46 for original description of the strain. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC.

stC57.0: 729 bases. Group C blood isolate 6980-99. Has a few substitutions in mature peptide (including subtype-specific sequence) and export signal sequence different compared to emm57.

Additional emm57 subtypes in ftp database.

emm58 (reference subtype: emm58.0 ). 391 bases, closely matching accession u11988 (224 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. All isolates have been OF+ and have T-typed with one or more components of the 8/25/Imp19 complex, except one T4 isolate. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 46/3424 isolates (1.3%). Where we have found it. U.S., South America, Mexico, Europe, New Guinea, New Zealand. CDC reference strain. SS872(T8/25/Imp19, OF+, sof58 ) = R67/3884 received from MT Parker, Colindale laboratory, London, England 4/18/69. Original isolate sent to the Colindale laboratory by Dr. Bassett in Trinidad. Skin lesion (foot) isolate from patient with acute glomerulonephritis. sof gene(s). The sof58 5 ' sequence is unique (1187 bases, GenBank AF138801) and shared between SS872 and three recent emm58 clinical isolates that we have examined.

other subtypes documented at CDC.

emm58.1: 568 bases. Reference strain = joint isolate 5321-98(T25, OF+) from patient in Minnesota.

emm58.2: 725 bases. Reference strain = CT patient blood isolate 919-00(TNT, OF-).

emm58.3: From pharyngitis isolate AK-100 (child in Arkansas ).

Additional emm58 subtypes in ftp database.

emm59 (reference subtype: emm59.0 ). 433 bases, closely matching accession u11987 (265 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T11/12, OF+. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 36/3424 (1.1%). Where we have found it. U.S., South America, Bulgaria, Italy. CDC reference strain. SS913 (T14/25/Imp19, OF+, sof59 ). Skin lesion isolate from patient with acute glomerulonephritis. = strain D13 (Kimber or 2829-S) received from HC Dillon, University Alabama, Birmingham AL 7/1/69. See, Dillon, H.C. and M. S. A. Dillon. 1974. New streptococcal serotypes causing pyoderma and acute glomerulonephritis types 59, 60, and 61. Infect. Immun. 9:1070-1078, for original description of the type strains for emm59, emm60 and emm61. sof gene(s). The sof59 5 ' sequence is unique (648 bases, GenBank AF138802) and shared between SS913 and our emm59 isolates.

emm60 (reference subtype: emm60.0 ). 452 bases, closely matching accession u11985 (224 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T4, OF+. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001 :3/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., France, New Guinea, Malaysia, Poland, and Brazil (All but one T4, OF+). CDC reference strain. SS874(T4, OF+, sof60 ) = 2990-S ( Alabama 4) received from HC Dillon, University of Alabama, Birmingham AL 5/1/69. For original description of the strain see reference in emm59 listing. Skin lesion isolate, reportedly associated with acute glomerulonephritis. sof gene(s). The sof60 5 ' sequence (706 bases, GenBank AF138803) is unique and is shared between SS874 and our emm60 clinical isolates.

other subtypes documented at CDC.

emm60.1: 696 bases. 4272-99(T4, OF+) surgical wound isolate provided by Dr. Farida Jamal in Malaysia. Also at least least 1 each from Brazil and Poland.

emm60.2: 721 bases. GA blood isolate 4470-00(TNT, OF+).

Additional emm60 subtypes in ftp database.

emm61 (see emm44 )

emm62 (see emm50 )

emm63 (reference subtype emm63.0) Description. 429 bases, closely matching accession u11982 (289 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 6/3424 isolates. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Egypt, Nepal (throat and skin isolates). CDC reference strain. SS985(T4, OF+, sof63 skin lesion isolate) which was subcultured from strain SF2 (Sectaram) received from W. R. Maxted, Colindale laboratory, London, England, 7/23/71. This strain was sent to the Colindale laboratory by Dr. D. C. J. Bassett, Trinidad, West Indies. For original description of the strain see: Maxted, W. R., et al., 1973. The use of the serum opacity reaction in the typing of group A streptococci. J. Med. Microbiol. 6:83-90. sof gene(s). The sof63 5 ' sequence (see AF181974 for entire gene) and anti-opacity type 63 is shared between SS985 and 2 emm63 clinical isolates (T4 and TNT) that we have checked. sof722 5 ' sequence (621 bases, GenBank AF247669) is also unique and was found in isolate 722-00 (T6/23, OF+, emm63). Two other distinct sof sequence types were found in emm63.3 T type 6 isolates ( sof1133 and sof6100 ).

other subtypes documented at CDC.

emm63.1: 605 bases. 5623-99(T6, OF+) is the type strain (throat isolate from Egypt ). Also at least one other in collection: 1430-99(T6, OF+, skin isolate from Egypt ).

emm63.2: 432 bases. 21-96(TNT, OF+, sof63 )

emm63.3: Reference strain SS1133(T6/23, OF+, sof1133 ), recovered from pharyngitis epidemic involving gay men in San Francisco.

emm63.4: Reference strain is Connecticut blood isolate 3861-01 (TNT, OF-).

emm64 (reference subtype emm64. 0 ). Description. 540 bases, closely matching accession u11981 (217 bases). The emm64 5 ' sequences and PT2195 5 ' sequences are very similar, and we consider them to be alleles of the same gene (at least until both are completely sequenced). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. We have seen T14 and T3/13, OF- isolates. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. (7/16/01): 1/3424. Where we have found it. U.S. (3), Brazil (2), Chile (1), Argentina (1). CDC reference strain. CDC reference strain SS989(T8/14, OF-) which was subcultured from strain 644 received from S. Berger- Rabinowitz, Jerusalem, Israel, 12/9/71. The strain was isolated by Dr. Rabinowitz during her studies described in: Bergner-Rabinowitz, S, et al., 1966. J. Med. Sci. 2:428-435. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other alleles documented at CDC.

emm64.1: 2954-97(T3/13, OF-) from wound isolate in Chile.

emm64.2: Reference strain 5694-00 (TNT, OF-).

Additional emm64 subtypes in ftp database.

emm65 (reference subtype emm65.0 ). Description. 640 bases, closely matching accession u11980 (224 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. All OF-. We have found isolates that are T3/13/B3264, TNT, or T25.Our M65 and M69 reference strains share nearly identical 5 ' sequence, but differ in their T agglutination patterns. Additionally, the so-called pt3800 strain SS1465 has identical 5 ' sequence to emm65 over the 5 ' 640 bases. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 4/3424. Where we have found it. U.S. (1), South America (3), Bulgaria (5), Nepal (throat and skin isolates). CDC reference strain. SS1042 (T8/25/Imp19, OF-, skin lesion isolate) = strain 5654-1-s received from H. C. Dillon, University of Alabama, Birmingham AL 6/1/73. For the original description of the strain see: Dillon, H. C., et al., 1975. A new M-type of group A streptococci of clinical importance in pyoderma and pharyngitis. J. Gen. Microbiol. 91:119-126. sof gene(s). Not examined. The PT3800 reference strain SS1465 appears to have an aberrant deletion derivative of the sof gene.

additional emm65 subtypes:

emm69.0 Description. 566 bases, GenBank accession number AF056498. Our M65 and M69 reference strains share nearly identical 5 ' sequence, but differ in their T agglutination patterns. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. reference strain. SS1096 (T3/13/B, OF-) = Cairo 3 received from A. El Kholy, Cairo, Egypt 2/21/71. See emm68 for reference. Skin lesion isolate. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm65 subtypes in ftp database.

emm66 (reference subtype emm66. 0) 528 bases, closely matching accession u11999 (236 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Generally T12, OF+. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 10/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Nepal (throat isolate), and Mexico. CDC reference strain. SS1037 (skin lesion isolate T12, OF+) = strain 5505-1-s received from H C Dillon, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 2/27/73. sof gene(s). The sof66 sequence is unique (769 bases, GenBank AF138807) and shared between SS1037 and randomly selected U.S. emm66 clinical isolates.

