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Health Outcomes | Diabetes Evaluation Measures

Health outcomes measures for type 2 diabetes prevention and control1-4

The effectiveness of type 2 diabetes prevention and control programs depends on the intensity of program effort and the use of multiple interventions. A rule of thumb is that the more programs implemented together as a package or campaign, the more successful the interventions will be.

Baseline

  • Determine levels of employee blood glucose screening and self-reported diabetes from employee health survey or health risk appraisal. Examples include: 
    • What percentage of employees have been screened
    • Measures of the percent of employees who currently achieve diabetes screening guidelines by employee health survey
  • Determine baseline percentage of employees with obesity, which increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
  • Determine levels of diabetes diagnostic and treatment procedures from health care and pharmaceutical claims data
  • Determine employee knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about type 2 diabetes prevention and control 
    • Evaluate employees’ current knowledge of the health benefits of type 2 diabetes screening
    • Measure employees knowledge of current type 2 diabetes screening guidelines
    • Evaluate employees’ current knowledge of the risks for type 2 diabetes as well as behaviors such as increasing physical activity or weight management that may reduce diabetes risk
    • Assess employee awareness of existing workplace type 2 diabetes prevention and control programs, policies and benefits

Process

  • Periodic repeats of baseline measures

Outcome

  • Assess changes in rates of employee blood glucose screening or self-reported diabetes such as:
    • Increases in the number of employees screened
    • Changes in the percentage of employees reaching diabetes screening guidelines
  • Assess changes in the percentage of employees with obesity
  • Assess changes in levels of diabetes diagnostic and treatment procedures from health care and pharmaceutical claims data
  • Assess changes in employee knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about type 2 diabetes prevention and control
    • Evaluate changes in employee knowledge of current type 2 diabetes screening health benefits and guidelines
    • Measure changes in employee knowledge of type 2 diabetes risks as well as behaviors such as increasing physical activity or weight management that may reduce diabetes risk
    • Assess changes in employee awareness of existing workplace type 2 diabetes prevention and control programs, policies, and benefits

References

1.  Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006.

2.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.

3.  Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).

4.  Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.

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