(ACGIH) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 2005. TLVs and BEIs. Cincinnati, OH: Signature Publications.

(ATSDR) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological profile for arsenic. Draft for Public Comment. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services. Available at URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp.asp?id=22&tid=3 Last accessed 1.14.08

Aposhian, HV. Biochemical toxicology of arsenic. 1989. Rev Biochem Toxicol. 10:265-299.

Aposhian HV, Zakharyan RA, Avram MD, et. al., 2004. A review of the enzymology of arsenic metabolism and a new potential role of hydrogen peroxide in the detoxication of the trivalent arsenic species. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 198:327-335.

Armstrong CW, Stroube RB, Rubio T, et. al., 1984. Outbreak of fatal arsenic poisoning caused by contaminated drinking water. Arch Environ Health 39:276 9.

Beckett WS, Moore JL, Keogh JP et. al., 1986. Acute encephalopathy due to occupational exposure to arsenic. Br J Indust Med 43:66-67.

Bleecker M. Toxic Peripheral Neuropathy. 2007. In: Rom W and Markowitz S eds. Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 643.

Bertolero F, Pozzi G, Sabbioni E, et al. 1987. Cellular uptake and metabolic reduction of pentavalent to trivalent arsenic as determinants of cytotoxicity and morphological transformations. Carcinogenesis 8:803-808.

Buchet JP, Lauwerys R, Roels H. 1981. Comparison of the urinary excretion of arsenic metabolites after a single dose of sodium arsenite, monomethylarsonate or dimethylarsinate in man. In Arch Occup Environ Health. 48:71-179.

Caldwell KL, Jones RL, Verdon, CP, et. al., 2008. Levels of urinary total and speciated arsenic in the US population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 1-10.

Carbrey JM, Gorelick-Feldman DA, Kozono D, et al. Aquaglyceroporin AQP9: solute permeation and metabolic control of expression in liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100:2945-2950.

Centeno JA, Mullick FG, Martinez L, et. al., 2002. Pathology related to chronic arsenic exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 110:883-886.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Biomonitoring Results since the Third Report. http://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/biomonitoring_summaries.html Website last reviewed March 2009, Last accessed April 2009

Chakraborti D, Mukherjee SC, Saha KC, et. al. 2003a. Arsenic toxicity from homeopathic treatment. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 41(7): 963-967.

Chakraborti D, Hussam A, Alauddin M. 2003b. Arsenic: Environmental health aspects with special reference to ground water in South Asia. J Environ Sci Health Part A 38(1):xi-xv.

Chan TYK. 1994. The prevalence, use and harmful potential of some Chinese herbal medicines in babies and children. Vet Hum Toxicol. 36(3): 238-240.

Chang CC, Ho SC, Tsai SS, et. al., 2004. Ischemic heart disease mortality reduction in an arsenosis-endemic area in southwestern Taiwan after a switch in the tap-water supply system. J Toxicol Environ Health. 67:1353-1361.

Chen CJ, Chuang YC, You SL, et. al., 1986. A retrospective study on malignant neoplasms of bladder, lung, and liver in Blackfoot disease endemic area in Taiwan. Br J Cancer 53:399 405.

Chen CJ, Hsueh YM, Lai MS, et. al., 1995. Increased prevalence of hypertension and long-term arsenic exposure. Hypertension. 25:53-60.

Chiou HY, Hsueh YM, Liaw KF, et. al., 1995. Incidence of internal cancers and ingested inorganic arsenic: a seven-year follow-up study in Taiwan. Cancer Res. 55:1296-1300.

Chung JS, Kalman DA, Moore LE, Kosnett, MJ, Arroyo AP, Beeris M, Mazumder DNG, et al. 2002. Family Correlations of Arsenic Methylation Patterns in Children and Parents Exposed to High Concentrations of Arsenic in Drinking Water. Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol 110, number 7, 729-733.