Additional emm66 subtypes in ftp database.

emm67 (reference subtype emm67.0 ). Description. 335 bases. GenBank accession number = AF025949. In contrast to the results of Whatmore et al (Mol. Microbiol. 1994. 14:619-631), the emm67 sequence from our M67 reference strain SS1084 is unique and is distinct from the emm53 sequence. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Brazil (blood isolate), Chile, Nepal (throat isolate). CDC reference strain. SS1084 (skin lesion isolate, T3/13/28, OF-) = PSC227 received from A. Bisno, Memphis AL. 10/10/74 sof gene(s). not examined.

emm68 (reference subtype emm68.0 ). Description. 526 bases. Accession number AF025948. In contrast to the results of Whatmore et al (Mol. Microbiol. 1994. 14:619-631), the emm68 sequence from our M68 reference strain SS1095 is unique and distinct from the emm1 sequence. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Generally OF+. T1, T3/13/B3264, T6, and T12 emm68 isolates have been seen. Population based sampling in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 16/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Nepal skin lesion isolate 752 (T1/13, OF-). CDC reference strain. SS1095 (T1, OF+, sof68 ) = Cairo 2 received from A. El Kholy Cairo, Egypt 2/21/71. The four reference strains identified as emm68, emm69, emm70, and emm71 were all isolated from skin lesions of Egyptian children. El Kholy, A., et al., 1973. Group A beta hemolytic streptococci in skin lesions among an Egyptian school children population. J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol.17:316-322. sof gene(s). The sof68 5 ' sequence (769 bases, GenBank AF138808) and the anti-opacity type 68 are apparently specific for emm68, T1 strains (SS1095 and 2367-97[ California blood isolate]). See under emm68.1 for additional sof gene sequences.

other alleles documented at CDC.

emm68.1: 468 bases. Type strain is 4438-98(T3/B3264, OF+, sof4438 [ 784 bases, GenBank AF191034], blood isolate from GA). Also 4470-96(T3/13, OF+, sof4470, [630 bases, GenBank AF179217]), which was a blood isolate from Connecticut, and 6615-99 (T3/13, OF+) from Brazil. These isolates specifically cross react with anti-M68 sera, yet the M68.1 isolates are not serologically identical to the M68 reference strain in gel diffusion tests against anti-M68.

emm68.2: 668 bases. At least one isolate ( Brazil blood T6, OF+ isolate = 6602-99).

emm68.3: 293 bases. 1497-95 (TB3264, OF+). Georgia blood isolate.

emm68.4: 574 bases. 5285-95 (T12, OF+). Minnesota blood isolate.

Additional emm68 subtypes in ftp database.

emm69. See emm65.

emm70 (reference subtype emm70. 0). Description. 440 bases, GenBank accession number AF035838. Also closely matches accession L27095 (325 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Variable T patterns. All OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001. Where we have found it. U.S., Chile, Nepal skin lesion isolate 700 (T8/14, OF-). CDC reference strain. SS1097 (T28, OF-) = Cairo 4 received from A. El Kholy, Cairo, Egypt 2/21/71. See emm68 for reference. Skin lesion isolate. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

emm71 (reference subtype emm71.0 ). Description. 300 bases. GenBank accession number: L46652. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 1/3424. Where we have found it. Nepal skin lesion and throat isolates (T3/13, OF-), San Francisco blood isolate 125-01(T14, OF-) CDC reference strain. SS1098 (T3/13/B/9, OF-) = Cairo 5 received from A. El Kholy, Cairo, Egypt 2/21/71. See emm68 for reference. Skin lesion isolate. sof gene(s). PCR negative.

emm72 (reference subtype emm72. 0). Description. 256 bases, closely matching accession U11996 (228 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS1144 (T12, OF-) = R65/3961 received from W.R. Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London, England, 8/25/76. Strains representing emm72, emm73, emm74 were originally isolated from skin lesions from patients in Trinidad (D.C.J. Bassett). sof gene(s). Not examined.

emm73 (reference subtype emm73.0 ). Description. 328 bases, closely matching accession U11995 (217 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Generally one or more components of T3/13/B3264 complex, OF+. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 59/3424 (1.7%). Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. 8/12/00 through 7/16/02: 19/812 (2.3%). Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Nepal (throat isolate). CDC reference strain. SS1145 (T13, OF+, sof73 ) = R67/239 received from W. R. Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London, England, 8/25/76. See emm72 for reference. Skin lesion isolate. sof gene(s). The sof73 5 ' sequence (614 bases, GenBank AF138809) and corresponding AOF type73 are shared between SS1145 and 2 randomly selected emm73 clinical isolates.

other alleles documented at CDC. emm73.1: Reference strain 145-01(T13, OF+) blood isolate from San Francisco patient.

emm73.2: Reference strain 678-01(T13, OF+) blood isolate from Connecticut patient.

emm73.3: Pharyngitis isolate (CT-4) from child in Connecticut.

Additional emm68 subtypes in ftp database.

emm74 (reference subtype emm74.0 ). Description. 306 bases, closely matching accession U11994 (211 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. The isolates we have seen have generally been T3/13, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Egypt (impetigo isolates), South America, Bulgaria, Nepal (throat isolate), and New Zealand. CDC reference strain. SS1146 (T9, OF-) = R67/1720 received from W. R. Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London, England, 8/25/76. See emm72 for reference. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

emm75 (reference subtype emm75.0 ). Description. 451 bases, closely matching accession U11993 (200 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Generally T25 or T8/25 and OF+. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 74/3424 (2.2%). Where we have found it. U.S., Gambia, Korea, Denmark, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Nepal (throat isolates) and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS1147 (T8/25/IMP19, OF+, sof75 ) = R68/3354 received from W. R. Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London, England, 8/25/76. Original description of strain and diseases are found in Cherry, A., M Fraser, L.C. Ball, C. A. Morris, and N. D. Noah. 1977. Serological characterization of group-A streptococci associated with skin sepsis in meat handlers. J. Hyg. Camb. 78:283- 296. Throat isolate from patient with tonsillitis. sof gene(s). The sof75 5 ' sequence (GenBank accession # AF139736) is found in emm75, pt2233, st1815, and some emm25 isolates. Except for the latter, these generally are anti-OF type 75. One common factor shared by most of these AOF-75 strains is the T antigen type 25. (See accessions X83303 and U02290 for complete sequence of this gene). An unusual T6, OF+, emm75 isolate from Brazil (6733-99, a skin isolate) has a sof gene that is identical over at least its first 600 bases to the sof4958 gene from an emm25 isolate from India (4958-96).

other alleles documented at CDC. emm75.1: San Francisco blood isolate 2043-01(TNT, OF-).

emm76 (reference subtype emm76.0 ). Description. 353 bases, closely matching accession U11992 (194 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. The most common T pattern has been T8/25 followed by T11/12. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 30/3424.. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Mexico, Malaysia, Poland, New Zealand, and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS1148 (T12, OF+, sof76 ) = R72/943 received from W. R. Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London, England, 8/25/76. Strain may also be known as PT Truro. See reference listed in emm75 for original description of strain. Skin lesion isolate. sof gene(s). The sof76 5 ' sequence (591 bases, GenBank accession AF139734) is identical to sof 85 from type emm85 isolates, and the anti-opacity factor type 76 is shared between emm76 and emm85 isolates that we have tested. (Beall et al. Microbiology. 2000. 146:1195-1209.).

other alleles documented at CDC.

emm76.1: 575 bases. 2125-99(T11, OF+) is type strain (skin isolate from Egypt ). 110-95(T8/25, OF+) is another example (blood isolate from California ).

emm76.2: 714 bases. Type strain 5490-99(T8/25, OF+). Blood isolate from New York.

emm76.3: 4662-01(T8/25, OF+). Pulmonary abscess isolate from individual in New York.

Additional emm76 subtypes in ftp database.

emm77 (reference subtype emm77.0 ). Description. 450 bases, closely matching accession U11991 (283 bases). Also see GenBank accession # AF176247 (Lancefield ' s M27 strain). The emm27L gene has an almost identical 5 ' sequence to emm77 (over 379 bases with identical translation over overlap with emm77 ). These strains have been found to be M type 77, which agrees with the sequence identity found between these 2 partial sequences. Since most reference laboratories adapted the Griffiths M27 ( emm27G) as the M27 reference strain, the emm27L nomenclature has been dropped. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. The most common T patterns include components of the T3/13/B3264 complex. Many are also T13/28 or T28. Rarely T5/27/44, as in the Lancefield M27 strain. Usually OF+. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 97/3424 (2.8%). Where we have found it. We have found T13, sof77, emm77 isolates in U.S., Egypt, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and New Zealand. We have found type 5/27/44, sof27L, emm77 isolates in U.S., Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, and Mexico. We have recovered TNT, OF+ throat and skin lesion isolates in Nepalese children. CDC reference strain. SS1149 (T13, OF+, sof77 ) = R72/2773 received from W. R. Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London, England, 8/25/76. See reference listed in emm75 for original description of strain and diseases. Throat culture isolate associated with foodborne disease outbreak. Also SS627, SS797, SS132 (all T5/27/44, OF+, sof27L ) = RCL T27/2/21/66, RCL T27/7/12/68, and RCL T27/40/0 respectively (obtained by CDC in 1949, 1966, and 1968 respectively). sof gene(s). The sof77 5 ' sequence (1340 bases, GenBank AF138810) is unique, and along with the anti-OF type 77 is shared between SS1149 and randomly selected emm77 (T28 or T13) clinical isolates. Rarely found T5/27/44 isolates are associated with the sof27L sequence.

other alleles documented at CDC. emm77.1: from Illinois pediatric pharyngitis isolate IL-2.

