Octopus bite

Background

• Blue-ringed octopus (genus Hapalochlaena) is commonly cited venomous octopus
  • Venom contains tetrodotoxin (Inhibits voltage-gated Na⁺ channels causing paralysis) and is potentially lethal
  • Becomes bright yellow with blue rings when provoked

Blue ringed octopus

Clinical Features

• Local erythema
• Paresthesias
• Flaccid paralysis
• Respiratory Failure

Differential Diagnosis

Marine toxins and envenomations

• Toxins
  • Scombroid
  • Ciguatera
  • Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
  • Paralytic shellfish poisoning
  • Tetrodotoxin (e.g. pufferfish)
• Stingers
  • Stingray injury
• Venomous fish (catfish, zebrafish, scorpion fish, stonefish)
  • Lionfish
  • Sea urchins
  • Cone shells
• Nematocysts
  • Jellyfish (Cnidaria)
    • Box jellyfish
  • Portuguese man-of-war
  • Coral reef
  • Fire Corals
  • Sea anemones
  • Sea wasps
• Bites
  • Octopus

Evaluation

• Clinical diagnosis

Management

• Supportive treatment only (no antivenom exists)

See Also

• Marine toxins and envenomations

References

Authors

Michael Holtz, Daniel Ostermayer, Ross Donaldson, Colin Hoff, Neil Young, Joe Carpenter