Cohen D and Moore M. Occupational Skin Disease. 2007. In: Rom W and Markowitz S eds. Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 635.

Concha G, Vogler G, Nermell B, et. al., 2002. Intra-individual variation in the metabolism of inorganic arsenic. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 75:576-580.

Datta DV. 1976. Arsenic and non cirrhotic portal hypertension. Lancet 1:433.

Donofrio PD, Wilbourne AJ, Albers JW, et. al., 1987. Acute arsenic intoxication presenting as Guillain Barré like syndrome. Muscle Nerve; 10:114 120.

Dopp E, Hartmann LM, Florea AM, et al. 2004. Uptake of inorganic and organic derivatives of arsenic associated with induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 201(2):156-165.

Drobna Z, Waters SB, Walton FS, et. al., 2004. Interindividual variation in the metabolism of arsenic in cultured primary human hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 201:166-177.

Elmariah SB, Anolik R, Walters RF, Rosenman K, Pomeranz MK, Sanchez MR, 2008. Invasive squamous-cell carcinoma and arsenical keratoses. Dermatol Online J. 14(10):24.

Engel RR, Hopenhayn-Rich C, Receveur O, et al., 1994. Vascular effects of chronic arsenic exposure: a review. Epidemiol Rev. 16:184-209.

Enterline PE, Henderson VL, Marsh GM. 1987. Exposure to arsenic and respiratory cancer: a reanalysis. Am J Epidemiol 125:929 38.

Environmental Protection Agency Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse. Military Munitions/ Unexploded Ordnance. Last updated November 10, 2008. http://www.epa.gov/fedfac Last Accessed April 2009.

Environmental Protection Agency Arsenic Compounds Hazard Summary. Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Website Last updated on Tuesday, November 6th, 2007. http://www3.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/arsenic.html Last Accessed March 2009.

Environmental Protection Agency. Arsenic in Drinking Water Website. Last updated on Thursday, September 14th, 2006 URL: http://espanol.epa.gov/ Last Accessed March 2009.

Environmental Protection Agency Recommendations for management of lumber treated with arsenic-containing pesticides used in homes. "Questions & Answers on CCA-Treated Wood Sealant Studies (Interim Results)" Available at URL: http://espanol.epa.gov/ . Last accessed 9/20/07.

Falk H, Caldwell GG, Ishak KG, et. al., 1981. Arsenic related hepatic angiosarcoma. Am J Ind Med 2:43 50.

Foa V, Colombi A, Maroni M. 1984. The speciation of the chemical forms of arsenic in the biological monitoring of exposure to inorganic arsenic. Sci Total Environ. 34:241-259.

Garb LG, Hine CH. 1977. Arsenical neuropathy: residual effects following acute industrial exposure. J Occup Med. 19567-568.

Garcia-Vargas GG, Cebrian ME. 1996. Health effects of arsenic. In: Wang LW, ed. Toxicology of metals. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 423-438.

Garvey GJ, Hahn G, Lee RV, et. al., 2001. Heavy metal hazards of Asian traditional remedies. Int J Environ Health Res 11(1):63-71.

Gerr F, Letz R. 2000. Epidemiological case definitions of peripheral neuropathy: experience from two neurotoxicity studies. Neurotoxicity. 21:761-768.

Giberson A, Vaziri ND, Mirahadi K, et. al., 1976. Haemodialysis of acute arsenic intoxication with transient renal failure. Arch Intern Med. 136:1303-1304.

Gorby MS. Arsenic poisoning. West J Med 1988;149:308-315.

Guha Mazumder DN. 2003. Chronic arsenic toxicity: clinical features, epidemiology, and treatment: experience in West Bengal. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazards Subst Environ Eng. A38:141-163.

Hafeman DM, Ahsan H, Louis ED, et al., 2005. Association between arsenic exposure and a measure of subclinical sensory neuropathy in Bangladesh. Occup Environ Med. 47:778-784.