emm78 (reference subtype emm78.0 ). Description. 415 bases, closely matching accession U11990 (256 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 6/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Egypt, France, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Nepal (skin lesions and throat, T3/5/27/44, OF+, unique sof170201 ) and the Czech Republic. CDC reference strain. Throat culture isolate SS1150 (T11, OF+, sof78 ) = R72/3085 received from W. R. Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London, England. See reference listed in emm75 for original description of strain and diseases. Strain may also be known as PT Constable. See reference listed in emm75 for original description of strain and diseases. Throat culture isolate. A second type strain is CDC SS968. This strain also known as Boston 11 was described in Larsen, S.A., M. D. Moody, R. R. Facklam, 1970. Antigenic variation in group A streptococci: types 11 and 9. Appl. Microbiol. 20:40-45. sof gene(s). The sof78 5 ' sequence (743 bases, GenBank AF139739) is unique and shared between SS1150 and 3 randomly selected emm78 clinical isolates taken from the U.S. These U.S. isolates also shared anti-opacity type 78.

other alleles documented at CDC.

emm78.1: Reference strain is throat isolate Argentina 3796-00(T11, OF+).

emm79 (reference subtype emm79.0 ). Description. 322 bases, closely matching accession U12004 (this accession is described as emm80 ). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: none. Where we have found it. Throat isolates from Nepalese children, all of which were emm79.1 (T12/13, OF-). CDC reference strain. is SS1151(T25/imp19, OF+, sof79 ) =R74/2015 received from W. R. Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London, England. See reference listed in emm75 for original description of strain and diseases. Wound culture isolate associated with an outbreak of septic skin lesions. sof gene(s). The sof79 5 ' sequence from SS1151 is unique (639 bases, GenBank AF192473).

other alleles documented at CDC. emm79.1: Reference strain Nepal throat isolate 1306 (T12/13, unique sof130501 ).

Additional emm79 subtypes in ftp database

emm80 (reference subtype emm80.0 ). Description. 354 bases, closely matching accession L27097 (385 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 4/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, New Zealand, Bulgaria, Italy, Canada, Italy, and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS1152 (T14, OF-) = R75/2681 received from W. R. Maxted, Colindale Laboratory, London, England. See reference listed in emm75 for original description of strain and diseases. Wound culture isolate associated with an outbreak of septic skin lesions. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other alleles documented at CDC.

emm80.1: nasopharyngeal isolates provided by Dr. Giovanni Gherardi recovered from patients in Rome, Italy.

Additional emm80 subtypes in ftp database.

emm81 (reference subtype emm81.0 ) Description. 432 bases, closely matching accessions U12003 (238 bases) and U11933 ( pt1658, 136bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 7/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Canada, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Malaysia, Korea, Egypt, and Ethiopia. CDC reference strain. SS1173 (TNT, OF+, sof81 ) = strain 1233 received from S. Bergner-Rabinowitz, Jerusalem, Israel on 4/14/78. We have no information about source of culture or any disease association. The 5 ' emm sequence of our pt1658 reference strain is identical to the emm81 sequence over at least the first 425 bp, and both strains type as M type 81 (however pt1658 reference strain has unique sof ). sof gene(s). The emm81 reference strain and a T3/13/B3264 emm81 isolate from Argentina have the same unique 5 ' sof sequence (1292 bases, GenBank AF138811). See "other alleles" for two additional sof genes associated with type emm81.

other alleles documented at CDC.

emm81.1 531 bases. Reference strain=6734-99 (T12, OF+), isolated from throat in Brazil. 187-98(T6, OF+), a wound infection from Hawaii, is another example. 2252-00 (T23, OF+, wound aspirate isolate) is associated with a unique sof (AF251439, 1148 bases).

Additional emm81 subtypes in ftp database.

emm82 (reference subtype emm82.0, formerly pt180 ). Description. 497 bases, closely matching accession U11960 (189 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Generally T5/27/44, OF+. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 106/3424 (3.1%). Where we have found it. U.S., Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Malaysia, Nepalese children (skin lesion and throat isolates (all Nepal and Egypt isolates emm82.1, T3/13/B3265, OF+, unique sof74801 ), and Mexico. CDC reference strain. SS1402(T5/27/44, OF+, sof82 ) = R72/180 = NCTC 12062 from A. Efstratiou ( Colindale Laboratory, U.K. 6/20/96. It has been isolated from skin sepsis outbreaks, hospital wound infections, and throat swabs [Fraser, CAM, and G. Colman. 1985. Some provisional M-types among Streptococcus pyogenes (Lancefield group A). In Recent Advances in Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases. Kimura, Y., S. Kotami, Y Shiokawa (eds.) ReedBooks Ltd. Bracknell, U. K. P 35-36]. sof gene(s). The sof82 5 ' sequence (1357 bases, GenBank AF139753) is unique and shared between SS1402 and our U.S. emm82 clinical isolates.

other alleles documented at CDC. emm82.1: Skin lesion isolate 748(T3/13, OF+, sof74801 ) from Nepalese child.

Additional emm82 subtypes in ftp database.

emm83 (reference subtype emm83. 0, formerly pt2110 ). Description. 421 bases closely matching accessions U119957 (227 bases) and L27096 (316 bases). emm83.1 is by far more common than emm83. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T3/13/B, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 34/3424 (1.0%). Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Denmark, Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS1400 = R82/2110 = NCTC12064 from A. Efstratiou ( Colindale Laboratory, U.K. ) 6/20/96.. (See reference in emm82 for original isolation and description of this strain. Reportedly isolated from skin sepsis. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other alleles documented at CDC.

emm83.1: Reference strain 7846-99 (Group A, T3, OF- sterile site isolate from Connecticut ). Definitely is the prevalent emm83 subtype in U.S. isolates.

emm83.2: Reference strain 2081-01 (T3/13/B3264, OF-) sterile site isolate from Georgia.

Additional emm83 subtypes in ftp database.

emm84 (reference subtype emm84. 0, formerly pt2233 ). Description. 324 bases, closely matching accession U11954 (256 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS1449(T8/25/Imp19, OF+, sof75 ) = R75/2233 received from A. Efstratiou ( Colindale Laboratory, U.K. ) 3/8/97. Reportedly isolated from a patient with pyoderma. See emm82 reference for description of strain. sof gene(s). The sof84 5 ' sequence is identical to sof75. See U02290 for complete sof84 sequence submitted by Dr. Vince Fischetti. At the time this was thought to represent sof22 from an M type 22 strain, however subsequently it has been found that this strain is actually emm type emm84 and not typeable with M22 antisera.

Additional emm84 subtypes in ftp database.

emm85 (reference subtype emm85. 0, formerly pt2612 ). Description. 448 bases, closely matching accession U11950 (226 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present. (7/16/01): 1/3424.. Where we have found it. U.S. (including 18 isolates from skin infection outbreak in Hawaii ), Nepalese children skin lesion isolates (T3/13/B3264, OF+), and Malaysia. CDC reference strain. SS1447(T3, sof85 ) = R76/2612 obtained from A. Efstratiou ( Colindale Laboratory, U.K. ) 3/8/97. The M85 serotype reportedly obtained from a throat swab isolate of a rheumatic fever patient and skin sepsis patients. See reference in emm82 for original isolation and description of strain. sof gene(s). The sof85 5 ' sequence (591 bases, GenBank AF139735) is identical to sof76, and emm85 isolates have the anti-opacity factor type 76 (Beall et al. Microbiology. 2000. 146:1195-1209).

Additional emm85 subtypes in ftp database.

emm86 (reference subtype emm86. 0, formerly pt2631 ). Description. 404 bases. GenBank accession number U94589. The PT2631 (M86) serotype reportedly obtained from patients in Trinidad during 1976 (one with rheumatic fever). Some T5/27/44 positive isolates of this serotype were reported from India and Thailand (see reference in pt180 for original description of strains). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present. (7/16/01): 2/3424.. Where we have found it. U.S., India, and Argentina. CDC reference strain. SS1448 = R76/2631 obtained from A. Efstratiou ( Colindale Laboratory, U.K. ) 3/8/97. T-type 3/13/B/28, OF-).sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other alleles documented at CDC.

emm89.1: 707 bases. Reference strain 2472-00(T11/12, phenotypically OF-). Note that the emm89.1 sequence differs from emm89 by a single base resulting in an amino acid substitution. The emm89.1 allele is common.

emm89.2: 691 bases. Reference strain 2524-00(TNT, OF-). Oregon blood isolate.

emm89.3: 723 bases. Reference strain CT blood isolate 917-00. TNT, OF+.

emm89.4: 720 bases. Reference strains GA peritoneal fluid isolates 4521-00 and 4043-00 (both TNT, OF+).

emm89.5: Reference strain Colorado blood isolate 3404-01(T13/B3264, OF+).

