Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta

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Reboa.jpg

Overview

  • Abbreviation: REBOA
  • Hemorrhage is a leading cause of trauma-related mortality[1]
  • REBOA has been proposed as a less invasive alternative to resuscitative thoracotomy
  • Research is ongoing, but has yet to demonstrate a mortality benefit[2]

REBOA Zones

  • Zone 1: From left subclavian artery to the celiac trunk
  • Zone 2: From the celiac trunk to the lowest renal artery
    • Zone 2 is an unused zone because if of difficulty in occluding the bleeding vessel at this aortic location
  • Zone 3: From lowest renal artery to the aortic bifurcation

Indications

  • Non-compressible hemorrhage below the diaphragm in the abdomen, pelvis or retroperitoneum [3]
  • Postive FAST
  • Pelvic frature with negative FAST
  • Traumatic cardiac arrest without aortic dissection or pericardial tamponade
  • Suspected traumatic abdominal hemorrhage (Zone I REBOA)
  • Blunt pelvic injury or groin junctional hemorrhage (Zone III REBOA)

Contraindications

Equipment Needed

  • Ultrasound
  • REBOA Kit

Procedure

  1. Immediately perform a FAST exam to assess for pericardial tamponade (contraindication)
  2. Access the common femoral artery under ultarsound guid and place a standard 18G arterial line
  3. Pass a 260cm guidewire through that arterial line up to the level of the left subclavian
  4. Obtain a chest Xray if feasible to confirm the position of the guidewire
  5. Estimate length of catheter insertion based on desired location and external landmarks
    • Zone 1: Xiphoid process for Zone 1 (aprox 50cm)
    • Zone 3: umbilicus for Zone 3 (approx 40cm)
  6. Place the REBOA 12 French arterial line introducer sheath
  7. Advance the catheter over the wire through the sheath, then inflate the balloon with saline in the desired zone
    • Resistance will be felt as the balloon inflates against the wall of the aorta and blood pressure will increase substantially if successful

Complications

  • Not accessing the common femoral artery or accessing it blindly

See Also

External Links

References

  1. ↑ Tieu BH et al. Coagulopathy: Its pathophysiology and treatment in the injured patient. World J Surg. 2007;31:1055–64
  2. ↑ Morrison JJ, Galgon RE, Jansen JO, et al. A systematic review of the use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in the management of hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016 Feb;80(2):324-34.
  3. ↑ Qasim, Zaffer, et al. “Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta.” Resuscitation 96 (2015): 275-279.
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