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Timolol
From WikEM
Contents
Administration
- Type: Beta blocker
- Dosage Forms:
- Routes of Administration: topical (ophthalmic), oral
- Common Trade Names:
Adult Dosing
- 0.25% to 0.5%: 1 drop in affected eye 1-2 times daily
- 10-30mg PO BID (for systemic beta-blocker effects)
Pediatric Dosing
- 0.25% to 0.5%: 1 drop in affected eye daily
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation risk: Infant risk is minimal
- Renal dosing:
- Hepatic dosing:
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Oral drug contraindicated in:
- 2nd or 3rd degree AV block, bradycardia
- Heart failure, cardiogenic shock
- Active asthma, severe COPD
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Dysrhythmia, myocardial infarction
- Bronchospasm
Common
- Bradyarrythmia, hypotension, heart failure, angina
- Rash, pruritus
- Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
- Muscle cramps
- Dizziness, headache, confusion, fatigue
- Blurred vision, burning sensation in eye, dry eyes
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 4h (oral)
- Metabolism: hepatic, via CYP2D6
- Excretion: mostly renal
Mechanism of Action
- Nonselective beta-1 and beta-2 antagonist
- Decreases intraocular pressure by increasing outflow and decreasing formation of aqueous humor
