References and Resources

References

Links to non-Federal organizations are provided solely as a service to our users. Such links do not constitute an endorsement of these organization by CDC or the Federal Government, and none should be inferred. The CDC is not responsible for the content of the individual organization Web pages found at these links.

Barlow SE, Dietz WH. Obesity evaluation and treatment: expert committee recommendations. J Pediatr. 1998;102(3):e29.

Barlow SE. Expert Committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report. Pediatrics. 2007;120(suppl 4):S164–S192.

Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Boa W, et al. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1650–1656.

CDC. Epi Info™ 7 Web site. http://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo. Accessed March 26, 2013.

CDC. Epi Info™ User Guide Web site. Nutritional Anthropometry. Introduction. http://wwwn.cdc.gov/epiinfo/user-guide/Nutritional-Anthropometry/introduction.html. Accessed March 26, 2013.

CDC. Epi Info™ User Guide Web site. Nutritional Anthropometry. Using the Nutrition Project. http://wwwn.cdc.gov/epiinfo/user-guide/Nutritional-Anthropometry/Using-the-nutrition-project.html. Accessed March 26, 2013.

Daniels SR, Khoury PR, Morrison JA. The utility of body mass index as a measure of body fatness in children and adolescents: differences by race and gender. Pediatrics. 1997;99(6):804–807.

Deshmukh-Taskar P, Nicklas TA, Morales M, Yang S-J. Zakeri I, Berenson GA. Tracking of overweight status from childhood to young adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60:48–57.

Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2005;293(15):1861–1867.

Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, Graubard BI. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories. JAMA. 2013;309(1):71–82.

Freedman DS, Ogden CL, Berenson GS, Horlick M. Body mass index and body fatness in childhood. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005;8(6):618-623.

Freedman DS, Mei Z, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Dietz WH. Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr. 2007;150(1):12–17.e2.

Freedman DS, Sherry B. The validity of BMI as an indicator of body fatness and risk among children. Pediatrics. 2009;124(suppl 1);S23–S34.

Freedman DS, Wang J, Thornton JC, Mei Z, Sopher AB, Pierson RN, Dietz WH, Horlick M. Classification of body fatness by body mass index-for-age categories among children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(9):805–811.

Grummer-Strawn LM, Reinold C, Krebs NF. Use of World Health Organization and CDC Growth Charts for Children Aged 0-59 Months in the United States. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-9): 59(rr09):1–15. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5909a1.htm. Accessed November 27, 2012.

Guo SS, Roche AF, Chumlea WC, Gardner JD, Siervogel RM. The predictive value of childhood body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:810–819.

Guo SS, Chumlea WC. Tracking of BMI in children in relation to overweight in adulthood. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(suppl):145s–148s.

Hammer LD, Kraemer HC, Wilson DM, Ritter PL, Dornbusch SM, Standardized percentile curves of body-mass index for children and adolescents. Am J Disf Child. 1991; 145:259–263.

Harris KM, Gordon-Larsen P, Chantala K, Udry R. Longitudinal trends in race/ethnic disparities in leading health indicators from adolescence to young adulthood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:74–81.

Himes JH and Dietz WH. Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: recommendations form an expert committee. Am J Clin Nutri. 1994;59:307–316.

Institute of Medicine. Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance. Committee on Prevention of Obesity in Children and Youth, Food and Nutrition Board, Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Koplan JP, Liverman CT, Kraak VI (eds). Washington, DC:The National Academies Press; 2005.

Kaplowitz PB. Link between body fat and the timing of puberty. Pediatrics. 2008;121:S208–S217.

Keys A, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, Kimura N, Taylor HL. Indices of relative weight and obesity. J Chronic Dis. 1972;25:329–343.

Mei Z, Grummer-Strawn LM, Pietrobelli A, Goulding A, Goran MI, Dietz WH. Validity of body mass index compared with other body-composition screening indexes for the assessment of body fatness in children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:978–985.

Must A, Anderson SE. Effects of obesity on morbidity in children and adolescents. Nutr Clin Care. 2003;6(1):4–12.

Must A, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Bajema CJ, Dietz WH. Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1350–1355.

Parsons TJ, Power C, Logan S, Summerbell CD. Childhood predictors of adult obesity: a systematic review. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23(suppl 8):S1–S107.

Power C, Lake JK, Cole TJ. Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997;21(7):507–526.

National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLD). National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute  in cooperation with The National Institute of diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) (1998). Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. The Evidence Report. NIH Publication No.98-4083. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ob_gdlns.pdf. Accessed November 19, 2012.

Pietrobelli A, Faith MS, Allison DB, Gallagher D, Chiumello G, Heymsfield SB. Body mass index as a measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: a validation study. J Pediatr. 1998;132:204–210.

Poskitt EM. Defining childhood obesity: the relative body mass index (BMI). Acta Paediatrica. 1995;84:961–963.

Reilly JJ, Methven E, McDowell ZC, et al. Health consequences of obesity Arch Dis Child. 2003;88(9):748–752.

Singh AS, Mulder C, Twisk JW, Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJ. Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev. 2008;9(5):474–488.

Spear BA, Barlow SE, Ervin C, Ludwig DS, Saelens BE, Schetzina KE, Taveras EM. Recommendations for treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity. Pediatrics. 2007;120(suppl 4):S254–S288.

Wang Y. Is obesity associated with early sexual maturation? a comparison of the association in American boys versus girls. Pediatrics. 2002; 110(5):903–-910.

Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med. 1997;37(13):869–873.

World Health Organization Expert Committee on Physical Status. The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. Physical Status: Report of a WHO Expert Committee: WHO Technical Report Series 854, Geneva: WHO; 1996.

Resources

American Academy of Pediatrics. Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Overweight and Obesity: About Childhood Obesity.

American Academy of Pediatrics. American Academy of Pediatrics Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Overweight and Obesity: Practice Management Resources Web site. http://www2.aap.org/obesity/practice_management_resources.html. Accessed March 26, 2013.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Table for Calculated Body Mass Index Values for Selected Heights and Weights for Ages 2 to 20 Web site. http://www.dishdiet.com/teen_kids_bmi_calculator.pdf. Accessed March 26, 2013.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use and Interpretation of the WHO and CDC Growth Charts for Children From Birth to 20 Years in the United States. Accessed March 26, 2013.

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). USPTF Recommendation on Screening for Obesity in Children and Adolescents Web site. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspschobes.htm. Accessed March 26, 2013.