Additional emm89 subtypes in ftp database.

emm90 ( reference subtype emm90.0, formerly pt4931 ). Description. 483 bases, closely matching accession U11978 (229 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: none. Where we have found it. New Guinea isolate 2038-92 (T3/13/B3264, OF+). CDC reference strain. SS1396(T3/13/B, OF+, sof90 ) = R61/2516 = NCTC10268 obtained from Dr. A. Efstratiou ( Colindale Laboratory, U.K. ) 6/20/96.. The PT4931 (now M90) serotype reportedly associated with skin lesion isolates in the U.K. [see emm82 ( pt180 )] for reference describing initial isolation and identification of strain]. sof gene(s). sof90 5 ' sequence is unique (638 bases, GenBank AF139740).

Additional emm90 subtypes in ftp database.

emm91 ( emm91.0, formerly pt5757 ). Description. 393 bases, closely matching accessions U11989 (240 bases) and L27094. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. we have found it. Malaysia, Poland, and Chile. CDC reference strain. SS1398 = R79/5757 = NCTC12066 obtained from A. Efstratiou ( Colindale Laboratory, U.K. ) 6/20/96. T 5/27/44, OF-. The PT5757 (now M91) serotype reportedly associated with skin sepsis, sore throat, and wound sepsis in the U.K. and Germany (see reference in emm82 for isolation and description of original strain. sof gene(s). Not examined.

Additional emm91 subtypes in ftp database.

emm92 ( reference subtype emm92.0, formerly st2974 or pt5118 ). Description. 363 bases. GenBank accession number U50337. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Typically T8/25/Imp19, OF+. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. (7/16/01):50/3424 (1.5%). Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. 8/12/00 through 7/16/01: 4/812. Where we have found it. U.S., Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Egypt, and Bulgaria. CDC reference strain. SS1358 = blood culture isolate 2974-95 (TImp19, OF+, sof92 ). Blood culture isolate from patient in San Francisco. Strain NZ5118 appears to be genetically and serologically identical to SS1358. Strain NZ5118 was isolated prior to stain 2974-95. Strain NZ5118 (D. Martin) was isolated from a child with impetigo residing in New Zealand. The oldest strain in our reference collection that also has this same emm sequence is CDC strain SS-585 = C632/RB6/1 which is reference strain for T-type imp19. This strain was received from T. Parker, Colindale Laboratory, London UK on 3/12/63. sof gene(s). The sof92 5 ' sequence (654 bases, GenBank AF139748) is unique and shared between SS1358, NZ5118, and randomly selected emm92 clinical isolates. One T3/13/B3264 isolate from Egypt found to have 5 ' sof sequence identical to sof1881 (660 bases, GenBank AF139755) originally found in an emm type st4935 isolate).

emm93 ( reference subtype emm93.0, formerly emmpotter41 ). Description. 403 bases, closely matching accession U12001 (221 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Brazil CDC reference strain. Brazil isolate 3907-98(T3/13/B3264, OF-) is current reference strain. sof gene(s). Not examined.

Additional emm93 subtypes in ftp database

emm94 ( reference subtype emm94.0, formerly emm13W ). Description. 516 base entry closely matching accession U11936 (Whatmore emm13 ). T pattern and OF phenotype. Usually T3/13/B, opacity factor positive. Population based sampling in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: 51/3424 (1.5%). Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. 8/12/00 through 7/16/01: 8/812. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Korea.CDC reference strain. SS1457 (T3/B3264, OF+, sof13w ). sof gene(s). The prevalent emm94 isolates are associated with a conserved unique sof 5 ' sequence ( sof13w GenBank accession # AF138794).

Additional emm94 subtypes in ftp database.

emm95 ( reference subtype emm95.0, formerly st64 / 14 ). Description. 408 bases, closely matching accession X72932 (entire gene). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T6, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. (7/16/01):4/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Mexico, Brazil. CDC reference strain. SS1343 (Group A, T6, OF-) = 64/14 obtained from Dr. Michael Boyle, Toledo, Ohio. See Boyle, M.D., et al. 1994. Infect. Immun. 62:1336-47. sof gene(s). sof pcr negative using at least 2 different primer sets.

Additional emm95 subtypes in ftp database.

emm96 ( reference subtype emm96.0, formerly stA207 ) Description. 358 bases, closely matching accession U28142 (459 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3, OF+. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. (7/16/01):1/3424. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. None. Where we have found it. U.S. CDC reference strain. SS1413(Group A, T3, OF+, sofA207 ) = A207. Obtained from Dr. Michael Boyle 8/25/96. Strain originated in the Lancefield collection. sof gene(s). The sofA207 5 ' sequence (GenBank accession # AF139747) is unique and shared between SS1413 and our stA207 clinical isolates.

emm97 ( reference subtype emm97.0, formerly st88 / 31 ). Description. 357 bases, closely matching accession L05017 (243 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Reference strain and throat isolate 1336 (TNT, OF-) from Nepalese child. CDC reference strain. SS1432(group A, T3/13/14, OF -) obtained from Dr. Sriprakash, Australia. See reference in st90/85 for original description of the stain. Isolated from scabetic lesions on a child in Darwin. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other alleles documented at CDC. emm97.1: Throat isolate 1336 (TNT, OF-) from Nepalese child.

emm98 ( reference subtype emm98.0, formerly st88 / 25 ). Description. 357 bases, closely matching accession L05018 (219 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: (7/16/01):1/3424. Where we have found it. Brazil, New Zealand, U.S. CDC reference strain. SS1434(group A, T3/13/14, OF-) obtained from Dr. Sriprakash, Australia. Isolated from scabetic lesions on a child in Darwin. See reference in emm99 for original description of the strain. sof gene(s). Not checked.

other alleles documented at CDC. emm98.1: 280-96(T3/13/B), impetigo isolate from person living in Hawaii.

Additional emm98 subtypes in ftp database.

emm99 ( reference subtype emm99. 0, formerly st90/85 ). Description. 373 bases, closely matching accession L05021 (243 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. New Zealand, Egypt, and U.S. ( Hawaii ). CDC reference strain. SS1433(Group A, T3, OF-) obtained from Dr. Sriprakash, Australia .Originally isolated from a skin swab, no other details available. See Relf, WA, et al. 1992. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:3190-94. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm99 subtypes in ftp database.

emm100 (reference subtype emm100.0, formerly stNS1 ) 340 bases, closely matching accession L05022 (144 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3, OF-. Type occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. (7/16/01):2/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., skin lesion and throat isolates from Nepalese children. CDC reference strain. SS1435( emm100.0, T3/13/14, OF-) = NS1 obtained from Northern Territory Streptococcal Collection, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia through Dr. Sriprakesh on 12/26/96. Isolated from either the blood or pus of an adult patient who developed a full red body rash and was diagnosed with septicemia and streptococcal toxic shock. See emm95 for reference describing origin of strain. sof gene: sof PCR negative.

emm100.1: reference strain is throat isolate 1716-01(TNT, OF-) from Nepalese child. Subtype: emm101.0 (formerly stNS5 ) 350 bases, closely matching accession L05093 (318 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B, OF-. emm101 occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to 2001. :28/3424 (0.81%). Where we have found it. U.S., Canada, Malaysia. CDC reference strain. SS1462( emm101.0, T3/13/B3264, OF-) = NS5 obtained from Northern Territory Streptococcal Collection, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia through Dr. Diana Martin, New Zealand, 3/27/97. See reference in emm99 for original description of the strain. Isolated from a blood culture of a 3.5 month old baby. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm100 subtypes in ftp database.

emm101 (reference subtype emm101.0, formerly stNS5 ). Description. 350 bases, closely matching accession L05093 (318 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B, OF-. Population based sampling in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. (7/16/01):28/3424 (0.81%). Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. 8/12/00 through 7/16/01: 4/812. Where we have found it. U.S., Canada, Malaysia. CDC reference strain. SS1462(T3/13/B3264, OF-) = NS5 obtained from Northern Territory Streptococcal Collection, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia through Dr. Diana Martin, New Zealand, 3/27/97. See reference in emm99 for original description of the strain. Isolated from a blood culture of a 3.5 month old baby. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC.

emm101.1: 648 bases. 4279-99(group A, T28, OF-) is subtype strain. Vaginal isolate from Malaysian patient provided by Dr. Farida Jamal.

Additional emm101 subtypes in ftp database.

emm102 (reference subtype emm102.0, formerly stNS14x ). 354 bases, closely matching accession L05093 (177 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B3264, OF+. Type occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to 2001: 18/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Australia, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Nepal (skin lesion and throat isolates) and India. CDC reference strain. SS1437 (T3/13/B, OF+, sofns14x ) =NS14X. Isolated from a post-operative wound. Obtained 12/27/96 from Northern Territory Streptococcal Collection, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia through Dr. Sriprakesh. sof gene(s). Random isolates have the unique 5 ' sof gene sequence (582 bases, GenBank AF145351).

other subtypes documented at CDC.

emm102.1: 491 bases, GenBank AF098299. Reference strain SS1362 = 2346-96(T3, OF+). Blood culture isolate from a patient living in Connecticut.

emm102.2: 1523-00(T3, OF-) blood isolate from San Francisco.

emm102.3: Pharyngitis isolate IL-79 from child in Illinois.