Hertz-Picciotto I, Arrighi HM, Hu SW. 2000. Does arsenic exposure increase the risk for circulatory disease? Am J Epidemiol. 151:174-181.

Hopenhayn-Rich C, Biggs ML, Smith AH. 1998. Lung and kidney cancer mortality association with arsenic in drinking water in Cordoba Argentina. Int Epidemiol Assoc. 27:561-569.

Hsueh YM, Cheng GS, Wu MM, et. al., 1995. Multiple risk factors associated with arsenic-induced skin cancer: effects of chronic liver disease and malnutritional status. Br J Cancer. 71:109-114.

Hu J, Fang J, Dong Y, et. al., 2005. Arsenic in cancer therapy. Anti-Cancer Drugs. 16:119-127.

(IARC) International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2004.IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. Some Drinking Water Disinfectant and Contaminants, Including Arsenic. Vol. 84. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Ishinishi N, Tsuchiya K, Vahter M, Fowler BA. 1986. Arsenic. In: Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Vouk V, eds. Handbook on the toxicology of metals. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

Kales, SN; Huyck, KL; Goldman, RH. Elevated urine arsenic: un-speciated results lead to unnecessary concern and further evaluations. J Anal Toxicol. 2006;30(2):80-85.

Kaltreider RC, Davis AM, Lariviere JP, et. al., 2001. Arsenic alters the function of the glucocorticoid receptor as a transcription factor. Environ Health Perspect. 109:245-251.

Kerr HD, Saryan LA. 1986. Arsenic content of homeopathic medicines. Clin Toxicol 24(5): 451-459.

Kitchin, Kirk T 2001. Recent Advances in Arsenic Carcinogenesis: Modes of Action, Animal Model Systems, and Methylated Arsenic Metabolites. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 172, 249-261.

Kyle RA, Pease GL. 1965. Hematologic aspects of arsenic intoxication. N Engl J Med 273:18 23.

Lansdown AB. 1995. Physiological and toxicological changes in the skin resulting from the action and interaction of metal ions. Crit Rev Toxicol. 25:397-462.

Lasngerkvist BJ, Zetterlund B. 1994. Assessment of exposure to arsenic among smelter workers: a five year follow up. Am J Ind Med 25:377 88.

Lauwerys R, Hoet P. 1993. Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. Second Edition. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Loffredo CA, Aposhian HV, Cebrian ME, et al., 2003. Variability in human metabolism of arsenic. Environ Res. 92:85-91.

Lopez S, Miyashita Y, Simons SS. 1990. Structurally based, selective interaction of arsenic with steroid receptors. J Biol Chem. 265:16039-16042.

Lugo G, Cassady G, Palmisano P. 1969. Acute maternal arsenic intoxication with neonatal death. Am J Dis Child 117:328-330.

Marafante E, Vahter M, Norin H, et al. Biotransformation of dimethylarsinic acid in mouse, hamster and man. J Appl Toxicol 1987;7:111-117

Mazumder DG, De BK, Santra A, et. al., 2001. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate (DMPS) in therapy of chronic arsenicosis due to drinking arsenic-contaminated water. Clin Toxicol. 39:665-674.

Meharg, A. 2003. The arsenic green. Nature. 423:688.

Miller WH Jr, Schipper HM, Lee JS, et. al., 2002. Mechanisms of action of arsenic trioxide. Cancer Res. 62:3893-3903.

Mitra SR, Guha Mazumder DN, Basu A, et al., 2004. Nutritional factors and susceptibility to arsenic-caused skin lesions in West Bengal, India. Environ Health Perspect. 112:1104-1109.

Murphy MJ, Lyon LW, Taylor JW. 1981. Subacute arsenic neuropathy: clinical and electrophysiological observations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 44:896 900.

Murunga E and Zawada E. 2007. Environmental and Occupational Causes of Toxic Injury to the Kidneys and Urinary Tract. In: Rom W and Markowitz S eds. Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 810.

