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Cinturones de seguridad

¿Cuál es la magnitud del problema de las lesiones y muertes de conductores y pasajeros relacionadas con choques vehiculares?

Woman fastening seatbelt

Los choques vehiculares son una de las principales causas de muerte de personas de entre 1 y 54 años de edad en los Estados Unidos. La mayoría de las muertes relacionadas con estos choques en los Estados Unidos son de ocupantes de vehículos de pasajeros.1

Para los adultos y los niños de mayor edad (que son lo suficientemente grandes para que el cinturón de seguridad se ajuste de forma adecuada), el uso del cinturón de seguridad es una de las maneras más eficaz de salvar vidas y disminuir las lesiones en los choques vehiculares.3 Aun así, hay millones de personas que no usan el cinturón de seguridad en todos sus viajes.4

Mortalidad
  • Un total de 22 441 ocupantes de vehículos de pasajeros murieron en choques vehiculares de tránsito en el 2015.2
  • Más de la mitad (entre el 52 y el 59 %) de los adolescentes de entre 13 y 19 años y los adultos de entre 20 y 44 años que murieron en choques en el 2014, no tenían el cinturón de seguridad ajustado en el momento del choque.2
Lesiones
  • Más de 2.5 millones de conductores y pasajeros fueron tratados en salas de emergencias después de que resultaron lesionados en choques vehiculares en el 2014.1
  • Los conductores y pasajeros que son adultos jóvenes (de 18 a 24 años de edad) tienen las tasas más altas —entre todos los adultos— de lesiones no mortales relacionadas con choques vehiculares.5
Costos
  • Las lesiones no mortales que sufrieron conductores y pasajeros en choques vehiculares derivaron, en el 2010, en un costo de más de 48 mil millones de dólares en gastos médicos y pérdida de trabajo en toda la vida.6

Referencias

  1. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic Safety Facts: 2014 Data – Occupant Protection. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2016. Publication no. DOT-HS-812-262. Available at https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812262 . Accessed June 30, 2016.
  2. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Lives saved in 2014 by restraint use and minimum-drinking-age laws. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2015. Publication no. DOT-HS-812-218. Available at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/812218.pdf. Accessed June 30, 2016.
  3. Shults RA, Beck LF. Self-reported seat belt use, United States, 2002-2010: Does prevalence vary by state and type of seat belt law? J Safety Res 2012;43:417-20.
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System). Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2015. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars. Accessed June 30, 2016.
  5. Beck LF, West BA. Vital Signs: nonfatal motor vehicle-occupant injuries (2009) and seat belt use (2008) among adults—United States. MMWR 2011;59(51):1681-6.
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System): Cost of Injury Reports. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2014. Available at https://wisqars.cdc.gov:8443/costT/. Accessed June 30, 2016.
  7. Strine TW, Beck L, Bolen J, et al. Potential moderating role of seat belt law on the relationship between seat belt use and adverse health behavior. Am J Health Behav 2012;36:44-55.
  8. Strine TW, Beck LF, Bolen J, et al. Geographic and sociodemographic variation in self-reported seat belt use in the United States. Accid Anal Prev 2010;42:1066-71.
  9. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic Safety Facts: Seat Belt Use in 2015 – Overall Results. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2016. Publication no. DOT-HS-812-243. Available at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/812243.pdf. Accessed February 17, 2016.
  10. Bhat G, Beck L, Bergen G, Kresnow M. Predictors of rear seat belt use among US adults, 2012. Journal of Safety Research 2015;53:103-106.
  11. Bose D, Arregui-Dalmases C, Sanchez-Molina D, et al. Increased risk of driver fatality due to unrestrained rear-seat passengers in severe frontal crashes. Accid Anal Prev 2013;53:100-4.
  12. Kahane CJ. Fatality reduction by safety belts for front-seat occupants of cars and light trucks: updated and expanded estimates based on 1986-99 FARS data. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2000. Publication no. DOT-HS-809-199. Available at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/809199.PDF. Accessed February 17, 2016.
  13. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Third report to Congress: effectiveness of occupant protection systems and their use. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 1996. Available at http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/airbags/208con2e.html. Accessed September 8, 2014.
  14. Dinh-Zarr TB, Sleet DA, Shults RA, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase the use of safety belts. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4S): 48-65.
  15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention Status Reports: National Summary. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/psr/national-summary/mvi.html . Accessed June 30, 2016.
  16. Goodwin A, Thomas L, Kirley B, et al. Countermeasures that work: A highway safety countermeasure guide for State highway safety offices, Eighth edition. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2015. Publication no. DOT HS 812 202.

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CDC Vital Signs: Motor Vehicle Crash Deaths. In 2013, the US crash death rate was more than twice the average of other high-income countries. www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/motor-vehicle-safety

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