Additional emm102 subtypes in ftp database.

emm103 (reference subtype: emm103.0, formerly st2034 ). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3 or TNT, OF-Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to 2001: 2/3424. Where we have found it. U.S. (Including 3 sterile site isolates and 19 skin infection outbreak isolates in Hawaii ), Malaysia, Mexico, Brazil, Nepal (skin lesion isolate), New Guinea, and New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin).. CDC reference strain. SS1370 = 2034-92(TNT, OF-, sof2034 ). Blood culture isolate from a child living in Papua, New Guinea. sof gene(s). The 5 ' sof2034 sequence (567 bases, GenBank AF139742) is unique and shared among randomly selected clinical emm103 isolates.

Additional emm103 subtypes in ftp database.

emm104 (reference subtype emm104.0, formerly st2035 ). 675 bases. GenBank AF056300. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Generally TNT, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. 1/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Malaysia, Nepal (throat isolate), New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin), and Egypt. CDC reference strain.: Originally SS1371 = 2035-92(T11, OF-). Blood culture isolate from a patient living in Papua, New Guinea. Since this isolate failed to multiply in normal human blood, we are using 1457-99 ( Egypt skin infection isolate, TNT) as the new reference strain. sof gene(s). The sof gene from SS1371 (1310 base partial sequence, GenBank AF296185) is identical over at least its 5 ' 220 codons to sof92 from the emm92 reference strain. Strain 1457-99 has the unique sof sequence sof1457 (1415 bases, GenBank AF296184).

emm105 (reference subtype: emm105.0, formerly st4529 ) 425 bases, GenBank AF060227. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to 2001: present update. none. Where we have found it. U.S. ( Hawaii and San Francisco ), Malaysia, Nepalese child (throat isolate), and New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin). CDC reference strain. SS1482 = 4837-96 (T1, OF-). Received from F. Jamal, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Blood culture isolate from a patient living in Malaysia. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

emm106 (reference subtype emm106.0, formerly st4532 ). 460 base entry, Genbank AF077666. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to 2001: None. Where we have found it. Malaysia, Egypt, Nepal (skin lesion and throat isolates from children), Canada, and Iran (reported by Dwight Johnson). CDC reference strain. SS1416 = 4532-96 (TNT, OF+, sof4532 ), Received from F. Jamal, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Blood culture isolate from a patient living in Malaysia. sof gene(s). The sof4532 5 ' sequence from SS1416 is unique (654 bases, GenBank AF192475).

other subtypes documented at CDC. emm106.1: reference strain is 1321-01 (T3/13/B3264, sof4532 ), a throat isolate from a Nepalese child.

Additional emm106 subtypes in ftp database.

emm107 (reference subtype emm107.0, formerly st4264 ). 661 base entry, Genbank AF163684. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to 2001: None Where we have found it. Malaysia, New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin). CDC reference strain. SS1551 = 4264-99(group A, T14/Imp19, OF+, sof4264 ). Knee aspirate from isolate recovered in Malaysia. sof gene(s). The 5 ' sof sequence from SS1551 is unique (666 bases, GenBank AF220500).

emm108 (reference subtype emm108.0, formerly st4547 ). 340 base entry, GenBank AF052426. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T type variable. Always OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to 2001: 1/3424. Where we have found it. Malaysia, New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin), Iran (reported by Dwight Johnson), United States, and Brazil. CDC reference strain. SS1456 = 4547-96 (T14, OF-) = ST54/95. Received from F. Jamal, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Isolated from a throat culture of a patient living in Malaysia. sof gene(s). Not examined.

other subtypes documented at CDC.

emm108.1: Reference strain is isolate 2014-01(T6, OF-) blood isolate from patient in San Francisco.

emm109 (reference subtype emm109.0, formerly st3018 ) 316 base entrt, GenBank AF077667. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T6, OF+. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001. Where we have found it. Malaysia, Egypt, New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin). CDC reference strain. SS1468 = 3018-97 (T6, OF+, sof3018 ). Received from Dr. F. Jamel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 5/29/97. Isolated from a skin culture of a patient living in Malaysia. sof gene(s). The sof3018 5 ' sequence (689 bases, GenBank AF139756) is identical to the corresponding sof sequence from random emm8 isolates.

Additional emm109 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm110 (reference subtype emm110.0, formerly st4935 ) 371 base entry, GenBank U92492. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Variable T type. Generally OF+. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001 :1/3424.. Where we have found it. U.S., Egypt, India, Bulgaria, New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin), Russia (reported by Dwight Johnson). CDC reference strain. SS1422 = 4935-96 (TNT, OF+). Received from Dr. Awdhesh Kalia, New Delhi, India. Throat culture isolate from a patient living in India. sof gene(s). We have found 3 different 5 ' sof sequences associated with emm110 isolates (GenBank accessions AF139755[660 bases, Bulgaria isolate], AF139754[660 bases, India isolate]), and AF177978 [606 bases, California isolate].

Additional emm110 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm111 (reference subtype emm111.0, formerly st4973 ). 415 base entry, GenBank AF128960. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Variable T type, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. India, Egypt (throat and skin isolates), Nepal (throat isolate), and U.S. (sterile site). CDC reference strain. SS1423 = 4973-96(T28, OF-). Received from Dr. Awdhesh Kalia, New Delhi, India. Throat culture isolate from patient with pharyngitis living in India. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC. emm111.1: Reference strain is throat isolate 1728-01 (TNT, OF-) from Nepalese child.

Additional emm111 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm112 (reference subtype emm112.0, formerly stcmuk16 ). 680 base entry identical with overlap with GenBank accession AF091806(342 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001 :1/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil. CDC reference strain. SS1550 (T11/12, OF+, sofcm16 ) from Dr. Sumalee Pruksakorn in Thailand. sof gene(s). reference strain SS1550 and our clinical isolates have a unique 5 ' sof gene sequence (585 bases, AF248238).

other subtypes documented at CDC.

emm112.1: 583 bases. CDC reference strain 1800-99(T11/12, OF+) from Oregon synovial fluid isolate.

Additional emm112 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm113 (reference subtype emm113.0, formerly st2267 ) 413 base entry. Almost identical to 560 base accession AF078068 that was submitted to the GenBank by C.S. Chiou and S.W. Lin with the title "Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes causing scarlet fever in Central Taiwan." T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001. None. Where we have found it. Reference strain provided by Dr. Diana Martin. Dr. Martin has reported it from blood, throat, and skin culture isolates from various patients in New Zealand. Reported in isolates from Thailand (see "description") and China (info from Dwight Johnson). CDC reference strain. SS1470 = 2267-97(TNT, OF-, sof2267 ) = 96/325. Received from Dr. Diana Martin, Porirua, New Zealand , 3/27/97. Unknown source recovered from a patient living in New Zealand. sof gene(s). SS1470 has a unique 5 ' sof sequence (1325 bases, AF296183).

Additional emm113 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm114 (reference subtype emm114.0, formerly st2967 ). 384 base entry. GenBank U50338. emm114 confers a distinct M type (Beall et al. 2000. Microbiology. 146:1195-1209). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Usually T11/12, OF+. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001 :101/3424 (2.9%). Where we have found it. U.S., New Guinea, Gambia, New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin), and Canada. CDC reference strain. SS1357 = 2967-95 (T12, OF+, sof2967 ). Blood culture isolate from patient living in San Francisco. sof gene(s). The sof2967 gene (2587 bases, GenBank AF139749) and the anti-opacity factor type AOF2967 is shared between SS1357 and randomly selected emm114 (as well as emm124 ) clinical isolates. It is interesting that the AOF type ST2967 is found in our emm type st1207 isolate. This corresponds to striking similarity between between the Sof2967 and Sof1207 proteins over a 107 residues region within their putative enzymatic domains.

other subtypes documented at CDC.

emm114.1: 570 bases. Type strain 1787-99(TNT, OF+) Oregon blood isolate. Also 5057-96(TNT, OF+) which was another sterile site isolate from Oregon.

emm114.2: 200 bases. Reference strain SS1374 = 2042-92(T3/13, OF-).

Additional emm114 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm115 (reference subtype emm115.0, formerly st2980 ). Description. 401 bases, GenBank AF028712. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001 :5/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Russia (reported by Dwight Johnson). CDC reference strain. SS1366 = 2980-95(TNT, OF-). Blood culture isolate from a patient living in San Francisco. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

emm116 (reference subtype emm116.0, formerly st2370 ). 688 bases, GenBank AF156180. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001 :1/3424.