National Academy of Sciences. 1977. Medical and biologic effects of environmental pollutants, arsenic. Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, 1977.

(NIOSH) National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. 2005. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Arsenic. NIOSH Publication No. 2005-149.

(NRC) National Research Council. 2000. Arsenic in Drinking Water. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Nordstrom S, Beckman L, Nordenson I. 1979 Occupational and environmental risks in and around a smelter in northern Sweden. V. Spontaneous abortion among female employees and decreased birth weight in their offspring. VI. Congenital malformations. Hereditas 90:291-302.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Chemical Sampling information. Arsenic, inorganic. Last revised August 2001. https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/arsenic/index.html . Last accessed April 2009.

Pi J, Yamauchi H, Sun G, et. al., 2005. Vascular dysfunction in patients with chronic arsenosis can be reversed by reduction of arsenic exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 113:339-341.

Popper H, Thomas LB, Telles NC, et. al., 1978. Development of hepatic angiosarcoma in man induced by vinyl chloride, Thorotrast and arsenic. Am J Pathol. 92:349-376.

Ratnaike RN. 2003. Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity. Postgraduate Medical Journal 79:391-396.

Reynolds ES. 1901. An account of the epidemic outbreak of arsenical poisoning occurring in beer drinkers in the north of England and midland countries in 1900. Lancet. 1:166-170.

Rose M, Lewis J, Langford N, Baxter M, Origgi S, Barber M, et al. July 2007. Arsenic in seaweed- Forms, concentration and dietary exposure. Food and Chemical Toxicology. Volume 45, Issue 7: 1263-1267.

Rosenman K. 2007. Occupational Heart Disease. In : Rom W and Markowitz S eds. Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 688.

Rossman T. 2007. Arsenic. In : Rom W and Markowitz S eds. Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp1006-1017.

Schoen A, Beck B, Sharma R, et. al., 2004. Arsenic toxicity at low doses: epidemiological and mode of action considerations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 198:253-267.

Selzer PM, Ancel MA. 1983. Chronic arsenic poisoning masquerading as pernicious anemia. West J Med. Aug;139(2):219-220.

Sexton GB, Gowdey CW. 1963. Relation between thiamine and arsenic toxicity. Arch Dermatol Syph. 56:634-647.

Shacklette, H.T., and Boerngen, J.G., 1984. Element concentrations in soils and other surficial materials of the conterminous United States: Servicio Geologico de EE. UU. Professional Paper 1270, p6.

Shalat SL, Walker DB, Finnell RH. 1996. Role of arsenic as a reproductive toxin with particular attention to neural tube defects. J Toxicol Env Hlth 48(3):253 72.

Simeonova PP, Luster MI. 2004. Arsenic and atherosclerosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 198:444-449.

Son SB, Song HJ, Son SW. 2008 March. Successful treatment of palmoplantar arsenical keratosis with a combination of keratolytics and low dose acitretin. Clin Exp Dermatol: 33(2): 202-4.

Spallholz JE, Boylan LM, Rhaman MM. 2004. Environmental hypothesis: is poor dietary selenium intake an underlying factor for arsenicosis and cancer in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India? Sci Total Environ.323:21-32.

Steinmaus C, Carrigan K, Kalman D, et. al., 2005. Dietary intake and arsenic methylation in a U.S. population. Environ Health Perspect. 113:1153-1159.

Styblo M, Drobna Z, Jaspers I, et. al., 2002. The role of biomethylation in toxicity and carcinogenicity of arsenic: a research update. Environ Health Perspect. 110:767-771.

Tseng WP, Chu HM, How SW, et. al., 1968. Prevalence of skin cancer in an endemic area of chronic arsenicism in Taiwan. J Natl Cancer Inst. 40:453-463.

Tseng W-P. 1977. Effects and dose-response relationships of skin cancer and blackfoot disease with arsenic. Environ Health Perspect 19:109-119.

