National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)

Dengue: Globally, dengue is most common arboviral disease, with 40% of the world’s population living in areas with dengue virus transmission. Of the estimated 390 million infections and 100 million cases annually, a small proportion of these cases progress to severe dengue. Roughly 1 in 2,000 dengue cases result in death. However, the case-fatality rate of patients with severe dengue can be reduced from ~10% to <0.1% by the timing and quality of clinical care that patients receive.

CDC offers an online case management course to aid physicians in identifying dengue patients when they first seek care. This free clinical course features information to enable healthcare professionals to recognize dengue cases early in their clinical course, assess patients appropriately, and provide prompt, supportive care.

Lyme and other tick-borne diseases: Tick-borne diseases, including Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever are serious public health problems, infecting tens of thousands in the U.S. each year. CDC is working closely with local communities, developing innovative control approaches and researching improved diagnostics.

West Nile and other mosquito-borne viruses: West Nile virus (WNV) is the most important of several mosquito transmitted viruses (arboviruses) now native to the U.S. A major part of CDC’s ongoing work is disease tracking, laboratory studies, education, and technical assistance and response. CDC also deals with the increasing problem of travel-associated infections and the threat of exotic arbovirus importation.

WNV is a seasonal epidemic in North America, flaring up during the summer until the first frost. CDC developed and leads ArboNET, the national surveillance system that monitors mosquito-borne infections in humans, mosquitoes, birds, and other animals. This information allows CDC and its partners in local and state health departments, other government agencies, and private industry to prepare for and quickly respond to epidemics. Early detection and intervention is critical for making decisions about the need for insecticide spraying and other community intervention measures that protect people’s health.

Innovation: CDC scientists develop, test, and deploy innovative disease prevention techniques and work to improve diagnostic testing for vector-borne diseases. Some examples include:

• Discovery of a novel, highly efficacious botanical pesticide for controlling Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases; one of the few novel pesticides discovered in the last fifty years.
• Development of candidate vaccines against dengue and West Nile viruses
• Development of a robust, accurate ‘dipstick’ for diagnosing plague at bedside in Africa.
• Implementation of an innovative, multifaceted community-based strategy to prevent deaths from Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a frequently deadly, tick-transmitted bacterium, in Arizona.

Responding to new and old threats: DVBD scientists have helped to discover several novel tick-borne diseases in the U.S.  In 2012, a new, sometimes fatal tick-borne disease, Heartland virus, was discovered in Missouri. Recent studies indicate that Lone Star ticks transmit the virus over a large part of the middle of the country, including Missouri, Oklahoma, Georgia and Tennessee. They also helped identify for the first time in the U.S. a new bacteria, Borrelia miyamotoi, which is related to Lyme, disease in Minnesota.