Where we have found it. U.S. (3 isolates, reference strain and 2 isolates from post-partum GAS outbreak in Maryland hospital), throat isolate from Nepalese child, New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin). CDC reference strain. SS1467 = 2370-97(T5/27/44, OF-). Isolated from CSF culture from a patient living in San Francisco. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC. emm116.1: reference strain is 1343-01(TNT, OF-) throat isolate from Nepalese child. emm116.2: 394-02(TNT, OF-) blood isolate from patient in Georgia.

emm117 (reference subtype emm117.0, formerly st436 ). 350 bases, GenBank AF058801. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001 :2/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Mexico. CDC reference strain. SS1363 (is isolate 436-95). sof gene(s). The sof436 5 ' sequence is unique (603 bases, GenBank AF192769).

Additional emm117 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm118 (reference subtype emm118.0, formerly st448 ). 355 bases, GenBank AF058802. The deduced protein shares marked homology to M49, which correlated with specific cross-reaction of these isolates from both sof types with anti-M49 typing sera in gel diffusion tests (Beall et al. 2000. Microbiology 146:1195-1209). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B3264 or T6. Usually OF+. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001 :10/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Italy, Nepal (throat isolate), New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin), and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS1364 = 448-95(T3/13/B, OF+, sof436 ). Infected wound isolate from a patient living in Connecticut. sof gene(s). The sof448 5 ' sequence (674 bases, GenBank AF191036) is unique and shared between SS1364 and our emm118 clinical isolates from the U.S. and Italy. The 5 ' sof sequence from Brazil emm118, T6 strains (skin isolates) is also unique (585 bases, AF191037).

Additional emm118 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm119.0 (reference subtype emm119.0, formerly st3365 ). 552 bases, Genbank AF083874. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 2/3424. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, and Nepalese child throat isolate. CDC reference strain. strain SS1499= 3365-98(TNT, OF-). Blood isolate from patient with cellulitis. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

other subtypes documented at CDC.

emm119.1: 675 bases. Reference strains 6609-00(TNT, OF-) and 6611-99(TNT, OF-). Blood isolates from patients living in Brazil.

emm119.2: Reference strain is throat isolate 1724-01(TNT, OF-) from Nepalese child.

Additional emm119 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm120 (reference subtype emm120.0, formerly st1135 ).. 619 bases, GenBank AF296181. Highly related to emm56 (93.3% identical over388 base overlap). Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 0. Where we have found it. Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS1535(T3/13 OF-). Impetigo isolate from Egypt. sof gene(s). sof negative,

emm121 (reference subtype emm121.0, formerly st1161 ). 475 bases. GenBank AF296182. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS1537 (T14, OF-). Impetigo isolate from Egypt obtained in 1999. sof PCR-negative.

emm122 (reference subtype emm122.0, formerly st1432 ). 664 bases. GenBank AF222860. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B3264, OF-. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001. None. Where we have found it. Egypt (impetigo isolates), Brazil (skin lesion), Nepalese children (skin lesion isolates), and Russia (reported by Dwight Johnson). CDC reference strain. SS1542(T3/13/B3264, OF-). Impetigo isolate provided by Dr. Swason El Tayeb. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm119 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm123 (reference subtype emm123.0, formerly st6949 ). 650 bases, GenBank AF213451. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Variable. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001 :2/3424. Where we have found it. Argentina, U.S., New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin). CDC reference strain. 6949-99 (T13, OF-). Joint isolate from Argentina. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional emm119 subtypes are in ftp database.

emm124 (reference subtype emm124.0, formerly st1160 ). 635 bases. GenBank accession AF149049, AF018178. Sequence is highly related to emm2. Occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 -2001: None. Where we have found it. Egypt, Malaysia, New Zealand (reported by Diana Martin). CDC reference strain. SS1536(T11/12 OF+, sof1160 ). Impetigo isolate from Egypt, sof gene(s). 5 ' partial sequence Identical to sof2967 (GenBank AF139749) and these isolates are anti-opacity factor type 2967 (Beall et al. 2000. Microbiology. 146: 1195-1209).

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Additional emm sequence types from group A streptococci not yet given the "emm" designation. Note that this is a partial listing of sequence type (st) designations). See ftp downloadable databases for complete listing.

st1rp31 (reference subtype st1rp31.0). Description. 569 bases. Accession number AF053467. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS1576(T6/23, OF-). Nasopharyngeal isolate from Lancefield collection. Provided by Dr. D. Bessen (Yale). sof gene(s). not examined.

st211 (reference subtype st211. 0). Description. 343 bases. GenBank AF296179. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Brazil CDC reference strain. SS1379 =11-96(T3/13, OF-) = CL1471. Received from L. Teixeira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Abscess isolate from a patient living in Brazil. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional st211 subtypes are in ftp database.

st213 (reference subtype st213. 0). Description. 321 bases. GenBank AF049855. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. None. Where we have found it. Brazil CDC reference strain. SS1408 = 213-96(TNT, OF+, sof213 ) = CL1473. Received from L. Teixeira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Isolated from an abscess culture of a patient living in Brazil. sof gene(s). The sof213 5' sequence is unique (705 bases, GenBank AF139743).

st245 (reference subtype st245. 0) Description. 464 bases. Not in GenBank. The emm sequence is quite similar to stc839 T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS1480 = 245-98(TNT, OF-). Received from M. Lovgren, Edmonton, Canada. Atypical group A strain in that it is bacitracin resistant and pyr negative, which is more typical of group C and G isolates. sof gene(s). not examined.

st369 (reference subtype st369.0). Description. 671 bases, Not in GenBank. Single throat isolate T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001:. None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. Pharyngitis isolate 369 from 8 year old living in Mexico. sof gene(s). Not examined.

st809 (reference subtype st809.0 ). Description. 350 bases. Genbank AF296180. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: to present update: None. Where we have found it. Brazil. CDC reference strain. SS1443 = 809-97 (TNT, OF-). Received from L. Teixeira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Blood culture isolate and throat isolate from a patient in Brazil. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

st854 (reference subtype st854. 0). Description. 549 bases, GenBank AF281048. Identical over its overlap with accession # AF018179 (225 bases). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. TB3264 or TNT. OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. (7/16/01):1/3424.. Where we have found it. Brazil, U.S., Nepal (throat isolate), and Egypt. CDC reference strain. SS1445 = 854-97(TB3264, OF-). Received from L. Teixeira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Oral isolate from a patient living in Brazil. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional st854 subtypes are in ftp database.

st1207 (reference subtype st1207.0 ). GenBank accession number AF049856. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 1/3424. Where we have found it. U.S. (Reference strain only) CDC reference strain. SS1457 = 1207-97(TB3264, OF+). Blood isolate identified in Minnesota. sof gene(s). sof1207 is unique (2645 bases, GenBank AF191035), but evidently confers the anti-opacity factor type 2967 (Beall et al. 2000. Microbiology. 146:1195-1209).

Additional st1207 subtypes are in ftp database.

st1389 (reference subtype st1389.0 ). Description. 459 bases. GenBank AF283810. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: 1/3424.. Where we have found it. U.S. (Reference strain only), Nepalese children (throat isolates). CDC reference strain. SS1485 = 1389-98(T3/5/27/44, OF+). Blood isolate from a patient living in San Francisco. sof gene(s). First 201 codons of sof1389 (1263 bases, GenBank AF296187) are identical to sof436, although the st1389 and st436 genes share little homology.

other alleles documented at CDC.

st1389.1: Reference strain is Nepalese child throat isolate 1707-01(T3/B3264, OF+, sof1389 )

st1731 (reference subtype st1731. 0). Description. Related to emm60. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. None. SS1683. Is throat isolate 1731-01(T12, OF+, unique sof173101 ) from Nepalese child.

Additional st1731 subtypes are in ftp database.

st1815 (reference subtype st1815. 0). Description. 713 bases. GenBank accession AF049854. 1. st1815 is very similar to enn gene sequences 2. sof1815 is nearly identical to sof75, and 3. emm75 isolates are also usually T type 25. These 3 observations suggested that emm sequence type st1815 was generated by homologous excision between the tandem emm and enn sequences in an emm75 parental strain T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T25, OF+. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001 to present update. (7/16/01):1/3424. Where we have found it. U.S. (Total of 3 sterile site isolates). CDC reference strain. SS1479 = 1815-97(T8/14/25, OF+, sof75 ). Identified from GAS culture submitted from the North Carolina State Health Department on 2/20/97. Blood culture isolate from a patient living in North Carolina.

st1967 (reference subtype st1967. 0). Description. 361 bases. Not submitted to GenBank. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Only in Reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS1369 = 1967-92(T28, OF-). Blood isolate from a child living in Ethiopia. Received. 8/25/92. sof gene(s). Not examined.

st1969 (reference subtype st1969. 0). Description. 391 bases. Not submitted to GenBank. Sequence is highly related to emm1. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: none. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS1404 = 1969-92(T4, OF-). Blood culture isolate from a child living in Ethiopia. sof gene(s). Not examined.

st2037 (reference subtype st2037. 0). Description. 484 bases. GenBank AF163683. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. None. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. None. CDC reference strain. SS1373 = 2037-92(T6, OF-). Blood culture isolate from a child living in Papua, New Guinea. sof gene(s). Not examined.