Tseng CH, Huang YK, Huang YL, Chung CJ, Yang MH, Chen CJ, et al. Arsenic exposure , urinary arsenic speciation, and peripheral vascular disease in blackfoot disease-hyperendemic villages in Taiwan [published erratum appears in Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 211 (2):175] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005:206(3):299-308.

Tseng CH, Tseng CP, Chiou HY, et. al., 2002. Epidemiologic evidence of diabetogenic effect of arsenic. Toxicol Lett. 133:69-76.

Tseng CH. 2003. Abnormal current perception thresholds measured by neurometer among residents in blackfoot disease-hyperendemic villages in Taiwan. Toxicol Lett. 146:27-36.

Uede K, Furukawa F. 2003. Skin manifestations in acute arsenic poisoning from the Wakayama curry-poisoning incident. British Journal of Dermatology 149 (4):757-762.

(USGS) United States Geological Survey. 2005. Arsenic in ground water in the United Sates. Available at   http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/trace/pubs/geo_v46n11/index.html . accessed April 1, 2005.

Vahter M. Mechanisms of arsenic biotransformation. Toxicology. 2002;181:211-217.

Vahter M, Marafante E, Dencker L. 1983. Metabolism of arsenobetaine in mice, rats and rabbits. Sci Total Environ. 30:197-211.

Valentine JL, Kang HK, Spivey G. 1979. Arsenic levels in human blood, urine, and hair in response to exposure via drinking water. Environ Res 20:24 32.

Valenzuela OL, Borja-Aburto VH, Garcia-Vargas GG, Cruz-Gonzalez MBB, Garcia-Montalvo EA, Calderon-Aranda ES, et al. Urinary trivalent methylated arsenic species in a population chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic. Environ Health Perspect 2005:113(3):250-254.

Vantroyen B, Heilier JF, Meulemans A, et al. 2004. Survival after a lethal dose of arsenic trioxide. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 42(6): 889-895.

Verret WJ, Chen Y, Ahmed A; Islam T, Parvez F, Kibriya MG, et al. Oct 2005. A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effects of vitamin E and selenium on arsenic-induced skin lesions in Bangladesh. J Occup Environ Med: 47(10): 1026-35.

Wang Z, Dey S, Rosen BP, Rossman TG. 1996. Efflux mediated resistance to arsenicals in arsenic-resistant and hypersensitive Chinese hamster cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 137:112-119.

Welch, K., Higgins, I., Oh, M. and Burchfiel, C., 1982. Arsenic exposure, smoking and respiratory cancer in copper smelter workers. Arch Environ Health 37, pp. 325-335.

World Health Organization (WHO). Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds, 2nd edn. Environmental Health Criteria 224. Geneva 2001. Available at http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc224.htm assessed April 2 2008.

Winski SL, Carter DE. 1995. Interactions of rat red blood cell sulfhydryls with arsenate and arsenite. J Toxicol Environ Health. 46:379-397.

Yeh S, How SW, Lin CS. 1968. Arsenical cancer of skin histologic study with special reference to Bowen's disease. Cancer 21(2):312 39.

Yip L and Dart R. Arsenic. 2001. In: Sullivan J and Kreiger G, eds. Clinical Environmental Health and Toxic Exposures, Second Edition. Phildelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Pp 858-865.

Yoshida T, Yamauchi H, Sun GF. 2004. Chronic health effects in people exposed to arsenic via the drinking water: dose-response relationships in review. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 198:243-252.

Yu HS, Liao WT, Chai CY. Arsenic carcinogenesis in the skin. J Biomed Sci. Sep 2006;13(5):657-66.

Zaldivar R, Prunes L, Ghai GL. 1981. Arsenic dose in patients with cutaneous carcinomata and hepatic haemangio-endothelioma after environmental and occupational exposure. Arch Toxicol. 47:145-154.

Zeng H, Uthus EO, Combs GF Jr. 2005. Mechanistic aspects of the interaction between selenium and arsenic. J Inorg Biochem. 99:1269-1274.