Additional st2037 subtypes are in ftp database.

st2147 (reference subtype st2147. 0). Description. 408 bases. Genbank AF192476. The predicted mature N terminal 50 residues are 88% identical to M59 and the reference strain serotypes as M59. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Skin lesion isolates from patient in Egypt and from Nepalese children (all T8/25/Imp19, OF+, sof2147 ). CDC reference strain. SS1541(T8/25/Imp19, OF+, sof2147 ). Impetigo isolate from patient in Egypt. Obtained in 1999 from Dr. Swason El Tayeb. sof gene(s). These isolates have a unique 5' sof sequence (GenBank AF178681, 588 bases).

st2460 (reference subtype st2460.0 ) Description. 701 bases. GenBank AF294741.Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. CDC reference strain. SS1376 = 2460-93(T9/14/B3264, OF+, sof2460 ). Blood isolate from a child living in Gambia. sof gene(s). Unique sof 5' sequence (1230 bases, GenBank AF294741).

Additional st2460 subtypes are in ftp database.

st2461 (reference subtype st2461.0 ). Description. 410 bases. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: to present update. None. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS1405 = 2461-93(TNT, OF-). Cerebral spinal fluid isolate from a child living in Gambia. sof gene(s). Appears to possibly have aberrant deletion derivative of sof gene.

st2904 (reference subtype st2904. 0). Description. 322 bases, GenBank AF192768. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B, OF+ Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Brazil and Canada (strain 720-00). CDC reference strain. SS1471 = 2904-97 (T3/13/B3264, OF+) = CL2177. Received from L. Teixeira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 5/16/97. T3/13/B, OF+. Throat culture isolate from a patient living in Brazil. sof gene(s). sof2904 5 ' sequence from SS1471 is unique (576 bases, GenBank AF139757). Another distinct 5 ' sof sequence was found from the T13, OF+ blood isolate 720-00 (627 bases, GenBank AF247670).

Additional st2904 subtypes are in ftp database.

st2911 (reference subtype st2911.0 ). Description. 457 bases. Not submitted to GenBank. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. 2911-97(T3/13/B3264, OF-) = CL2643. Received from L. Teixeira, Rio de Janerio, Brazil. Isolated from an abscess culture of a patient living in Brazil. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

st2917 Description. 493 bases, AF082864. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B3264, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Unknown clinical specimens from 3 different patients living in Brazil. CDC reference strain. SS1472 = 2917-97(T3/B3264, OF-) = CL3097. Received from L. Teixeira, Rio de Janerio, Brazil. T-type 3/B, OF-. sof gene(s). sof PCR negative. Additional st2917 subtypes are in ftp database.

st2926 (reference subtype st2926.0 ). Description. 557 bases. Two independent isolates (throat and skin) have the same frame shift predicted to result in a truncated mature M protein of only 34 amino acids. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T3/13/B3264, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001 None. Where we have found it. Brazil. CDC reference strain. SS1473 = 2926-97(T3/13/B3264) = CL3107. Received from L. Teixeira, Rio de Janeiro. T-type 3/13/B, OF-. Throat culture isolate from a patient living in Brazil. sof gene(s). Not examined.

st2940 (reference subtype st2940. 0). Description. 352 bases. Not submitted to Genbank. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. None. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. None. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS1469 = 2940-97(TNT, OF-) = A14. Received from X. Berrios, Santigo Chile. Throat culture isolate from a patient with tonsillitis living in Chile. sof gene(s). Not examined. Additional st2940 subtypes are in ftp database.

st3757 (reference subtype st3757.0 ). Description. 584 bases, Genbank AF083875. The sequence is highly similar to emm52 (93.8% identical over first 160 bases, 81.5% identical over first 54 amino acids). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T14, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. None. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. None. Where we have found it. Brazil patients (impetigo and throat isolates). CDC reference strain. SS1497 = 3898-98(T14, OF-). Skin isolate from patient living in Brazil. sof gene(s). not examined.

st3765 (reference subtype st3765.0 ). Description. 425 bases, GenBank AF074877. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. T6, OF-. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. None. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. None. Where we have found it. Brazil impetigo isolates. Skin isolate from impetigo patient living in Brazil CDC reference strain. SS1498(T6, OF-), sof gene(s). Not examined.

st3850 (reference subtype st3850.0 ). Description. This sequence is related to emm52 and emm120, however st3850 has a stop codon in the sequence encoding the signal peptide. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. (7/16/01): 1/3424. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. (8/12/00 - 7/16/01): 1/812. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. 3850-01 (T3/13/B3264, OF-). Blood isolate from patient in Connecticut. sof gene(s). Not examined.

st5282 (reference subtype st5282.0 ). Description. 635 bases. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. None. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. 5282-00 (T3/13/B3264, OF-), a blood isolate from patient in San Francisco. sof gene(s). Not checked.

Additional st5282 subtypes are in ftp database.

st6030 (reference subtype st6030. 0). Description. 639 bases, GenBank AF274702 T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. (7/16/01):2/3424. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. 8/12/00 through 7/16/00: 2/812. Where we have found it. Nepal (skin lesion isolate from child) and U.S. (2 blood isolates). CDC reference strain. Connecticut blood isolate 6030-00(TNT, OF-) sof gene(s). sof PCR negative.

Additional st6030 subtypes are in ftp database.

st6735 (reference subtype st6735. 0). Description. 639 bases, GenBank AF274702 T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. None. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. None. Where we have found it. Brazil. CDC reference strain. 6735-99 (T11/12, OF+, sof6735 ), a throat isolate from Brazil. sof gene(s). The 5 ' sof 600 bases from this strain are very similar to sof90 and this strain is anti-opacity factor type 90.

st7700 (reference subtype st7700. 0). Description. 634 bases, AF227155. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. (7/16/01):1/3424. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. 77-00 (T14, OF-, blood isolate from San Francisco ). sof gene(s). Not examined.

st11014 (reference subtype st11014. 0). Description. 722 bases Identical over entire 560 base GenBank accession AF089737 entry. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Only in reference strain. CDC reference strain. SS1557 = 6102-99 (T14/25, OF+) Taiwan isolate provided by C.S. Chiou and S.W.sof gene(s). Nearly identical to sof94 over first 300 plus codons (see emm94 ).

st980584 (from strain STHK, reference subtype st980584.0 ). Description. Shares strong similarity to sequence in accession AF091805 (however this sequence lacks region encoding leader peptide and predicted first 6 residues of st980584. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995 to present update. None. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates since last update. None. Where we have found it. Only in Reference strain CDC reference strain. SS1681(TNT, OF+), which is strain STHK supplied by Dwight Johnson from Dr. P. L. Ho. who isolated this strain in Hong Kong. sof gene(s). Not examined, but predicted to be sof positive by emm gene homologies (and more obviously by OF+ phenotype.

stCK249 (reference subtype stCK249.0 ). Description. 574 bases, GenBank AF183964. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. SS1569 = TNT, OF-. Skin sore isolate collected during community screening of remote Aboriginal community. This strain was provided by the Northern Territory Streptococcal Collection, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia (through Dr. Debra Bessen). sof gene(s). Not examined.

stCK401 (reference subtype stCK401. 0). Description. 498 bases, GenBank AF183963. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: to present update. None Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. SS1573 = T3/13/B3264, OF-. Throat isolate collected during community screening of remote Aboriginal community. This strain was provided by the Northern Territory Streptococcal Collection, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia (through Dr. Debra Bessen). sof gene(s). Not examined.

OF note the other 2 stCK401 subtypes (available in ftp database) have been found only in groups C or G S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis.

stD432 (reference subtype stD432.0 ). Description. 462 bases, GenBank AF053464. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. Strain SS1572(T14, OF-). Obtained in Egypt in 1971. speA -, speC +. Lancefield Collection. Provided by Dr. D. Bessen. sof gene(s). Not examined.

stD631 ( reference subtype stD631. 0). Description. 376 bases, GenBank AF053465. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: to present update. None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. SS1574(T14, OF-). Impetigo isolate from Trinidad patient in 1972. Lancefield collection. speA -, speC -. Provided by Dr. D. Bessen. sof gene(s). Not examined.

stD633 (reference subtype stD633. 0). Description. 391 bases, GenBank AF053466. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: to present update. None. CDC reference strain. Strain SS1575( speA +, speC -, TNT, OF-). Impetigo isolate from Trinidad patient in 1972. Lancefield collection. Provided by Dr. D. Bessen. sof gene(s). Not examined.

stIL103 (reference subtype stIL103.0 ). Description. Essentially is emm1 deleted of codons encoding mature M1 residues 7-24. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001:. None. CDC reference strain. Pharyngitis isolate IL-103, from child in Illinois. sof gene(s). Not checked. Additional stIL103 subtypes are in ftp database.

stIL62 (reference subtype stIL62.0 ). Description. Is a 14 codon deletion derivative of emm12 (deletion of mature M12 residues 9-22). T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. CDC reference strain. Pharyngitis isolate IL-62 from child in Illinois. sof gene(s) not checked.

stNS90 (reference subtype stNS90. 0). Description. GenBank entry AY039661. This sequence was originally obtained in 2000 by students of the 3rd year Molecular Microbiology Techniques practical unit 526-321 (coordinators M. Dyall-Smith and R. Strugnell), in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne. Perfect match to shorter 116 amino acid sequence reported in accession AJ319536 from a skin disease isolate in Auckland, New Zealand. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001:. None. CDC reference strain. Reference strain is NS90(T type 9, OF-)[CDC strain designation SS1676] from Northern Territory Streptococcal Collection, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia. NS90 was a blood isolate from a patient with a chest infection in a remote community in the Northern Territory, Australia. sof gene(s). Not checked. From emm gene homologies it is probable that this strain is sof negative. Additional stNS90 subtypes are in ftp database.

stNS292 (reference subtype stNS292. 0). Description. 474 bases, GenBank AF183966. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. CDC reference strain. SS1570(T13/B3264, OF+, sofns292 ) from Northern Territory Streptococcal Collection, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia and provided by Dr. Debra Bessen. This strain was isolated from a wound on the foot of a patient with recurrent skin infections, cellulitis, and lymphadenopathy. sof gene(s). 5' sof sequence is unique (1268 bases, GenBank AF296186).

stNS554 (reference subtype stNS554. 0). Description. 456 bases, GenBank accession AF183965. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: to present update. None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. 1568(TNT, OF-) was from the Northern Territory Streptococcal Collection, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia (provided by Dr. Debra Bessen). This strain was isolated from an infected sore. sof gene(s). not examined. Additional stNS554 subtypes are in ftp database.

stNS1033 (reference subtype stNS1033. 0). Description. GenBank entry AY039660. This sequence was originally obtained in 2000 by students of the 3rd year Molecular Microbiology Techniques practical unit 526-321 (coordinators M. Dyall-Smith and R. Strugnell), in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001 None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. Reference strain NS1033(T13/B3264/28, OF-)[CDC strain designation SS1680] was isolated from an infected sore in a remote community in the Northern Territory, Australia. This strain was provided by the Northern Territory Streptococcal Collection, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia. sof gene(s). Not checked. From emm gene homologies it is probable that this strain is sof negative

stS104 (reference subtype stS104.0 ). Description. 728 bases, closely matches GenBank accession AF089737. Differs only in signal sequence from enn4. sts104 could have resulted by recombination between the tandem emm and enn genes in an emm4 isolate, essentially resulting in an enn allele with an emm -like signal sequence encoding region. SS1578 did not survive the blood rotation test, which is a measure of M protein antiphagocytic activity. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Population based occurrence in sterile site United States isolates, 1995-2001: None. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. Strain SS1578 = 6098-99(T4, OF+) provided by Dr. Chien-Shun Chiou in Taiwan. sof gene(s). sof gene from SS1578 is identical over at least the first 1300 bases with isolate 2066-99, a T4, anti-opacity type 4, emm4 isolate containing a sof4 allele (see Beall et al.2000. Microbiology. 146:1195-1209). Additional stS104 subtypes are in ftp database.

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emm sequence types from non- Group A streptococcal isolates

(usually groups G and C, note that this is a partial listing of types and subtypes. The complete compilation of sequences are available from the ftp databases listed above).

stC36.0. Description. 570 bases. The stC36.0 sequence is nearly identical over its overlap with GenBank accession Z32677 (entire gene). Associated with group C isolates. Where we have found it. U.S., Argentina, and Brazil. CDC reference strain. 3411-98, a throat isolate (group C) from patient in Houston, Texas.sof gene(s). not examined

other subtypes documented at CDC.

stC36.1 695 bases from 3785-00 (group C throat isolate from Argentina ). Additional stC36 subtypes are in ftp database.

stC57.0. Description. 729 bases. Very similar to emm57 from our group A M57 reference strain. Has a few substitutions in mature peptide and altered export signal sequence compared to emm57.

Where we have found it. Human blood and throat isolates from patients in Argentina. CDC reference strain. Group C blood isolate 6980-99 from patient in Argentina. Received from Dr. Horation Lopardo in Buenos Aires, Argentina sof gene(s). not examined.

stC74a.0. Description. 723 bases. The sequence is nearly identical in its overlap with accession X60097 (entire gene). We have found this sequence in various hemolytic group C isolates and at least one group G isolate from sterile and nonsterile sites. SS188 (human isolate) received by the CDC from the Lancefield strain collection in 1948. sof gene(s). Not examined.

stC839.0. Description. 530 bases. Identical in overlap with GenBank accession U65595 (189 bases).We have also found this sequence in group G isolates. Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, and India. CDC reference strain. Type strain 813-97, a group C blood isolate from a patient in Brazil. sof gene(s). Not examined. Additional stC839 subtypes are in ftp database.

stC1400.0. Description. 475 bases, GenBank AF184890. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Where we have found it. U.S., Egypt, and Argentina.CDC reference strain. Group C isolate from wound aspirate (patient in California ). Type strain 1400-98.sof gene(s). not examined. Additional stC839 subtypes are in ftp database.

stC1741.0. Description. Unique emm sequence from a group C isolate.CDC reference strain. SS1684, which is throat isolate 1741-01 from Nepalese child.

stC3852.0. Description. 700 bases, not in GenBank. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. Where we have found it. Reference strain only. CDC reference strain. 3852-99.Group C beta-hemolytic wound isolate from 1999 Vermont patient.

stC5344.0. Description. T pattern and opacity factor phenotype. CDC reference strain. PHLS group C ref strain NCTC reference 11552 type 200 (= CDC 5344-98). Provided by Dr. A. Efstratiou. Additional stC5344 subtypes are in ftp database.

stC5345.0. Description. 97.5% identity over 406 nt overlap with GenBank accession # af104408 (reported as group A in this accession). U.S. CDC reference strain. PHLS group C ref strain NCTC reference 11553 type 201 (= CDC 5345-98). Provided by Dr. A. Efstratiou. sof gene(s). not examined.

other alleles documented at CDC.

stC5345.1. 690 bases from group G blood isolate 1028-00 from patient in Hawaii.

stC6979.0. Description. 477 bases, not in GenBank. Where we have found it. Argentina. CDC reference strain. 6979-99. Group C bone isolate from patient in Argentina.

stG6.0. Description. 503 bases, closely similar to GenBank accession U25741(430 bases). We have mainly found stg6 in group Gs and Cs, but have also found this emm sequence in a small number of atypical group A isolates (not S. pyogenes, latest example 6607-99 from Brazil ). Where we have found it. U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Mexico. CDC reference strain..806-97(group G, T25, OF-) from lesion of a patient from Brazil. Additional stG6 subtypes are in ftp database.

stG10.0. Description. 435 bases. Almost identical to GenBank accession # U25742 (424 bases). We have come across several group G isolates with this 5' emm sequence. Where we have found it. U.S., Argentina. CDC reference strain. Group G 216-96 which was a blood isolate from patient in Atlanta, Georgia.

stG11.0. Description. 510 bases. Not in GenBank. Have found this sequence in group G isolates from human patients. Where we have found it. U.S., Argentina. CDC reference strain. Beta-hemolytic group G isolate 4030-98.

stG97.0. Description. 598 bases, nearly identical to GenBank accession AF091804. Where we have found it. CDC reference strain group G isolate provided by Dr. Roberta Creti.

stG166b.0. Description. 474 bases. Almost identical in its overlap with accession x60098. Where we have found it. U.S., Egypt, and Argentina. CDC reference strain. 1139-99(TNT, OF+), a skin isolate from a patient living in Egypt.

stG480.0. Description. 652 base entry identical in its overlap with GenBank X79520 (207 bases).We have found this sequence in group G isolates causing wound infections and necrotizing fasciitis. Where we have found it. U.S., Argentina. CDC reference strain. Group G blood isolate 1891-99(T25, OF+) from patient in Illinois. We have encountered this sequence from several other isolates [eg. 1398-98(TNT, OF-), wound isolate from patient in California. Also found associated with 2 necrotizing cases in California (strains VASD1 and SCRP1, provided by Dr. Victor Nizet).

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Page last reviewed: April 2, 2014
Page last updated: April 2, 2014
Content source:
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases